Scopus
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14411/19
Browse
Recent Submissions
Article Discussions on Perturbed Quasi-Metric Spaces(Yokohama Publications, 2025) Karapınar, E.; Mathematics; 02. School of Arts and Sciences; 01. Atılım UniversityThe main goal of this manuscript is to introduce the notion of perturbed quasi-metric spaces. Furthermore, it shall discuss the existence of basic fixed point theorems in the setting of perturbed quasi-metric spaces. © Copyright 2025.Editorial Preface(IGI Global, 2020) Esiyok, E.; 01. Atılım UniversityBook Part The European Union and Turkey: Transformation of the State–Society Relationship(Bloomsbury Publishing Plc., 2011) Hurmi, B.T.; Temel, B.; 01. Atılım UniversityArticle Investigation of Tetanus Seropositivity Levels in Adult Patients with Rabies Risk Exposure Admitted To a Hospital in Ankara(Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2025) Gürkaynak, P.; Demircan, Ş.A.; Tulek, N.; Kinikli, S.; Erdi̇Nç, F.Ş.; Tuncer, G.; 01. Atılım UniversityIntroduction: This study aimed to assess tetanus seropositivity levels among adult patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital following rabies risk exposure, and to explore potential factors influencing their immunological status. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study included 182 adult individuals (68 females and 114 males) who presented to the hospital following rabies risk exposure. The demographic data was collected during a face-to-face interview, and the tetanus antibody concentrations were assessed using a micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Serum antibody levels of ≥ 0.1 IU/mL were defined as “seropositive”, while values below this threshold were considered “seronegative”. Results: Seropositivity was identified in 81.9% of the patients. There was a significant decline in antibody levels with age (p < 0.001). The Spearman correlation analysis showed a moderately significant negative correlation between age and antibody titers (r = – 0.404, p < 0.001). In addition, there were significantly higher tetanus antibody levels in patients from urban areas, those vaccinated during pregnancy, and those vaccinated within the past 10 years (p = 0.025, 0.036, and 0.013, respectively). Conclusions: Overall, the results highlight a reduction in tetanus antibody levels with age, emphasizing the importance of receiving a booster dose every 10 years. In addition, rabies risk exposure, particularly in older adults, presents a valuable opportunity to administer tetanus vaccination. © 2025 Gürkaynak et al.Book Part Multinational Firms From the Perspective of Network Theory: Achieving Business Success on a Global Scale(IGI Global, 2025) Asbas, C.; Sözen, H.C.; Tuzlukaya, S.E.; 01. Atılım UniversityMultinational companies stand out with their successes on a global scale, in terms of both financial strengths and managerial capabilities. A multinational corporation is any business that operates independently and primarily has its headquarters situated in one nation, while also owning fully or partially subsidiaries registered in many jurisdictions. The literature on multinational companies, which typically emphasizes macro and microeconomic theories, also includes studies on management disciplines. Network theory stands out as a cornerstone for understanding multinational companies, due to their multi-branch structure and cross-border relationships. It holds a significant role in the literature on multinational firms, owing to its roots across social, socioeconomic, sociopsychological, institutional and organizational implications. In this context, this chapter delves into the details of multinational firms from the perspective of network theory, exploring its mathematical, social and socioeconomic foundations, and the perspectives offered by American and European schools. © 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.Article A Comprehensive Study of Space Efficiency in Tall Buildings: The Australian Perspective(Kauno Technologijos Universitetas, 2025) Ilgın, H.; Aslantamer, Ö.; 01. Atılım UniversitySpatial efficiency in Australian towers is shaped by a multifaceted interaction of many parameters such as architectural and structural considerations. However, there are no comprehensive studies available on space utilization in Australian high-rise towers. The article addresses this gap by investigating 32 case studies. This study aims to investigate how contemporary Australian tall buildings achieve spatial efficiency by analyzing the relationship between architectural and structural parameters and internal usable area ratios. Key findings: residential function, centrally-located core layouts, and prismatic arrangements are the most widespread trends; concrete is the favored construction material, with the shear-walled frame system being the most commonly used structural system; average space efficiency is 82%, with a core-to-GFA ratio of 16%. The paper offers valuable understandings for construction experts to inform design decisions in high-rise construction projects within the Australian context. © 2025, Kauno Technologijos Universitetas. All rights reserved.Article A Class of Shock Models for a System That Is Equipped with a Protection Block with an Application To Wind Turbine Reliability(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2025) Eryilmaz, S.; Industrial Engineering; 06. School Of Engineering; 01. Atılım UniversityThis paper studies a class of shock models for a system that is equipped with a protection block that has its own failure rate. Under the considered class, the system exposed to shocks at random times is protected by the protection block, and the probability of the shock damaging the system varies depending on whether the protection block operates or not. The system failure criteria is defined based on the pattern of the critical/damaging shocks. Exact expressions for the reliability and mean time to failure of the system are obtained, and detailed computations are presented for the run shock model, which is included in the class. The application of the extreme shock model, which is included in the relevant class, to wind turbine reliability is also discussed. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Article Dynamic Market Efficiency Assessment in Sustainability Indices: Rolling Fractional Integration Analysis with Multiple Estimators(Borsa Istanbul Anonim Sirketi, 2025) Gönül, İ.Ö.; Omay, T.; 01. Atılım UniversityThis study develops a comprehensive econometric framework for assessing market efficiency in sustainability indices through rolling fractional integration analysis. We employ four fractional integration estimators (Andrews–Guggenberger, Robinson GSE, GPH, and FELW) with formal statistical testing, addressing critical methodological gaps including single estimator dependency and static analysis approaches. Applied to 17 sustainability indices across 13 countries, our results reveal significant heterogeneity in market efficiency evolution. Developed markets exhibit timevarying efficiency patterns with periodic inefficiencies driven by institutional rebalancing dynamics, while emerging markets demonstrate superior efficiency characteristics. The BIST Sustainability Index exhibits exceptional efficiency, while the SP 500 ESG Screened Index shows the highest inefficiency levels among developed markets. The convergent validity between fractional integration and traditional unit root tests provides robust methodological validation. Our findings establish unprecedented robustness in sustainability market efficiency research while providing policy implications for financial regulators and investment managers. © 2025 Borsa İstanbul Anonim Şirketi.Article Evaluation of Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors and Prognosis of Herpes Zoster (Shingles) Infection in Türkiye: Varicomp-Adult Study(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Özgen-Top, O.; Karacaer, Z.; Ozkan, E.F.; Ozger, H.S.; Saltoǧlu, N.; Öztoprak Çuvalci, N.; Şenol, E.; 01. Atılım UniversityObjective The study aimed to determine the estimated prevalence of herpes zoster (HZ) infection in the adult population in Türkiye and the rates of HZ-associated complications and risk factors. Methods This retrospective, multicenter ( n = 11), cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2016 and January 2022 and included all patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with shingles following screening based on ICD-10 codes. The prevalence of HZ infection was calculated; rates of HZ-related complications (recurrence, hospitalization, postherpetic neuralgia [PHN]) and associated risk factors were determined. Results A total of 6114 HZ patients were included; the estimated 5-year HZ prevalence in Türkiye was 908.7 per 100,000 population. Of the patients, 851 (14.2%) were immunocompromised, 366 (6%) were hospitalized due to HZ, 284 (8.9%) experienced PHN, 97 (3.2%) experienced recurrence of the patients. Risk factors for PHN were older age (≥50 years [OR = 3.19; P < 0.001)], and trigeminal dermatome involvement (OR = 2.45; P = 0.006). Antiviral use was associated with reduced PHN risk (OR = 0.16; P < 0.001). Conclusions Our multicenter cross-sectional study revealed the high burden of HZ in Türkiye and highlighted the potential for increasing prevalence due to risk factors including aging and comorbidities. © 2025 The Authors.Article Evaluation of Food Intake, Malnutrition, Growth and Development in Children with Esophageal Atresia: A Pilot Study from Turkey(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Konyalıgil, D.B.; Koc, N.; Çalışkan, D.; Kara-Uzun, A.; Şenel, E.; 01. Atılım UniversityBackground: This study aimed to evaluate the relationships among nutritional intake, malnutrition, and growth and development in children under 2 years of age with esophageal atresia. Methods: A survey was administered to the parents of healthy children and children with esophageal atresia who were followed up at Ankara City Hospital Pediatric Surgery Polyclinic. Nutrition education was provided, a follow-up visit was scheduled three months later, and the assessments were repeated. Results: The study included 20 children with esophageal atresia and 40 controls under 2 years of age. Height-for-age, weight-for-age and head circumference measurements were significantly lower in children with esophageal atresia than in the control group (p < 0.05). At the second interview, triceps skinfold thickness for age and mid-upper arm circumference for age were also significantly lower in children with esophageal atresia compared to control group (p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed in dietary and food consistency preferences, eating status, and swallowing function (p < 0.05). In addition, according to the Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool-10 and Screening Tool for Risk of Impaired Nutritional Status and Growth, a high prevalence of swallowing disorders and a moderate risk of malnutrition were identified in children with esophageal atresia (p < 0.05). At the end of follow-up, significant increases in weight-for-age and height-for-age z scores were observed over time in children with esophageal atresia (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the percentages meeting daily requirements for protein, carbohydrates and dietary fiber increased over time (p < 0.05). Swallowing symptoms improved over time in children with esophageal atresia, and their current dietary patterns remained significantly different from those of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Appropriate nutritional support delivered with a multidisciplinary approach and long-term follow-up can help children to achieve a growth rate appropriate for their peers. © The Author(s) 2025.Article Organ-Protective Effects of Fullerenol and Desflurane in a Rat Model of Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury(Nature Research, 2025) Kip, G.; Köksal, Z.; Yigman, Z.; Küçük, A.; Arslan, M.; Akarca-Dizakar, S.Ö.; Sivgin, V.; 01. Atılım UniversityTo investigate the protective effects of fullerenol applied before ischemia induction and desflurane anesthesia applied during ischemia–reperfusion (IR) induction in the lungs and kidneys of a lower-extremity IR injury rat model. After receiving ethical approval, we randomly divided 30 rats into five groups: sham (S), IR, IR with 100 mg/kg fullerenol (IR-FUL), IR with 6.7% desflurane (IR-DES), IR with 100 mg/kg fullerenol and 6.7% desflurane (IR-FUL-DES). Fullerenol was administered 30 min before the IR procedure in the IR-FUL and IR-FUL-DES groups, and desflurane was administered during the IR procedure in the IR-DES and IR-FUL-DES groups. During the procedure, an atraumatic microvascular clamp was placed in the aorta for 120 min. The clamp was then removed to achieve reperfusion for 120 min. Finally, at the end of reperfusion, we evaluated the extracted lung and kidney tissue samples and assessed them biochemically and histopathologically. The lung damage scores of the IR-FUL, IR-DES, and IR-FUL-DES groups were significantly lower than those of the IR group (p <.0001, p =.002, and p <.0001, respectively). The renal tubule injury scores of the IR, IR-FUL, IR-DES, and IR-FUL-DES groups were significantly higher than those of the S group (p <.0001). By contrast, the renal tubule injury scores of the IR-FUL and IR-FUL-DES groups were significantly lower than those of the IR group (p <.0001 and p =.001, respectively). Moreover, kidney intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) expression was significantly lower in all the treatment groups, particularly the IR-FUL group, than in the IR group, and lung ICAM1 expression was significantly lower in the IR-FUL and IR-FUL-DES groups than in the other treatment groups. In the lung and kidney tissues, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels, catalase activity, glutathione-S-transferase activity, and arylesterase activity were relatively high in the treatment groups. The application of fullerenol before and after desflurane anesthesia during IR has protective effects on rat lungs and kidneys. In particular, histopathology confirmed that the application of fullerenol 30 min before IR induction and desflurane anesthesia during IR induction reduced oxidative stress and alleviated IR-related damage in the lungs and kidneys. These findings may have important translational relevance, suggesting potential perioperative strategies for protecting organs from ischemia–reperfusion injury in clinical settings. © The Author(s) 2025.Article Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Photodynamic Therapy Efficacies of Meso-Pyridine BODIPYs and Their Ruthenium Complexes(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2025) Aksoy, B.; Özcan, E.; Bulut, O.; Kazan, H.; Çoşut, B.; 01. Atılım UniversityPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a candidate approach for cancer treatment. In PDT applications, a fluorescent molecule, called photosensitizer (PS), induces light-directed production of reactive species, resulting in cytotoxicity. Having tunable fluorescence and easy derivatization properties, the BODIPY core is widely used as a PS. To further increase the light-induced toxicity, studies have shown the conjugation of heavy metals to the BODIPY core. However, such complexes are still needed to fully figure out their potential. In the current study, as part of an ongoing one, two novel ruthenium-BODIPY complexes were synthesized and characterized by structural, photophysical, and biological methods. To obtain complex structures between ruthenium dimers and BODIPY units, [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 dimers, and non-iodo and di-iodo BODIPY derivatives were reacted in methanol-tetrahydrofuran (THF) medium. Photophysical properties, fluorescence lifetime, molar extinction coefficient, photostability, and capability of singlet oxygen generation were determined using absorption and/or fluorescence spectroscopy. Besides, the structures of the complexes were further clarified by the single-crystal X-ray technique. The cytotoxicity of compounds was examined against the human cervical cancer cell line, HeLa, and breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, both in the dark and by light irradiation. Accordingly, both precursors and their ruthenium complexes were light-dependent toxic; nevertheless, di-iodinated meso-pyridine-substituted BODIPYs displayed light-independent toxicity by long-term treatments. Moreover, the effects of the complexes were cell-specific and the toxicities of di-iodinated BODIPY complexes were inversely correlated with the concentrations, underlying a possible aggregation and/or unpredicted cellular interaction pattern. These results emphasize that further functionalization and molecular characterization of BODIPY-ruthenium complexes are still required for PDT applications. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Book Part Applying Asymmetric Theory to Optimise Instructional, Assessment, and Administrative Designs of Intensive English Programmes(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Sahin, A.; 01. Atılım UniversityAsymmetric Theory emphasizes optimisation, efficiency, and economy by harnessing the transformative power of asymmetry. It offers practical and functional solutions to some complex daily and scientific problems through the application of multilayered asymmetric thinking. The process begins with the careful identification of the most dominant factors influencing the success of the solutions to the problems, ultimately leading to the creation of a main key to successand sub keys to success attached to it. The key tosuccess serves as a guide for its creator as it highlights which factors should be controlled and which should be prioritised over the others. As a result, Asymmetric Theory introduces a structured strategy-oriented approach to problem-solving. This chapter begins by highlighting the importance of Intensive English Programmes (IEPs) for English-medium universities. Then, it introduces the core principles of Asymmetric Theory. Building on these principles, a main key to success is created for the programme development challenge of IEPs followed by the creation of sub keys for optimising their instructional, assessment, and administrative designs. These steps are demonstrated using a think-aloud protocol. Ultimately, this chapter presents how the instructional, assessment, and administrative designs of an educational programme can be effectively optimised through the lens of Asymmetric Theory using IEPs as a comprehensive example. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Book Part Developing Proactive Behavior in the Context of Conflict Management(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Tosun, B.; Khan, M.; 01. Atılım University; 05. School of Business; BusinessConflict is a pervasive and complex aspect of organizational life that can significantly impact employee morale, productivity, and the work environment. As managers spend a significant portion of their time dealing with routine complaints, hiring and retrenchment decisions, and the pressures imposed by a fast-paced, highly competitive marketplace, it is crucial to develop proactive behavior to identify and resolve conflicts before they escalate. While conflict has been studied primarily in the fields of business, sociology, and psychology, the definition of conflict remains elusive, given its wide range of concepts. This study seeks to shed light on the multifaceted nature of conflict and the role of proactive behavior in preventing and managing conflicts. The study evaluated the precursors of proactivity in terms of personality and behavior, different types of conflict, conflict management, and resolution approaches, and the potential negative consequences of excessive proactivity without sufficient situational judgement effectiveness. Ultimately, the article provides valuable insights into the benefits and potential drawbacks of proactive behavior in preventing and managing conflicts in the workplace. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Book Part The Dark Side of Proactive Behaviors and Blind Spot Management(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Uwizeye, J.; Tuzlukaya, S.E.; Asbas, C.; 01. Atılım UniversityProactive behavior, which should be anticipatory and agentic, can be defined as actions focused on certain behaviors aimed at improving job performance, career success, and employee well-being. Even if organizational citizenship behaviors have been frequently characterized as proactive behaviors, this is not true under every condition, as they may be either reactive or passive. Although proactive behavior among employees has been widely studied because of the importance that organizations place on improving performance and effectiveness, the potential and possible negative outcomes of such behavior have often been ignored. Examining and discovering the potential negative implications of proactive behaviors and formulating strategies to manage blind spots are vital for developing a general understanding of proactive behaviors for both employees and firms. The intention of this study is to conduct a literature review on proactive behaviors by focusing on the dark side and blind spots of proactive behaviors. This chapter also explains various forms of proactive behaviors and theories that can effectively describe the negative outcomes of such behaviors and discusses the detrimental effects of proactive behaviors on both employees and organizations. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Article Barriers to and Facilitators of Phosphate Control in Children with CKD(Elsevier Inc., 2025) McAlister, L.; Shaw, V.; Pugh, P.; Joyce, T.; Snauwaert, E.; Bathgate, F.; Lambert, K.; 01. Atılım UniversityIntroduction: Managing mineral and bone disorder in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires control of serum phosphate levels. However, hyperphosphatemia is common, particularly in adolescents, reflecting suboptimal adherence to phosphate-binder medications and a reduced phosphate diet. We explored phosphate-related knowledge and adherence barriers in children, and their caregivers, using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study design. Methods: Children aged 8 to 18 years with CKD stages 4 and 5, on dialysis or post-transplantation, and caregivers, were recruited from 3 UK pediatric kidney centers. The Phosphate Understanding and Knowledge Assessment questionnaire was used to assess knowledge. Online focus groups explored real-world challenges to phosphate control. Results: Forty-eight children and 43 caregivers were recruited; 44 (92%) children and 33 (75%) caregivers completed the questionnaire. Median knowledge scores were 64.3% (interquartile range, 55.3–78.6) for children and 72.7% (interquartile range, 64.3–85.7) for caregivers (P = 0.04). Older children scored higher (P = 0.01, R2 = 0.13), but knowledge did not correlate with serum phosphate. Dietary restriction was perceived as more challenging than using phosphate-binders (59% children; 71% caregivers). Forty-six participants, including 30 child-caregiver dyads, joined focus groups. The following 5 themes were identified encapsulating the experiences of families: practical advice and support are valued; personalized strategies are preferred to facilitate sense-making; the social environment of the child and family is disrupted; education and self-management skills can influence success; and the journey requires acceptance, adaptation, and perseverance. Conclusions: In pediatric CKD, poor adherence to phosphate advice originates more from social and practical barriers than knowledge deficits. Our findings can inform personalized strategies to improve adherence in real-world settings. © 2025 International Society of NephrologyBook Part Safety, Toxicity Profile and Side Effects(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Demirci Saadet, E.; Türsen, B.; 01. Atılım UniversitySince Janus kinases mediate the effects of numerous inflammatory cytokines, various side effects are observed during treatment with JAK inhibitors that inhibit these kinases. Infections are the most common side effects. The development of malignancy, venous thromboembolism, major cardiovascular adverse events, nausea, acne, and various laboratory abnormalities has also been observed with the use of JAK inhibitors. With the long-term use of JAK inhibitors, their safety, toxicity and side effect profiles are better understood. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Book Part JAK Inhibitors/Drug Interactions(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Demirci Saadet, E.; 01. Atılım UniversityJAK inhibitors are a group of drugs that can affect the signaling of various cytokines simultaneously. The number of indications in dermatology has been increasing in recent years. JAK inhibitors are largely metabolized by the liver. Therefore, drug–drug interactions may occur when used with cytochrome P450 and CYP2C19 inhibitors or inducers, and drug dosages should be adjusted or not used together. In addition, OAT-3 inhibitors, which are known to play a role in renal elimination, interact with some JAK inhibitors, and dose adjustment is recommended. During treatment, drug–drug interactions should be reviewed in combination with JAK inhibitors and other drugs. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Article Citation - Scopus: 1Formation of Industrial Design Culture from Educational to Professional Life(The Design and Technology Association, 2024) Hatunoglu, Dogan Can; Kaygan, P.; Interior Architecture and Environmental Design; 03. School of Fine Arts Design & Architecture; 01. Atılım UniversityAlthough the professional culture of designers has been emphasized as a peripheral issue in various fields of study in design, such as design culture and design management, it has rarely been the central topic of research. However, studies from other professional fields have demonstrated the significance of studying professional culture, especially its formation in higher educational contexts, as it has direct implications on professional status and career prospects of these professions' members. This paper aims to redress this gap by exploring how the professional culture acquired in industrial design education shapes industrial designers’ work experiences in manufacturing companies? It focuses on the context of Turkey and empirically draws on interviews with industrial designers who have work experience in large-scale manufacturing companies. Interviews reveal insights into industrial designers’ perceptions of the profession, experiences in undergraduate education, adaptations to professional life, and professional experiences in manufacturing companies where they collaborate with other professions, where cultural disconnect becomes visible. The qualitative data analysis highlighted the significance of being a community and having flexibility in space and time in industrial design’s professional culture in the examined context. The findings underline collaboration and teaching of soft skills such as communication and teamwork as implications for industrial design education. © 2024, The Design and Technology Association. All rights reserved.Article Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases: Best Turkish Practice Recommendations by Multidisciplinary Experts(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Umay, Ebru; Tanigor, Goksel; Toraman, Fusun; Karaahmet, Ozgur; Bilgilisoy, Meral; Sertpoyraz, Filiz; Nazli, Fatma; 01. Atılım UniversityBackground and aim:Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases including motor neurone diseases (MND), muscle diseases (MD), neuropathies and neuromuscular junction diseases (NMJD). NMDs are characterized by a wide range of symptoms and findings, depending on different underlying issues. Therefore, the literature includes specific management and/or rehabilitation recommendations for each subgroup and even for some diseases within these subgroups. Currently, neither in our country nor globally is there a comprehensive recommendation study that thoroughly addresses all aspects of NMD rehabilitation developed by experienced and specialized multidisciplinary experts in the field.Materials and methodsThe recommendations in this paper have been created by a multidisciplinary team for all patients without age limitation under the headings of peripheral neuropathy/polyneuropathy, MND, MD and NMJD using the seven-step and 3 round modified Delphi method via e-mail. The strength of agreements (SOA) was calculated for each item (recommendation) using percentages (response of between 8 and 10%), median values, and interquartile range with Kappa method.ResultsThe opinions of the experts were analysed according to the 3-round modified Delphi method, and a list of 110 items of recommendations for patients with NMDs of all ages was prepared in as much detail as possible to shed light on almost all questions and problems that may be encountered in clinical practice. There were 5 recommendations in the general management subsection, 20 recommendations in the rehabilitation indications subsection, 8 recommendations in the rehabilitation contraindications section, and 77 recommendations in the rehabilitation section (general principles 7 recommendations, modalities 13 recommendations, exercise characteristics 57 recommendations).ConclusionWe think that this study will be a light for physicians dealing with this patient group in clinical practice, as it includes fine details up to exercise prescriptions.
