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Article Citation Count: 0Exploring the Landscape of e-Government Maturity Models: Insights from Systematic Mapping Study and Comparative Analysis(Association for Computing Machinery, 2024) Okan, Aylin Akça; Information Systems Engineeringe-Government Maturity Models are essential tools for governments to assess and improve their e-government capabilities, performance, and impact. This article offers a pioneering systematic mapping study and comparative analysis of e-Government Maturity Models proposed between 2010 and 2022, marking a significant stride in the realm of e-government research. The review focuses on these recent models and compares their approaches, frameworks, and dimensions. Previous comparison research studies conducted before 2010 are also reviewed to provide an inclusive context for understanding the evolution and advancement of e-government maturity models. The study is the first to systematically map and compare e-Government Maturity Models proposed in recent years, also comparing with the previous decade.Employing a mixed-methods approach, this article meticulously dissects and contrasts various models, shedding light on the evolution, strengths, and weaknesses of e-government maturity frameworks over more than a decade. The research contributes to the literature by revealing underlying discrepancies in current models and proposing a synthesized perspective that integrates technological advancements and administrative strategies, providing insights into opportunities for future research and practice. The findings of the study can be used to develop a new generation of e-government maturity models that are more comprehensive and relevant to the current needs of governments. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.Conference Object Citation Count: 0Multi-axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining of Inconel 718 using Al2O3-CuO hybrid nanofluid MQL(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Namlu, Ramazan Hakkı; Lotfi,B.; Lotfi, Bahram; Mechanical Engineering; Department of Mechanical EngineeringInconel 718 is a widely used superalloy in the aerospace industry, owing to its exceptional creep and corrosion resistance, as well as its ability to retain strength at elevated temperatures. However, its machinability presents challenges due to its low thermal conductivity and high work hardening rate during conventional machining, resulting in inadequate surface quality. To address this issue, a recent technique known as Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Machining (UVAM) has emerged. UVAM involves applying high-frequency, low-amplitude vibrations to the cutting tool or workpiece. Additionally, Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) has been considered as an alternative cooling technique to enhance machining performance. Optimizing the performance of UVAM can be achieved by employing various vibration axes. Additionally, the effectiveness of MQL can be enhanced through the utilization of nanofluids. This study investigates the combined application of multi-axis UVAM and Al2O3-CuO added Hybrid Nanofluid MQL (HNMQL) during the milling of Inconel 718. The evaluation parameters include surface roughness, topography, burr formations, and cutting forces. The results demonstrate that the simultaneous use of multi-axis UVAM and HNMQL significantly improves the machining performance of Inconel 718. This combination leads to better surface quality and overall process efficiency, offering promising prospects for the aerospace industry and other applications involving difficult-to-cut materials. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.Article Citation Count: 0SnS2 and Ho-doped SnS2 thin films: Synergistic, DFT, photocatalytic, and antibacterial studies(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Işık, Mehmet; Khane,Y.; Oliveira,M.C.; Longo,E.; Ribeiro,R.A.P.; Isik,M.; Mansoob Khan,M.; Department of Electrical & Electronics EngineeringThis study investigates Ho-doped tin disulfide (Ho-SnS2) thin films prepared via spray coating, focusing on varying Ho doping levels (0 at. %, 2 at. %, and 4 at. %). Structural analysis through XRD and SEM showcased enhanced crystallinity and morphology in Ho-SnS2 films. Raman and XPS studies provided insight into the film's composition and chemical states. The antibacterial properties of the films were investigated using a bacterial growth inhibition assay. The results showed significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, highlighting the potential applications of Ho-SnS2 thin films in antibacterial coatings. Ho-SnS2 films exhibited superior photocatalytic activity and antibacterial properties compared to SnS2 films, attributed to efficient charge separation. DFT analysis proposed a mechanism for the antibacterial activity. These findings highlight the efficacy of the spray coating technique in producing Ho-SnS2 films and the potential of Ho-SnS2 films for diverse applications like photocatalysis and antibacterial coatings. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.Conference Object Citation Count: 0Evaluation of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines for Prediction of Kappa Factor in Western Türkiye(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Yerlikaya Özkurt, Fatma; Yerlikaya-Ozkurt,F.; Askan,A.; Industrial EngineeringThe recent seismic activity on the west coast of Türkiye, including the Aegean Sea region, indicates that a closer focus is necessary on this region. Located in an active tectonic regime of north–south extension with multiple basins on soft soil deposits, the region has a high seismic hazard. Recently, as a combination of basin effects and building vulnerability, the October 30, 2020, Samos event (Mw = 7.0) caused localized significant damage and collapse in İzmir city center despite the 70 km distance from the earthquake source. In spite of this activity, studies on site characterization and site response modeling, including local velocity models and kappa estimates, are still limited in this region. Kappa values exhibit regional characteristics, which necessitates local kappa estimates from past earthquake data for use in region-specific applications. To make the prediction, we used three-component strong ground motion records from accelerometer stations with known VS30 values in western Türkiye that are a part of the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency’s Turkish National Strong Ground Motion Observation Network. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) algorithms have been implemented to build the prediction model. Three factors, such as distance, magnitude, and site class, are included in the kappa evaluation process. The performance of the models in kappa evaluation is calculated based on well-known accuracy measures. The MARS model showed better performance compared to MLR over the selected sites concerning all performance measures. This finding may challenge the most commonly assumed linear models of kappa in the literature. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.Conference Object Citation Count: 0Radar Cross Section Studies of Low Signature UAVs in X-Band: Simulation, Measurement and Performance Evaluation;(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Aydın, Elif; Gökdoğan,B.Y.; Gökdoğan, Bengisu Yalçınkaya; Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering; Electrical-Electronics EngineeringIn this study, the effectiveness of a radar cross section (RCS) reduction method based on a proposed shaping technique for four-legged unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has been proven with simulation tools and experimental measurements in X-Band. Simulative RCS values were obtained with CST and HFSS electromagnetic calculation tools, and the advantages of these tools compared to each other were examined. Experimental measurements were carried out in a laboratory environment with a vector network analyzer (VNA) and confirmed with simulation results. The effects of frequency, polarization and aspect angle factors on RCS were examined. It has been shown that with the proposed measurement method, low-cost and easily applicable RCS analysis can be performed in X-Band, one of the frequency bands frequently used in the defense industry. With the proposed shaping method, RCS reduction in the range of 5-10 dBsm was achieved. © 2024 IEEE.Conference Object Citation Count: 0A New Approach for Addressing Slip Ratio Optimization and Trajectory Tracking Challenges in Autonomous Tractor Operations;(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Aydemir, Ali Bahadır; Altınuç, Kemal Orçun; Kansou,M.T.; Altınuç,K.O.; Mechatronics EngineeringThe usage of autonomous agricultural machines is increasing. In this study, two controllers have been designed for trajectory following and longitudinal tire slip ratio control of a rear-wheel independent traction electric autonomous tractor. The first controller is model predictive control (MPC) and the second controller is proportional integral derivative (PID) based. To evaluate the performance of the controllers in the simulation environment, a mathematical tractor model is prepared. Simulations have been made and performances of the designed controllers are shared. © 2024 IEEE.Article Citation Count: 0Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Diabetic Foot Patients A Shift in the Infectious Agent Profile Toward Nonfermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli(American Podiatric Medical Association, 2024) Tülek, Necla; Saltoğglu,N.; Acar, Ali; Turhan,Ö.; Serin,E.N.; Yapar,D.; Kaya,S.D.; Basic SciencesBackground: Diabetes foot infection is a very important public health problem that causes serious health problems, mortality, and high health expenditures, and is one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus. There are concerns that approaches such as limited personal visits to doctors, avoidance of hospitals, and restrictions on nonemergency surgical procedures during the coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic pose a threat to those with diabetic foot problems, including diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), ischemia, and infection, resulting in increased limb loss and mortality. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in 14 tertiary care hospitals from various regions of Turkey. A total of 1,394 patient records were evaluated, 794 of which were between January 1, 2019, and January 30, 2020 (prepandemic [Pre-P]), and 605 of which were between February 1, 2020, and February 28, 2021 (pandemic period [PP]). Results: During the PP, diabetic foot patient follow-up decreased by 23.8%. In addition, the number of hospitalizations attributable to DFU has decreased significantly during the PP (P = .035). There was no difference between the groups regarding patient demographics, medical history, DFU severity, biochemical and radiologic findings, or comorbidities, but the mean duration of diabetes mellitus years was longer in patients in the Pre-P than in those in the PP (15.1 years versus 13.7 years). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of major complications such as limb loss and mortality, but infection recurrence was higher in the PP than in the Pre-P (12.9% versus 11.4%; P < .05). The prevalence of nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria as causative agents in DFU infections increased during the PP. In particular, the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas spp. increased statistically during the PP. Conclusions: The rapid adaptation to the pandemic with the measures and changes developed by the multidisciplinary diabetic foot care committees may be the reasons why there was no increase in complications because of DFU during the pandemic in Turkey. © 2024, American Podiatric Medical Association. All rights reserved.Article Citation Count: 0Unveiling the application potential of PbMo0.75W0.25O4 crystal: Linear and nonlinear optical properties through ellipsometry(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Işık, Mehmet; Gasanly,N.M.; Department of Electrical & Electronics EngineeringPbMo0.75W0.25O4 compound is formed by replacing one quarter of the Mo atoms in the PbMoO4 with W atoms and has significant potential for optoelectronic applications. Optical properties of PbMo0.75W0.25O4 single crystal have been systematically investigated using ellipsometry measurements in the spectral range of 2.4–5.4 eV. The linear optical parameters, including refractive index, extinction coefficient, and absorption coefficient, were extracted from the obtained ellipsometry data. By analyzing spectral dependence of these parameters, band gap energy, critical point energy, and single effective oscillator parameters were determined. The refractive index spectrum was analyzed in the below band gap energy region by considering Cauchy and Sellmeier models. Additionally, nonlinear optical values were calculated, providing a comprehensive understanding of the optical properties of the PbMo0.75W0.25O4 single crystal. This study not only contributes to the fundamental understanding of the crystal's optical properties but also has potential implications for applications in optoelectronic devices and photovoltaics. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.Article Citation Count: 0A Comparative Analysis of XGBoost and LightGBM Approaches for Human Activity Recognition: Speed and Accuracy Evaluation(Prof.Dr. İskender AKKURT, 2024) Sezen, Arda; Türkmen,G.; Türkmen, Güzin; Computer EngineeringHuman activity recognition is the process of automatically identifying and classifying human activities based on data collected from different modalities such as wearable sensors, smartphones, or similar devices having necessary sensors or cameras capturing the behavior of the individuals. In this study, XGBoost and LightGBM approaches for human activity recognition are proposed and the performance and execution times of the proposed approaches are compared. The proposed methods on a dataset including accelerometer and gyroscope data acquired using a smartphone for six activities. The activities are laying, sitting, standing, walking, walking downstairs, and walking upstairs. The available dataset is divided into training and test sets, and proposed methods are trained using the training set, and tested on the test sets. At the end of the study, 97.23% accuracy using the LightGBM approach, and 96.67% accuracy using XGBoost is achieved. It is also found that XGBoost is faster than the LightGBM, whenever the execution times are compared. © IJCESEN.Conference Object Citation Count: 0A New E-Commerce Model Suggestion of Agricultural Products(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Eryılmaz, Meltem; Briman,M.K.H.; Yakut,G.; Computer EngineeringThis study aims to create an e-commerce application that enables farmers to sell their products directly to their customers without resorting to intermediaries by a smart cargo box. It presents a method by which the agricultural industry can gain momentum in e-commerce. The main contributions of the study are an e-commerce application that enables farmers to sell their products directly to the customer without the need for an intermediary and the design and implementation of a smart cargo box that is tailored to carry agricultural items throughout the delivery process that locks and unlocks only via QR code generated by the application after order. Django Framework Next.js, React.js, and Redux are used for the system development. The database is created with PostgreSQL using migrations, and Amazon Web Services is used for this database. The “ESP32 Cam” is used to read the QR Code. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.Article Citation Count: 0Effects of Sevoflurane and Fullerenol C60 on the Heart and Lung in Lower-Extremity Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mice(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Yığman, Zeynep; Alkan,M.; Dursun, Ali Doğan; Dağlı, Aslı; Dursun,A.D.; Dağlı,A.; Arslan,M.; Basic Sciences; Anesthesia ProgramBackground and Objectives: Lower-extremity ischemia–reperfusion injury can induce distant organ ischemia, and patients with diabetes are particularly susceptible to ischemia–reperfusion injury. Sevoflurane, a widely used halogenated inhalation anesthetic, and fullerenol C60, a potent antioxidant, were investigated for their effects on heart and lung tissues in lower-extremity ischemia–reperfusion injury in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 mice were divided into six groups: control (n = 6), diabetes–control (n = 7), diabetes–ischemia (n = 7), diabetes–ischemia–fullerenol C60 (n = 7), diabetes–ischemia–sevoflurane (n = 7), and diabetes–ischemia–fullerenol C60–sevoflurane (n = 7). Diabetes was induced in mice using a single intraperitoneal dose of 55 mg/kg STZ in all groups except for the control group. Mice in the control and diabetes–control groups underwent midline laparotomy and were sacrificed after 120 min. The DIR group underwent 120 min of lower-extremity ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. In the DIR-F group, mice received 100 μg/kg fullerenol C60 intraperitoneally 30 min before IR. In the DIR-S group, sevoflurane and oxygen were administered during the IR procedure. In the DIR-FS group, fullerenol C60 and sevoflurane were administered. Biochemical and histological evaluations were performed on collected heart and lung tissues. Results: Histological examination of heart tissues showed significantly higher necrosis, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, edema, and total damage scores in the DIR group compared to controls. These effects were attenuated in fullerenol-treated groups. Lung tissue examination revealed more alveolar wall edema, hemorrhage, vascular congestion, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, and higher total damage scores in the DIR group compared to controls, with reduced injury parameters in the fullerenol-treated groups. Biochemical analyses indicated significantly higher total oxidative stress, oxidative stress index, and paraoxonase-1 levels in the DIR group compared to the control and diabetic groups. These levels were lower in the fullerenol-treated groups. Conclusions: Distant organ damage in the lung and heart tissues due to lower-extremity ischemia–reperfusion injury can be significantly reduced by fullerenol C60. © 2024 by the authors.Article Citation Count: 0Crosslinked polyethyleneimine-based structures in different morphologies as promising CO2 adsorption systems: A comprehensive study(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) İnger, Erk; Inger,E.; Bhethanabotla,V.; Sahiner,N.; Airframe and Powerplant MaintenanceAlthough there are many studies on CO2 adsorption via PEI-modified carbon particles, metal–organic frameworks, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, and silica-based porous structures, only a limited number of studies on solely cross-linked PEI-based structures. Here, the CO2 adsorption capacities of PEI-based microgels and cryogels were investigated. The effects of various parameters influencing the CO2 adsorption capacity of PEI-based structures, for example, crosslinker types, PEI types (branched [bPEI] or linear [lPEI]), adsorbent types (microgel or cryogel), chemical-modification including their complexes were examined. NaOH-treated glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDE) crosslinked lPEI microgels exhibited higher CO2 adsorption capacity among other microgels with 0.094 ± 0.006 mmol CO2/g at 900 mm Hg, 25°C with 2- and 7.5-fold increase upon pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) modification and Ba(II) metal ion complexing, respectively. The CO2 adsorption capacity of bPEI and lPEI-based cryogels were compared and found that lPEI-GDE cryogels had higher adsorption capacity than bPEI-GDE cryogels with 0.188 ± 0.01 mmol CO2/g at 900 mm Hg and 25°C. The reuse studies revealed that NaOH-treated GDE crosslinked bPEI and lPEI microgels and cryogels showed promising potential, for example, after 10-times repeated use >50% CO2 adsorption capacity was retained. The results affirmed that PEI-based microgels and cryogels are encouraging materials for CO2 capture and reuse applications. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Conference Object Citation Count: 0Lyapunov-based Controller Design for Precise Monitoring, Speed Control and Trajectory Planning in Autonomous Tractors with Trailers;(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Doğan, Deren; Doğan,D.; Türken,Y.T.; Mechatronics EngineeringNowadays, modern technology-based agriculture operations are replacing traditional farming practices. Smart agricultural systems have gained popularity as a result of the demand for more productive and environmentally friendly farming methods. Consequently, the agricultural sector continues to be one of the driving forces behind automation, viewing technological advancements as a means of increasing productivity while lowering costs. Automation in agriculture ranges from tractors built with apparatus that can carry out complicated tasks on their own to cultivation surveillance. This study aims to optimize the speed of an autonomous tractor through a dynamic code based on Lyapunov control method as an innovative approach in smart agriculture. Beyond speed optimization, the research also addresses practical challenges encountered in real-world scenarios, including obstacles such as living entities. By evaluating the potential of Lyapunov control methodology in the effective management of agricultural machinery, this work offers an innovative perspective on smart agricultural technologies. © 2024 IEEE.Article Citation Count: 0RED VIENNA: IDEOLOGY, ARCHITECTURE AND ART IN THE REUMANNHOF MUNICIPAL SOCIAL HOUSING;(Middle East Technical University, 2024) Temel, Rabia; Temel,R.; Fine Arts and Elective CoursesThis study focuses on the Reumannhof Social Housing Complex, which was designed by Hubert Gessner (1871–1943) and constructed between 1924 and 1926 in Vienna. It was one of the largest buildings as part of the Municipal Social Housing Program for workers implemented under the leadership of Jakob Reumann, who was the mayor of Vienna between 1919 and 1923. According to the social democratic ideology in Vienna, known as the Red Vienna period (1919–1934) of the city administration, this program aimed to meet the housing needs of the working class and to provide them with better living conditions. Due to the increase in worker migration to the city after the Industrial Revolution and upon the demolition of the city during World War I, a housing crisis emerged in Vienna and unfavorable living conditions - such as one-room apartments and rental beds even for a few hours - became a necessity. The paper attempts to probe into the nature of the connection between the Reumannhof Complex architecture and the Red Vienna ideology in light of the social democratic perspective of the working class. In order to do so, the entire structure - known as “the palace of the working class” - is analyzed in detail while pointing to similar social housing complexes, such as Metzleinstalerhof on the Margaretengürtel known as “Proletarian’s Boulevard” and nearby. Additionally, the standardization criteria, as envisioned within the context of the social housing program, are examined to find out any traces of their presence (or improvements/modifications upon them) in the Reumannhof Complex. In the context of the political and socio-economic conditions of that era, a comparative analysis of the architectural elements and landscape architecture is conducted, such as courtyards and Haydnpark on the front in the latter case. Original archival documents, photographs, and drawings of the complex were collected and during the course of the field research, photographs were taken. © (2024), (Middle East Technical University). All rights reserved.Book Part Citation Count: 0Unpacking the black box: Exploring the intersection of trust and machine learning(Taylor and Francis, 2024) Tuzlukaya, Şule; Sözen,H.C.; Tuzlukaya,Ş.E.; BusinessArtificial intelligence can be defined as the efforts and methods to provide computers and information and communication technology elements with the competencies of human beings, artificially and virtually, in terms of analyzing, synthesizing, interpreting, inferring, thinking, and evaluating. Unlike previous traditional paradigms, artificial intelligence applications operate adaptively, consisting of various feedback loops during their performance to achieve computations with higher accuracy and success. The process and ability of artificial intelligence to be trained using specific methods with given data is called machine learning. As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly intertwined with human life, the issue of trust in this technology has also come to the forefront. In this chapter, we explore the intersection of trust and machine learning, delving into the details of the factors that contribute to trust in this technology and the potential consequences of a lack of trust. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Joanna Paliszkiewicz and Jerzy Gołuchowski; individual chapters, the contributors.Article Citation Count: 0Identification of shallow trap centers in InSe single crystals and investigation of their distribution: A thermally stimulated current spectroscopy(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Işık, Mehmet; Gasanly,N.M.; Department of Electrical & Electronics EngineeringIdentification of trap centers in semiconductors takes great importance for improving the performance of electronic and optoelectronic devices. In the present study, we employed the thermally stimulated current (TSC) method within a temperature range of 10–280 K to explore trap centers in InSe crystal—a material with promising applications in next-generation devices. Our findings revealed the existence of two distinct hole trap centers within the InSe crystal lattice located at 0.06 and 0.14 eV. Through the leveraging the Tstop method, we offered trap distribution parameters of revealed centers. The results obtained from the experimental methodology employed to investigate the distribution of trap centers indicated that one of the peaks extended between 0.06 and 0.13 eV, while the other spanned from 0.14 to 0.31 eV. Notably, our research uncovers a remarkable variation in trap density, spanning one order of magnitude, for every 10 and 88 meV of energy variation. The results of our research present the characteristics of shallow trap centers in InSe, providing important information for the design and optimization of InSe-based optoelectronic devices. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.Article Citation Count: 0SPACES AND PLACES OF MODERNITY AND THE MODERN ARTIST IN OĞUZ ATAY’S “RAILROAD STORYTELLERS - A DREAM”(Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, 2024) Aksoy, Nüzhet Berrin; English Translation and InterpretationThis paper examines Atay’s “Railroad Storytellers - A Dream” in terms of Atay’s modernist experimentation in his depiction of space and spatiality, emphasising his contribution to Turkish literature as a pioneer modernist author. Oğuz Atay’s distinctive and innovative style, which forms his affinities with the early Western modernists such as James Joyce and Virginia Woolf, establishes his significant place as a pioneer modernist author in Turkish literature in the 1970s. The concept of ‘house/ home’ by Gaston Bachelard in The Poetics of Space (1957, 2014) is instrumental for me as it pertains to the predicament of three storytellers as artists in the nameless and remote railroad station. The narrator of the story and his fellow storytellers gradually sink into disconnection, confusion, misery and poverty in an environment that represents the cold and unwelcoming face of technological modernisation symbolised by the space of the train station. The narrator’s quest for finding a ‘home’ to connect him to his readers and where he could exist as an artist comes to life in his attempt to write a letter to his readers, telling them he is still ‘here’ and asking them where they are. No matter how blighted that effort is since the narrator has no address to send the letters to, the endings for Atay’s story imply a need for connection with his readers expressed in the impossible meeting of the ‘here’ with the ‘where’ in spite or because of the estrangement and alienation of the artist/author in the modern world. Hence, the possibility of space as a ‘home’ for the author/narrator dwindles in the not forthcoming answer to the letter that will never reach its destination. Copyright © 2024 N. Berrin Aksoy.Article Citation Count: 0What to Consider at the Development of Educational Programs and Courses About Next-Generation Cyber-Physical Systems?(American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 2024) Erden, Zühal; Erden,Z.; Mechatronics EngineeringWe live in an age in which new things are emerging faster than their deep understanding. This statement, in particular, applies to doing research and educating university students concerning next-generation cyber-physical systems (NG-CPSs). The fast evolution of this system paradigm would have expected a rapid and comprehensive paradigmatic change in research and education concerning this family of systems. However, this has not happened yet. Seeking a sufficient explanation, this paper reviews the current literature and attempts to cast light on the most significant recent developments in the field of NG-CPSs. The main assumptions of the authors are that research and education should appear in harmony in academic knowledge acquisition and distribution processes and that the academic education of NG-CPSs should be organized and conducted according to a defendable future vision. Combining the results of a broadly based study of the literature with prognostic critical thinking and personal experiences, this review-based position paper first discusses the current sociotechno-scientific environment, the involved stakeholders, and the demands and two approaches of truly systems-oriented education. Then, it concentrates on (i) the recognized limitations of mono- and interdisciplinary research, (ii) supradisciplinary organization of research, and (iii) transdisciplinary knowledge generation for NG-CPSs. As main contributions, the paper (i) identifies and analyzes the latest theoretical, engineering, and technological developments, (ii) reveals the major trends and their presumably significant implications, and (iii) presents several thought-provoking findings and makes propositions about the desirable actions. Copyright © 2024 by ASME.Article Citation Count: 0Advanced 3D printed bone scaffolds with sodium alginate/Tri-calcium phosphate/probiotic bacterial hydroxyapatite: Enhanced mechanical and biocompatible properties for bone tissue engineering(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Şaşmazel, Hilal Türkoğlu; Emtiazi,G.; Ulag,S.; Gunduz,O.; Calikoglu Koyuncu,A.C.; Roghanian,R.; Sasmazel,H.T.; Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringIntroduction: The increasing prevalence of severe bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and critical bone defects, necessitates the development of more effective bone substitutes. This study addresses this need by investigating 3D-printed bone scaffolds composed of sodium alginate and tricalcium phosphate, enhanced with three distinct types of hydroxyapatite (HA): bovine-derived HA, commercially available HA, and HA enriched with probiotic bacteria. We aim to evaluate the performance of these scaffolds in terms of mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and their ability to support bone regeneration. Methods: The scaffolds were analyzed through various tests, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to characterization. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to examine pore structure, while swelling and degradation tests evaluated the scaffold's stability. Compression testing determined mechanical strength, and in vitro cell culture assays assessed cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and biomineralization. Results: SEM results indicated that 3D scaffolds with probiotic bacterial HA had the desired 472 μm pore size. These scaffolds demonstrated a strain of 29.26 % and a compressive strength of 10 MPa, meeting the mechanical standards of human trabecular bone. Cell culture studies revealed enhanced cell proliferation by 50 %, osteogenic differentiation with 15.3 U/mg ALP activity, and 1.22-fold biomineralization, suggesting they are highly biocompatible and promote bone growth. Conclusion: Probiotic bacterial HA scaffolds exhibit ideal properties and biocompatibility, enhancing bone regeneration and serving as an ideal alternative to chemical types. © 2024 Elsevier LtdReview Citation Count: 0Diagnostic use of circulating cells and sub-cellular bio-particles(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Tevlek,A.In the bloodstream or other physiological fluids, “circulating cells and sub-cellular bio-particles” include many microscopic biological elements such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), exosomes, microRNAs, platelets, immune cells, and proteins are the most well-known and investigated. These structures are crucial biomarkers in healthcare and medical research for the early detection of cancer and other disorders, enabling treatment to commence before the onset of clinical symptoms and enhancing the efficacy of treatments. As the size of these biomarkers to be detected decreases and their numbers in body fluids diminishes, the detection materials, ranging from visual inspection to advanced microscopy techniques, begin to become smaller, more sensitive, faster, and more effective, thanks to developing nanotechnology. This review first defines the circulating cells and subcellular bio-particles with their biological, physical, and mechanical properties and second focuses on their diagnostic importance, including their most recent applications as biomarkers, the biosensors that are utilized to detect them, the present obstacles that must be surmounted, and prospective developments in the domain. As technology advances and biomolecular pathways are deepens, diagnostic tests will become more sensitive, specific, and thorough. Finally, integrating recent advances in the diagnostic use of circulating cells and bioparticles into clinical practice is promising for precision medicine and patient outcomes. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
