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Research Project Kurşun İçermeyen Yeni Nesil Primer Patlayıcı Tasarımı, Sentezi ve KarakterizasyonuMercury fulminate, lead azide and lead styphnate have been used as primary explosives for a long time. They are very good initiatory explosives, however, they have some serious drawbacks such as thermal, hydrolytic, chemical instability, highly sensitive to light, high toxicity of the compounds themselves, high sensitivity to mechanical stimuli. Today, improvement on the existing primary explosives is essential to find materials without heavy metals with safer production line and more efficient use compared to the present ones. The main aim of this study is to synthesize and explore the initiating performance of novel energetic organic and metallic compounds, which lead to providing the similar or even better performance with lower toxicity. For this purpose, 5-(kloronitrometil)-4-nitro-1H-imidazol ligand and its cobalt, copper, iron and zinc complexes in different geometries were synthesized. The characterization of the complexes was elucidated by elemental analysis, ESI-MS, IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy techniques. The geometric and electronic properties of the complexes were determined using gas phase density functional theory calculations. Then, the explosive properties of the energetic materials obtained were studied with theoretical methods. The thermal stability of the materials was investigated by TG-TA methods. Explosion safety tests of the two most suitable complexes having exothermic energy profile were completed in the form of service procurement. The results obtained showed that the prepared complexes have very high thermal stability, they do not show the ability to be a primary explosive. However, the complexes having exothermic properties can be used as propelling power, and the complexes having endothermic properties can be used as additives to increase thermal stability against impact and friction in high energy rocket fuels.Research Project Kükürtten Bağlanan Liganlar İçeren Yeni Platin Mavisi Komplekslerinin Sentezi, Elektrokimyasal Karakterizasyonu ve Antitümör EtkileriPlatinum blues have generated substantial interest not only due to their activity but also for their brillant colors. The compounds involving various amide and pyrimidine ligands are intense blue, blue-green or purple. A variety of the structures that contain nitrogen, N, and oxygen, O, have been assigned to the platinum blues, however, no platinum blues compound containing sulphur, S and nitrogen has been reported. Apart from the above mentioned complexes, some platinum pyrimidine blues complexes having antitumor activity was also be studied, recently. The main objective of the proposed project is to senthesize the platinum blues compounds by using sulphur donor ligands, 2-aminothiophenol and 3-aminothiophenol at the first time. Analysis of the products will be performed by UV-Vis, IR, ESR, ESCA, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR ve 195Pt-NMR methods and the crystal structures will be identified by using X-ray diffraction spectrophotometer. The change in the DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid: gene) conformation that is generated by the interaction of the complexes will be determined by electrophoresis and the electrochemical methods. Electrochemical behaviour of the complexes will be studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the constant potental electrolyses of the complexes will be carried out at the peak potentials. The changes in the electronic absorption spectra of the complexes will be followed in situ by UV-vis spectrophotometer during the electrolysis in order to identify the electrolysis products and possible reaction intermediates. The number of the electrons that are transferred during the electrolysis will be counted by coulommetric methods and the presence of the unpaired electrons or the radicals will be proved by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Moreover, the charges pf the platinum ions present in the complex structure will be determined by ESCA and the structural identification of the complexes will also be performed by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonans) spectra besides X-ray diffraction spectrophotometer.Research Project Doğal Formdaki Ompg ile Genetik Mühendisliği Ürünü Mutantının Ftır Spektroskopisi ile Karşılaştırılması(2013) Zökan, Filiz Korkmaz-Research Project Yüksek Alan Indirgemeli Ileri Akıtma Isleminin Sınır Eleman Yöntemi, Çözüm Bölgesi Parçalaması ve Paralel Programlama ile Sayısal Modellenmesi (BEE Parallel Extrusion)(2016) Baranoğlu, Besim; Akay, Hasan Umur; Yazıcı, Ali HilmiIleri akıtma yöntemi kendisine Imalat alanında pek çok uygulama bulabilen bir islemdir. Bu islem ve benzeri yüksek deformasyon içeren ve bu deformasyon bölgesinin çogu elastik olan problemlerin çözümünde Sonlu eleman yöntemi ya da Sonlu hacim yöntemi ve benzeri sayısal yöntemler sorun yasamaktadırlar. Özellikle yüksek plastik genlemelerin ortaya çıktıgı alan indirgeme oranlarının yüksek oldugu islemlerde akıtma isleminin yukarıda belirtilen yöntemlerle analizi çok daha karmasık ve hesaplama süresi açısından uzun süreli olmaktadır. Bu çalısmada, alternatif bir yöntem olarak sınır eleman yöntemi ile yüksek alan indirgemeli ileri akıtma isleminin sayısal modellemesine yönelik bir formülasyon yapılacaktır. Tüm deformasyon bölgesi üç parçaya ayrılacaktır: bunlardan ikisi elastik deformasyonun gerçeklestigi bölgeler, arada kalan kısım ise plastik deformasyon bölgesidir. Elastik bölgeler elastostatik sınır elaman yöntemi ile çözülecektir. Plastik bölgenin çözümünde ise üç farklı yöntem denenecektir: (i) hacim agı olusturma, (ii) ikili karsıtlık, ve (iii) dogrusal olmayan sonlu eleman yöntemi ile ikili çözüm. Olusturulan formülasyon paralel olarak (MPI ? Massage Passing Interface ve MP - MultiProcessing yöntemleri girisimli olarak kullanılarak) bir bilgisayar kodu haline getirilecektir.Research Project Kimyasal Işıl-ışıma Özelliğine Sahip Heterosiklik Monomerlerin ve İletken Polimerlerinin Sentezlenmesi ve Uygulama Alanları(2008) Cihaner, Atilla; Önal, Ahmet M.; Tirkeş, Seha; Atılgan, Nurdan; Köksel, Bahar-Research Project Synthesis of Electroactive Chemiluminescent Compounds and Polymers for Blood Detection in ForensicCombination of pyridazine based and chemiluminescent units with electroactive compounds and conjugated polymers have been taken place recently. These compounds and conjugated polymers have been reported to be used instead of luminol in order to detect blood traces in forensic science. These studies resulted in the birth of a new series of compounds so-called “luminol-type compounds”. In this study, a new series of chemiluminescent and conjugated trimeric compounds bearing pyridazine ring (Scheme 1) and their polymers will be synthesized and characterized structurally. Then, their chemiluminescent properties and forensic applications (blood detection) will be scrutinized. Scheme 1. Chemical structure of the compounds bearing redox active terminals and chemiluminescent pyridazine units In order to achieve this aim, phthalic anhydride will be utilized to synthesize the target molecules in three steps. This will be advantageous when compared the synthesis of some luminol derivatives which require multiple steps. After the completion of the structural characterization of the compounds, the chemiluminescent reactions of the compounds in basic medium will be tested firstly in the presence of only hydrogen peroxide and then together with various metal cations as catalyst by using a photomultiplier tube. If iron ion is found to exhibit a catalytic role in the chemiluminescent process, the application of blood trace detection in forensic will be studied. First of all, hemin as a hemoglobin analogue will be used to get a standard curve and then the blood samples will be studied. Obtained data will be compared with luminol and its derivatives and also the effect of the substituents (electron donating units: furan, thiophene and selenophene) of the compounds on the chemiluminescent process will be investigated. Next step will be the electrochemical polymerization of the compounds. The structural analyses of the polymers will be studied by using voltammetric and spectroscopic methods (cyclic voltammetry, NMR, FTIR, UV-vis, SEM, GPC, etc.). Chemiluminescent properties and forensic applications of their polymers will also be studied. Furthermore, since the polymers can be obtained as films via electrochemical polymerization, the electrochemiluminescent properties of these polymers will also be investigated. In addition to the polymers’ structural characterization, their electrochemical and optical properties will be studied to search for their possible opto-electronic applications. When the project has reached to its aims, a new series of the chemiluminescent compounds will be synthesized after only a few steps by starting with a cheap compound called phthalic anhydride. Unfortunately, the interest of the present luminol type compounds in the literature is limited since they are synthesized in multiple steps. A new series of the compounds will be obtained for the family of luminol type compounds when the syntheses of the compounds are realized. Due to the systematic synthesis of the compounds (Group 6A: O (furan), S (thiophene), Se (selenophene) atoms used for the same template compound), the effect of the electron donating units will be investigated on the chemiluminescent property. In conclusion, new compounds that are alternative to the luminol used in forensic application will be brought into the literature.Research Project Paralel Hibrit Elektrikli Aracın Güç Aktarma Organların Simülasyonu, Tasarımı ve Deney Düzeneği KurulumuA parallel or mechanically coupled hybrid drivetrain has features that allow both the engine and the traction motor to apply their mechanical power in parallel directly to the drive wheels. The major advantages of a torque-coupling parallel configuration over a series configuration are (1) the non-necessity of a generator, (2) a smaller traction motor, and (3) only part of the engine power going through multi-power conversion. Hence, the overall efficiency can be higher than in the series hybrid. This project is studying the parallel configuration of a hybrid driveline both numerically and experimentally. The mathematical model of driveline was developed in Matlab/Simulink software. Power shifting between Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and Electric Motor (EM) was carried out by using the appropriate control strategy during the different driving conditions (acceleration, deceleration, and braking). An experimental setup of driveline was established in the ICE laboratory of the Automotive Engineering Department of Atılım University. All experiments were done in controlled conditions. The states of the system (ICE speed, EM speed and torque, Dynamometer load, Battery package voltage, SOC) are measurable to apply a suitable power shifting control method. The Driveline model were tuned by using experimental data.Research Project Reformat Gazlar ile Çalışabilen Yüksek Sıcaklık Yakıt Hücresi ve Bileşenlerinin Tasarımı, Geliştirilmesi ve Mikro- Kojenerasyon Uygulamasının İncelenmesi(2018) Devrim, Yılser; Eroğlu, İnci; Albostan, Ayhan; Yapıcı, Ekin Özgirgin; Bilir, Levent; Devrim, HüseyinGünümüzde, büyük bir kısmı fosil yakıtlardan üretilen enerjinin, yeni ve temiz enerji kaynaklarından üretimi giderek daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Güvenilir, sağlam ve çevre dostu güç üretim teknikleri içerisinde yakıt hücreleri yüksek verimlilik, yüksek basınç karakteristikleri ve çevre dostu olmaları nedeniyle büyük çekmektedir. Son yıllarda taşınabilir ve yerleşik uygulamalar gibi pek çok uygulaması olan yakıt hücrelerinin birleştirilmiş ısı ve güç (kojenerasyon) uygulamaları da gündeme gelmiştir. Birleştirilmiş ısı ve güç teknolojilerinde (CHP), yakıttaki kimyasal enerjiyi doğrudan elektrik enerjisine ve ayrıca faydalı ısıya dönüştüren yakıt hücreleri, düşük karbondioksit (CO2) emisyonu, yüksek elektriksel verim ve kolay bakım gibi avantajlar ile geleneksel güç üretim teknolojilerine (örneğin; içten yanmalı motor) göre kombine ısı-güç dağılımı üretmek için daha uygundur. Yüksek sıcaklık proton değişim membran (YS-PEM) yakıt hücresi tabanlı kojenerasyon sistemleri, düşük sıcaklık proton değişim membran (DS-PEM) tabanlı kojenerasyon sistemlerine göre kolay su yönetimi, daha ucuz yakıt işleme, daha fazla CO toleransı gibi avantajlara sahiptir. Bu proje kapsamında yüksek sıcaklık yakıt hücresi uygulamaları için polibenzimidazol (PBI) temelli kompozit ve çapraz bağlı membranlar geliştirilmiş ve reformat gazlar ile çalışabilen YS-PEM yakıt hücresi tasarımı yapılarak laboratuvar ölçekli mikro-kojenerasyon uygulaması incelenmiştir. Çalışmada ilk olarak yüksek sıcaklık yakıt hücrelerinin performansını ve kararlılığını arttırmak için yüksek sıcaklıklara uzun süre dayanıklı ve yüksek performanslı membranlar ve elektrot malzemeleri geliştirilmiştir. Hazırlanan membranların fizikokimyasal ve elektrokimyasal karakterizasyonu yapılarak, en iyi özelliğe sahip membrana ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Daha sonra yüksek performans için özgün reaktant akış kanalları ve soğutma sistemine sahip 300 W net güce sahip YS-PEM yakıt hücresi tasarımı ve üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Projede YS-PEM yakıt hücresi sisteminde önce saf H2 ile ve sonrasında farklı oranlarda CO, CO2 ve H2 gaz karışımları ile çalışılmıştır. Proje kapsamında ayrıca üretilen elektrik enerjisi yanı sıra sistemde oluşacak atık ısıdan maksimum derecede yararlanılması için kojenerasyon sistemi tasarımı ve modellemesi yapılmıştır.Research Project Otomotiv Mühendisliği Bölümünün Yarış Aracının (ATEV2022) Süspansiyon Sisteminin Optimazasyon ÇalışmasıThis project is suggesting an optimum design for suspension system of ATEV2020 vehicle (Automotive Engineering Department racing car). Different models of suspension were investigated and compared according to their functionality in the target vehicle. Some parameters like minimum manufacturing error, feasibility in mounting the parts, driver comfort, vehicle stabilitiy and degree of ease in setting steering angles were considered in selection period. The selected mechanism’s CAD model were assembled on the vehicle and its dynamic effects were investigated by composing a model in Matlab software. Matlab/SimMechanics toolbox was used for this kind of simulation. In order to understand the concept of mechanism, 2D model equations are extracted from the literature. Then the model is expanded for 3D application. As the 3D models for suspension system are not available in the literature, it is thought that this kind of study will contribute significantly to the design of suspension system on vehicle prototypes.Research Project Development of E-Applications of Statistical and Mathematical Modeling With Use of Atılım Mpad for Educational PurposesTechnology has gained a great importance in education with the progress of technology. Today, integrating the opportunities offered by technology into lectures suggests the use of technological tools and equipment in the classroom environment, especially for efficient and effective learning. Within this scope, there are e-learning studies in our country. One of these is Atılım mPAD, which is developed in our university. In this project, we aim to provide active participation of undergraduate students in classes and intensive use of technology and to integrate Atılım mPAD usage into different courses. The codes using the R software will be converted into e-applications through Atılım mPAD in order to facilitate the understanding of the subjects described in the courses such as Probability and Statistic for Engineers (IE220), Probability and Statistic I and II (IE201 ve IE202), Stochastic Models (IE324), Simulation (IE403), Statistical Applications in Industrial Engineering (IE442) given in industrial engineering department as well as Computer Applications in Business (MAN354 or ISL354), Quantitative Applications in Business (MAN122 or ISL122), Introduction to Probability and Statistic I and II (MATH291 or MATH293 and MATH292 or MATH294), Probability Theory and Statistics (MATH392) courses given in different departments. With these e-applications, it is suggested that the students increase their theoretical knowledge in the classroom environment. For this purpose, R codes will be created for each of the following subjects. These codes will be used by students during the course in Atılım mPAD environment. Calculation of basic descriptive statistics and graphical representation, various probability calculations, random number generation, hypothesis testing, regression, simulation of simple random experiments, simulation of basic queuing systems are discussed in the courses of probability and statistics. For the courses based on mathematical modeling, solutions of some optimization methods, numerical solutions of linear and nonlinear equations, interpolation and least squares method for approximation of functions will be discussed.
