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Article Citation - WoS: 62Citation - Scopus: 70Kinetic Studies on the Multi-Enzyme Solution Produced Via Solid State Fermentation of Waste Bread by aspergillus Awamori(Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Melikoglu, Mehmet; Lin, Carol Sze Ki; Webb, ColinThe aim of this study was kinetic analysis of the multi-enzyme solution produced from waste bread via solid state fermentation by Aspergillus awamori. It was found that at normal temperature for hydrolysis reactions, 60 degrees C, the activation energies for denaturation of A. awamori glucoamylase, 176.2 kJ/mol, and protease, 149.9 kJ/mol, are much higher than those for catalysis of bread starch, 46.3 kJ/mol, and protein, 36.8 kJ/mol. Kinetic studies showed that glucoamylase and protease in the multi-enzyme solution should have at least two conformations under the two temperature ranges: 30-55 degrees C and 60-70 degrees C. Thermodynamic analysis showed that, deactivation of glucoamylase and protease in the multi-enzyme solution can be reversible between 30 degrees C and 55 degrees C, since Delta S is negative and Delta H is positive. On the other hand, for glucoamylase and protease, both Delta S and Delta H are positive between 60 degrees C and 70 degrees C. This means that the deactivation of both enzymes in the multi-enzyme solution is spontaneous in this temperature range. It was also found that the glucoamylase produced in the solid state fermentation of waste bread is more thermally stable than the protease in the mixture. Consequently, the protease had little or no effect on the stability of the glucoamylase. Furthermore, the half-life of the glucoamylase produced from waste bread pieces was much higher than that produced from wheat flour. This is an important finding because the mode of production, via solid state fermentation, appears to have increased the thermostability of the enzyme significantly. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 28Citation - Scopus: 30Functionalized Polysulfide Copolymers With 4-Vinylpyridine Via Inverse Vulcanization(Elsevier Science Bv, 2019) Berk, Hasan; Balci, Burcu; Ertan, Salih; Kaya, Murat; Cihaner, AtillaA new series of functional polysulfide copolymers called poly(sulfur-random-4-vinylpyridine) (poly(S-r-4VP)) was synthesized via inverse vulcanization technique by ring opening polymerization of elemental sulfur in the presence of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP). The corresponding copolymers can be post functionalized by using amine group in 4VP unit to get polymers bearing various properties. Elemental sulfur was heated up to 160 degrees C and 4VP was added slowly to a clear yellowish orange colored liquid at this temperature. The reaction mixture was vitrified to form a reddish-brown polymeric material at 180 degrees C in 1 h. The products were characterized by using FTIR, NMR, and Raman spectroscopic techniques. Poly(S-r-4VP) copolymers are soluble in common solvents like dichloromethane, chloroform and tetrahydrofuran. Weight-average molecular weights of poly(S-r-4VP) copolymers with different wt% 4VP were measured by using gel permeation chromatography technique. The polysulfide copolymers with different wt% 4VP have high weight-average molecular weights with polydispersity indeces (PDI) in a range from 1.88 to 4.06 measured by gel permeation chromatography. Post functionalization of the copolymer with 50 wt% 4VP as an example was performed successfully by using alkyl bromide to get N-alkyl quaternized 4VP in polymer backbone.Article Citation - WoS: 22Citation - Scopus: 21Synthesis and Thermoluminescence Properties of Rare Earth Oxides (y, Ce-Lu) Doped Lithium Triborate(Elsevier Science Bv, 2011) Depci, Tolga; Ozbayoglu, Gulhan; Yilmaz, AysenLithium triborate (LiB(3)O(5)) was synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction method, and then rare earth oxides were doped into LiB(3)O(5) to enhance its thermoluminescent (TL) properties. The identification and characteristics of the obtained compounds were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses, differential thermal analyses (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The glow curves were obtained using a thermoluminescent (TL) reader. The results revealed that all the rare earth oxides were not good activators for lithium triborate and the obtained compounds could not be used for dosimetric applications.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 17Citation - Scopus: 23Maintenance, Sustainability and Extendibility in Virtual and Remote Laboratories(Elsevier Science Bv, 2011) Kara, Ali; Ozbek, Mehmet Efe; Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Aydin, ElifThis study presents discussions on sustainability of Virtual and Remote Laboratories (VRL), and provides challenges toward maintenance of VRLs. Technical and pedagogical issues in extension and sustenance of VRLs are discussed with the experiences of the authors gained in the development of a VRL system, European Remote Radio Laboratory (ERRL) platform. Moreover, the study presents actions to be taken in sustenance plan and expendability of VRL system with the advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and educational technologies along with the needs of educators and learners in formal education. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Article Citation - WoS: 51Citation - Scopus: 54Atomic Layer Deposition-sio2 Layers Protected Pdconi Nanoparticles Supported on Tio2 Nanopowders: Exceptionally Stable Nanocatalyst for the Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid(Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Caner, Nurdan; Bulut, Ahmet; Yurderi, Mehmet; Ertas, Ilknur Efecan; Kivrak, Hilal; Kaya, Murat; Zahmakiran, MehmetTiO2 nanopowders supported trimetallic PdCoNi alloy nanoparticles were simply and reproducibly prepared by wet-impregnation followed by simultaneous reduction method, then to enhance their stability against to sintering and leaching atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique was utilized to grow SiO2 layers amongst these surface bound PdCoNi alloy nanoparticles (PdCoNi/TiO2-ALD-SiO2). These new nanomaterials are characterized by the combination of complimentary techniques and sum of their results exhibited that the formation of ALD-SiO2 layers protected well-dispersed and highly crystalline PdCoNi alloy nanoparticles (ca. 3.52 nm) supported on TiO2 nanopowders. The catalytic performance of the resulting PdCoNi/TiO2-ALD-SiO2 in terms of activity, selectivity and stability was investigated in the dehydrogenation of aqueous formic acid (HCOOH), which has recently been suggested as a promising hydrogen storage material with a 4.4 wt% hydrogen capacity, solution under mild conditions. The results collected from our systematic studies revealed that PdCoNi/TiO2-ALD-SiO2 nanomaterial can act as highly active and selective nanocatalyst in the formic acid dehydrogenation at room temperature by providing an initial turnover frequency (TOF) value of 207 mol H-2/mol metal;: h and >99% of dehydrogenation selectivity at almost complete conversion. More importantly, the catalytic reusability experiments separately carried out with PdCoNi/TiO2-ALD-SiO2 and PdCoNi/TiO2 nanocatalysts in the dehydrogenation of formic acid under more forcing conditions pointed out that PdCoNi/TiO2-ALD-SiO2 nanocatalyst displays unprecedented catalytic stability against to leaching and sintering throughout the reusability experiments it retains almost its inherent activity, selectivity and conversion even at 20th reuse, whereas analogous PdCoNi/TiO2 completely lost its catalytic performance. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 12Effect of Au Nanosandwiching on the Structural, Optical and Dielectric Properties of the as Grown and Annealed Inse Thin Films(Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Omareya, Olfat A.; Qasrawi, A. F.; Al Garni, S. E.In the current work, the structural, optical and dielectric properties of the InSe/Au/InSe nanosandwiched structures are investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and UV-visible light spectrophotometry techniques. The insertion of a 20 and 100 nm thick Au metal slabs between two InSe layers did not alter the amorphous nature of the as grown InSe films but decreased the energy band gap and the free carrier density. It also increased; the absorption ratio and the values of dielectric constant by similar to 3 times. The insertion of 100 nm Au layers as a nanosandwich enhanced the drift mobility (31.3 cm(2)/V s) and plasmon frequency (1.53 GHz) of the InSe films. On the other hand, upon annealing, a metal induced crystallization process is observed for the InSe/Au (100 nm)/InSe sandwiches. Particularly, while the samples sandwiched with a layer of 20 nm thickness hardly revealed hexagonal gamma -In2Se3 when annealed at 300 degrees C, those sandwiched with 100 nm Au slab, displayed well crystalline phase of hexagonal gamma -In2Se3 at annealing temperature of 200 degrees C. The further annealing at 300 degrees C, forced the appearing of the orthorhombic In4Se3 phase. Optically, the annealing of the InSe/Au(100 nm)/InSe at 200 degrees C improved the absorption ratio by similar to 9 times and decreased the energy band gap. The nanosandwiching technique of InSe seems to be promising for the engineering of the optical properties of the InSe photovoltaic material.Article Citation - WoS: 14Citation - Scopus: 15Global asymptotic stability of 2-D state-space digital filters with saturation arithmetic: Modified approach(Elsevier Science Bv, 2008) Singh, VimalA criterion for the global asymptotic stability of 2-D state-space digital filters described by the Roesser model employing state saturation arithmetic is presented. The criterion is a modified form of a recently reported criterion. An example shows the effectiveness of the modified criterion. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 5On the Sums of Distributions of Order Statistics From Exchangeable Random Variables(Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Eryilmaz, SerkanIn this paper, we obtain an expression between the sums of the marginal distributions of the order statistics and the common marginal distribution of an exchangeable random sequence. We also derive an expression between the sums of the joint distribution of two order statistics and the two dimensional joint distribution of an exchangeable random sequence. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 12Discrete Time Shock Models Involving Runs(Elsevier Science Bv, 2015) Eryilmaz, SerkanIn this paper, three different discrete time shock models are studied. In the first model, the failure occurs when the additively accumulated damage exceeds a certain level while in the second model the system fails upon the local damage caused by the consecutively occurring shocks. The third model is a mixed model and combines the first and second models. The survival functions of the systems under these models are obtained when the occurrences of the shocks are independent, and when they are Markov dependent over the periods. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 8Awareness of the concept of universal design in design education(Elsevier Science Bv, 2012) Helvacioglu, Elif; Karamanoglu, Nazli NazendeDesign professions, principally architecture, interior architecture, landscape design, industrial design and graphic design have to attach importance to create environments and products that derives an accessible design by all user groups. Though Universal Design (UD) is a critical approach to design practices, it is not taking a part as a separate and must course in the curriculum of design and architecture schools. Most likely, it is taking a part as an elective course in the curriculum. Therefore graduation from design schools is formulated as having no any inclusion of UD. This study is designed to highlight the importance of UD in the education process of the design professions and to raise awareness on that concept. The awareness of UD as a term and its context in the light of its principles were investigated by interviewing students from the department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design from Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey. The results of the study indicated that, there is not enough incorporation of UD in design education as the majority of the participants did not know the concept and its content. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Prof. Ayse Cakir Ilhan
