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Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 9Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Mechanical Characteristics of Sillenite Compound: Bi12geo20<(Elsevier Science Sa, 2021) Surucu, Gokhan; Isik, Mehmet; Gencer, Aysenur; Gasanly, NizamiThe present study reports the mechanical and elastic characteristics of Bi12GeO20 (BGO) compound by experimental nanoindentation measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. X-ray diffraction pattern of BGO was plotted and revealed diffraction peaks were associated with Miller indices of cubic crystalline structure with lattice constant of a = 10.304 angstrom. Two- and three-dimensional representations of Young's modulus, linear compressibility, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio were presented according to DFT calculations. The calculated elastic constants pointed out the mechanically stable and anisotropic behavior of the BGO. The hardness and Young's modulus ranges of the BGO calculated from DFT studies were found as 3.7-6.3 GPa and 61.7-98.9 GPa, respectively. Hardness and Young's modulus of BGO single crystal were also obtained by analyzing force-dependent nanoindentation experimental data. It was observed that hardness and Young's modulus decrease with increase of load in the low applied loads and then reaches saturation in the high applied loads. This behavior is known as indentation size effect. True hardness value was determined from proportional specimen resistance model as 4.1 GPa. The force independent region presented the Young's modulus as 114 GPa. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 10Characterization of Properties of Vanadium, Boron and Strontium Addition on Hpdc of A360 Alloy(Elsevier Science Sa, 2021) Gursoy, Ozen; Colak, Murat; Tur, Kazim; Dispinar, DeryaThe demand for lighter weight decreased thickness and higher strength has become the focal point in the automotive industry. In order to meet such requirements, the addition of several alloying elements has been started to be investigated. In this work, the additions of V, B, and Sr on feedability and tensile properties of A360 has been studied. A mold design that consisted of test bars has been produced. Initially, a simulation was carried out to optimize the runners, filling, and solidification parameters. Following the tests, it was found that V addition revealed the highest UTS but low elongation at fracture, while B addition exhibited visa verse. On the other hand, impact energy was higher with B additions.Article Citation - WoS: 10Citation - Scopus: 10Determination of Mechanical Properties of Bi12tio20< Crystals by Nanoindentation(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Isik, M.; Gasanly, N. M.; Rustamov, F. A.Bi12TiO20 (BTO) single crystal was grown by Czochralski method and investigated mechanically by nano-indentation measurements. X-ray diffraction pattern of the crystal presented one intensive peak around 37.95 degrees associated with (330) plane of cubic crystalline structure. Nanoindentation experiments were performed at various loads between 5 and 100 mN. Hardness and Young's modulus of the crystal were determined by Oliver-Pharr method. The hardness-load dependency exhibited behavior of indentation size effect. True hardness value of BTO crystal was revealed as 4.4 GPa. Young's modulus decreased with increase of load and load-independent Young's modulus was found around 93 GPa at high loads. The load-dependent elastic and plastic deformation components were calculated and it was observed that the dominant component in BTO single crystal is plastic deformation at the applied loads. The present paper reports for the first time the mechanical characteristics of the BTO single crystal by carrying out nanoindentation experiments.Article Citation - WoS: 35Citation - Scopus: 35Friction Stir Processing of Dual Phase Steel: Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties(Elsevier Science inc, 2019) Aktarer, S. M.; Kucukomeroglu, T.; Davut, K.The influence of friction stir processing (FSP) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a DP 600 steel has been studied. The microstructure evolution during the FSP has been characterized using electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) technique and scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Standard tension and hardness tests were used to characterize the mechanical properties. The results show that the FSP produced a refined microstructure composed of ferrite, bainite, martensite, and tempered martensite which in turn increased the hardness and strength magnitudes by a factor of 1.5. The initially 2.83 mu m average grain size of ferrite has decreased to 0.79 mu m in the pin effected zone of (PE-SZ-I) of the processed region. Both EBSD and TEM observations showed regions with high dislocation density and sub-structures region in the processed zone. The grain size became coarser, the density of both dislocations and low-angle grain boundaries decrease, away from the processed zone. Moreover, phase fractions and hardness values were predicted using CALPHAD thermodynamic based software based on commercial material properties. Although the prediction does not take into consideration the influence of severe plastic deformation, the results were within 10% uncertainties of the experimental findings. The present study demonstrates that an ultra-fine grained structure can be obtained through the thickness of a 1.5 mm thick D P600 steel sheet via FSP. FSP can produce a range of different hardness and strength values; which can also be predicted successfully by inputting the composition and local temperatures reached during the FSP.Article Citation - WoS: 34Citation - Scopus: 37Characterization of Gas Tunnel Type Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite-Nanostructure Titania Composite Coatings(Elsevier, 2015) Yugeswaran, S.; Kobayashi, A.; Ucisik, A. Hikmet; Subramanian, B.Hydroxyapatite (HA) can be coated onto metal implants as a ceramic biocompatible coating to bridge the growth between implants and human tissue. Meanwhile many efforts have been made to improve the mechanical properties of the HA coatings without affecting its bioactivity. In the present study, nanostructure titania (TiO2) was mixed with HA powder and HA-nanostructure TiO2 composite coatings were produced by gas tunnel type plasma spraying torch under optimized spraying conditions. For this purpose, composition of 10 wt% TiO2 + 90 wt% HA, 20 wt% TiO2 + 80 wt% HA and 30 wt% TiO2 + 70 wt% HA were selected as the feedstock materials. The phase, microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were characterized. The obtained results validated that the increase in weight percentage of nanostructure TiO2 in HA coating significantly increased the microhardness, adhesive strength and wear resistance of the coatings. Analysis of the in vitro bioactivity and cytocompatibility of the coatings were done using conventional simulated body fluid (c-SBF) solution and cultured green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled marrow stromal cells (MSCs) respectively. The bioactivity results revealed that the composite coating has bio-active surface with good cytocompatibility. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 32Citation - Scopus: 35Mechanical, Thermal, Melt-Flow and Morphological Characterizations of Bentonite-Filled Abs Copolymer(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2020) Alhallak, Laylay Mustafa; Tirkes, Seha; Tayfun, UmitPurpose This study aims to investigate the mechanical, thermal, melt-flow and morphological behavior of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)-based composites after bentonite inclusions. Melt mixing is the most preferred production method in industrial scale and basically it has very near processing parameters compared to 3D printing applications. Rheological parameters of ABS and its composites are important for 3D applications. Melt flow behavior of ABS effects the fabrication of 3D printed product at desired levels. Shear thinning and non-Newtonian viscosity characteristics of ABS make viscosity control easier and more flexible for several processing techniques including injection molding, compression molding and 3D printing. Design/methodology/approach ABS copolymer was reinforced with bentonite mineral (BNT) at four different loading ratios of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. ABS/BNT composites were fabricated by lab-scale micro-compounder followed by injection molding process. Mechanical, thermo-mechanical, thermal, melt-flow and morphological properties of composites were investigated by tensile, hardness and impact tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), melt flow index (MFI) test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Findings Mechanical tests revealed that tensile strength, elongation and hardness of ABS were enhanced as BNT content increased. Glass transition temperature and storage modulus of ABS exhibited increasing trend with the additions of BNT. However, impact strength values dropped down with BNT inclusion. According to MFI test measurements, BNT incorporation displayed no significant change for MFI value of ABS. Homogeneous dispersion of BNT particles into ABS phase was deduced from SEM micrographs of composites. Loading ratio of 15% BNT was remarked as the most suitable candidate among fabricated ABS-based composites according to findings. Research limitations/implications The advanced mechanical properties and easy processing characteristics are the reasons for usage of ABS as an engineering plastic. Owing to the increase in its usage for 3D printing technology, the ABS became popular in recent years. The utilization of ABS in this technology is in filament form with various colors and dimensions. This is because of its proper rheological features. Practical implications Melt-mixing technique was used as preparation of composites, as this processing method is widely applied in industry. This method is also providing similar processing methodology with 3D printing technology. Originality/value According to the literature survey, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first research work regarding the melt-flow performance of ABS-based composites to evaluate their 3D printing applications and processability. ABS and BNT containing composites were characterized by tensile, impact and shore hardness tests, DMA, TGA), MFI test and SEM techniques.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 6Effect of Martensite Volume Fraction on Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Treated Aisi-4012 Sheet Steels(Carl Hanser verlag, 2010) Aksakal, B.; Karaca, F.; Arikan, R.Hot rolled AISI-4012 sheet steels have been heat treated to obtain a ductile dual phase microstructure. The specimens were heat treated in the ferrite (a) and austenite (7) phase region at temperatures of 740, 760, 790 and 820 degrees C and corresponding time intervals of 15, 30, 60 and 90 min and then quenched into water. Hardness measurements, tensile, bending, and impact tests were performed in order to determine the mechanical properties of the dual phase steel. These were examined with respect to the martensite volume fraction. Both the flow and tensile stresses increased whereas elongation decreased with increasing dual phase treatment temperature and martensite volume fraction. The optimum mechanical properties and the appropriate dual-phase microstructure are achieved at 740 and 760 degrees C annealing with subsequent water quenching. From examinations it was deduced that ductile fracture occurred in the tested samples.Article Citation - WoS: 127Citation - Scopus: 137Wire arc additive manufacturing of high-strength low alloy steels: study of process parameters and their influence on the bead geometry and mechanical characteristics(Springer London Ltd, 2020) Yildiz, Ahmet Suat; Davut, Kemal; Koc, Baris; Yilmaz, OguzhanAdditive manufacturing (AM) is becoming increasingly popular since it offers flexibility to produce complex designs with less tooling and minimum material at shorter lead times. Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a variant of additive manufacturing which allows economical production of large-scale and high-density parts. The WAAM process has been studied extensively on different steels; however, the influence of process parameters, specifically wire feed speed (WFS), travel speed (TS), and their ratio on bead geometry, microstructure, and mechanical properties, are yet to be studied. The present work aims at closing this gap by using the WAAM process with robotic cold metal transfer (CMT) technology to manufacture high-strength structural steel parts. For that purpose, single-bead welds were produced from HSLA steel by varying WFS between 5 and 10 m/min and the WFS to TS ratio between 10 and 20. Those variations produce heat inputs in the range of 266-619 J/mm. The results have shown that the wire feed speed to travel speed ratio is the major parameter to control the heat input. Increasing heat input increases characteristic bead dimension, whereas it reduces the hardness. In the second part of experiments, two single-bead walls were deposited via the parallel deposition strategy and one multiple-bead wall was produced using the oscillation strategy. The tensile properties were tested along two directions: parallel and perpendicular to deposition directions. For the yield strength and tensile strength, the difference between horizontally and vertically tested specimens was smaller than the standard deviations. On the other hand, the total and uniform elongation values exhibit up to 10% difference in the test direction, indicating anisotropy in ductility. Those tensile properties were attributed to repeated thermal cycles during the WAMM process, which can cause heat transfer in multiple directions. The yield strength of the multiple-bead wall produced via oscillation was lower, whereas its ductility was higher. The tensile properties and hardness differences were found to correlate well with the microstructure.Article Citation - WoS: 24Citation - Scopus: 24Anisotropic mechanical properties of Tl4Ag18Te11 compound with low thermal conductivity(Academic Press inc Elsevier Science, 2020) Gencer, Aysenur; Surucu, Ozge; Surucu, Gokhan; Deligoz, EnginThe anisotropic mechanical properties of Tl4Ag18Te11 compound was investigated elaborately for the first time by using Density Functional Theory calculations with the Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package in this work. Tl4Ag18Te11 compound was optimized in the I4mm space group and the formation energy was determined as a negative value that is the indication of the experimental synthesizability of this compound. The optimized crystal structure was employed for the calculations of the elastic constants and the obtained values revealed the mechanical stability of Tl4Ag18Te11 compound. The polycrystalline properties were determined such as shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, etc. In addition, the anisotropic elastic properties were presented. The direction dependent sound waves velocities, polarization of the sound waves, enhancement factor and the power flow angle were determined. The thermal conductivity studies were performed and the minimum thermal conductivity (0.259 W m(-1)K(-1)) and the diffusion thermal conductivity (0.202 W m(-1)K(-1)) were calculated. This study illustrates the capability of this compound for the thermoelectric materials.Article Citation - WoS: 22Citation - Scopus: 24Mechanical and Biological Properties of Al2o3< and Tio2 Co-Doped Zirconia Ceramics(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2017) Agac, Ozlem; Gozutok, Melike; Sasmazel, Hilal Turkoglu; Ozturk, Abdullah; Park, JongeeVarious amounts (ranging from 0 to 2 wt%) of TiO2 and Al2O3 were mono and co-doped to tetragonal zirconia ceramic containing 3 mol% yttria (3Y-TZP) by mechanical ball milling. Powders were compacted by uniaxial pressing at a pressure of 23 MPa. The compacts were pressureless sintered at 1450 degrees C for 2 h. Density, hardness, fracture toughness, and cell attachment of the co-doped 3Y-TZP ceramics were measured with respect to dopant addition to determine the effects of the kind and amount of dopants on the properties. The results show that density decreased gradually as the amount of dopant was increased. The mechanical properties showed the maximum value when 0.5 wt% TiO2 and 1.0 wt% Al2O3 were co-doped to 3Y-TZP. Crystalline phase formation and microstructural morphology were investigated by XRD and SEM analyses to explain the variations in the properties. Co-doping of TiO2 and Al2O3 to 3Y-TZP did not have an influence on the phases present, but decreased the grain size. The co-doping also affected the cell attachment and the growth on the surface of the zirconia ceramics.
