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Article Citation - WoS: 1A NEW FORMULATION FOR THE BOUNDARY ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF HEAT CONDUCTION PROBLEMS WITH NONLINEAR BOUNDARY CONDITIONS(Turkish Soc thermal Sciences Technology, 2019) Baranoglu, BesimAn effective numerical method based on the boundary element formulation is presented to solve heat conduction equations which are governed by the Fourier equation, with nonlinear boundary conditions on one or more sections of the prescribed boundary. The solution involves the manipulation of the system matrices of the boundary element method and obtaining a smaller ranked matrix equation in which the unknown is only the temperature difference over the nonlinear boundary condition region. This way, the iterations to deal with the nonlinear conditions are performed faster. After finding the solution over the nonlinear boundary condition region, the solution over the entire boundary is obtained as a post-process through a prescribed relation. An example with a proven exact solution is employed to assess the results.Article $cuınse_2$ ve $cugase_2$ İnce Filmlerin Özellikleri Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Çalışma(2019) Candan, İdris; Güllü, Hasan HüseyinCu(In1-xGax)Se2 (CIGS) yarıiletken ince filmlerin iki kenar noktası olan x=0 ($CuInSe_2$) ve x=1 ($CuGaSe_2$) ince filmleri, Cu, InSe ve GaSe hedeflerden saçtırma yöntemi ile 250 oC sıcaklıkta soda lime cam alttaşlar üzerine kaplandı. In ve Ga oranı ve üretim sonrası ısıl işlemin CuInSe2 (CIS) ve CuGaSe2 (CGS) ince filmlerin özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırıldı. Üretilmiş filmlerin yapısal özelliklerini incelemek için X-ışını kırınımı (XRD) ve örneklerin bileşenleri enerji dağılımlı X-ışını kırınımı analizi (EDXA) yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edildi. İnce film örneklerinin Raman aktif modlarının tayini için oda sıcaklığında Raman spektroskopi ölçümleri yapıldı. 400 oC sıcaklıkta ısıl işlem uygulanmış CIS ve CGS ince film örneklerinin en aktif modları (A1 modu) en yoğun çizgilerin sırayla 178 cm^{-1} ve 185 $cm^{-1}$ olduğu gözlendi. Bu mod kalkopirit yapıların Raman spektroskopisinde gözlemlenen en güçlü moddur. Isıl işlem uygulanmamış ve 350 oC’ta ısıl işlem uygulanmış CGS örneklerinde 486 $cm^{-1}$ çizgisi gözlenmiş olmasına rağmen bu çizginin yoğunluğu artan ısıl işlem sıcaklığı ile ters orantılı olarak azaldığı ve 400 oC uygulanan ısıl işlem sonrası tamamen yok olduğu gözlenmiştir. Üretilen CIS ve CGS ince filmlerin optik geçirgenlik ölçümleri sonucunda ısıl işlem uygulanmayan filmler ve at 400 oC sıcaklıkta ısıl işlem uygulanan filmler için optik bant aralıklarındaki değişim değerleri CIS için 1.28 eV ile 1.45 eV, CGS için 1.68 eV ile 1.75 eV aralıklarında değiştiği hesaplandı. Numunelerin oda sıcaklığındaki elektriksel iletkenlikleri ısıl işlem öncesi ve 400 oC ısıl işlem sonrasında n-CIS için sırayla 8.6x$10^{-3}$ ve 13.6x$10^{-2}$ $\\;{(Ω.cm)}^{-1}$ , p-CGS için sırayla 1.6 and 1.9 $\\;{(Ω.cm)}^{-1}$ olarak ölçüldü.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 10Comparison of Three Different Learning Methods of Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network for Wind Speed Forecasting(Gazi Univ, 2021) Bulut, Mehmet; Tora, Hakan; Buaisha, Dr.magdi; Buaisha, MagdiIn the world, electric power is the highest need for high prosperity and comfortable living standards. The security of energy supply is an essential concept in national energy management. Therefore, ensuring the security of electricity supply requires accurate estimates of electricity demand. The share of electricity generation from renewables is significantly growing in the world. This kind of energy types are dependent on weather conditions as the wind and solar energies. There are two vital requirements to locate and measure specific systems to utilize wind power: modelling and forecasting of the wind velocity. To this end, using only 4 years of measured meteorological data, the present research attempts to estimate the related speed of wind within the Libyan Mediterranean coast with the help of ANN (artificial neural networking) with three different learning algorithms, which are Levenberg-Marquardt, Bayesian Regularization and Scaled Conjugate Gradient. Conclusions reached in this study show that wind speed can be estimated within acceptable limits using a limited set of meteorological data. In the results obtained, it was seen that the SCG algorithm gave better results in tests in this study with less data.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 1Hydrogen Implantation Effects on the Electrical and Optical Properties of Inse Thin Films(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2012) Qasrawi, Atef Fayez; Ilaiwi, Khaled Faysal; Polimeni, AntonioThe effects of hydrogen ion implantation on the structural, electrical and optical properties of amorphous InSe thin films have been investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed no change in the structure of the films. An implantation of 7.3 x 10(18) ions/cm(2) decreased the electrical conductivity by three orders of magnitude at 300 K. Similarly, the conductivity activation energy, which was calculated in the temperature range of 300-420 K, decreased from 210 to 78 meV by H-ion implantation. The optical measurements showed that the direct allowed transitions energy band gap of amorphous InSe films has decreased from 1.50 to 0.97 eV by implantation. Furthermore, significant decreases in the dispersion and oscillator energy, static refractive index and static dielectric constants are also observed by hydrogen implantation.Article On Stationarity of Variance Calculation Series(2023) Yucesan, OngunWhile making reliability observations, more samples mean one can make a statistically representative prediction. It is possible to model the failure arrival characteristics statistically using this knowledge. As a natural product of many experiments, a mean and variance figure can be identified for modelling the different occurrences. Even though the different situations can be modelled with such parameters, it may not wholly outline the condition of the product being developed and under test. The variance calculation series derived from the original reliability observation series, which is normally used for simple variance calculation, can be an important consideration. This consideration is rarely encountered. With a mean and a variance figure, a statistical prediction can be made. However, with the very same parameters, another reliability characteristic possessing product or a subcomponent may exist. For this instance, identifying whether the variance calculation series has stationarity and incorporating it in calculations can yield a possible prediction of a more accurate statistical model. In this study, the variance calculation series is considered for their stationary character at hand and is shown to possess such character yielding further modelling possibilities and emphasizing the importance of this consideration.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 6Exact and Nonstandard Finite Difference Schemes for the Burgers Equation B(2, 2)(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Köroğlu, Canan; Aydın, AyhanIn this paper, we consider the Burgers equation B(2, 2) . Exact and nonstandard finite difference schemes(NSFD) for the Burgers equation B(2, 2) are designed. First, two exact finite difference schemes for the Burgers equationB(2, 2) are proposed using traveling wave solution. Then, two NSFD schemes are represented for this equation. Thesetwo NSFD schemes are compared with a standard finite difference (SFD) scheme. Numerical results show that the NSFDschemes are accurate and efficient in the numerical simulation of the kink-wave solution of the B(2, 2) equation. We seethat although the SFD scheme yields numerical instability for large step sizes, NSFD schemes provide reliable results forlong time integration. Local truncation errors show that the NSFD schemes are consistent with the B(2, 2) equation.Article New Conservative Schemes for Zakharov Equation(Association of Mathematicians (MATDER), 2023) Aydin,A.; Sabawe,B.A.K.New first-order and second-order energy preserving schemes are proposed for the Zakharov system. The methods are fully implicit and semi-explicit. It has been found that the first order method is also massconserving. Concrete schemes have been applied to simulate the soliton evolution of the Zakharov system. Numerical results show that the proposed methods capture the remarkable features of the Zakharov equation. We have obtained that the semi-explicit methods are more efficient than the fully implicit methods. Numerical results also demonstrate that the new energy-preserving schemes accurately simulate the soliton evolution of the Zakharov system. © MatDer.Article Synthesis and Investigation of Structural-Mechanical Properties of C-Bn Based Bn Thin Films(2017) Efeoğlu, İhsan; Totik, Yaşar; Keleş, Ayşenur; Ersoy, Kıvılcım; Durkaya, Göksel; Dayauç, Ayşenur KeleşC-BN films are candidate material to diamond due to their promising properties. Although some properties of c-BN films are better than diamond, adhesion properties between the substrate and the film are very poor. In this study, c-BN films were deposited by closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering system onto 4140 steels in Ar/N2 atmosphere. The c-BN films coated in three different N2flow rates. The coated specimens were characterized by SEM and X-ray diffraction techniques. The bonding state of B, N and C elements were obtained using XPS. The mechanical properties of the c-BN films were tested by micro-indentation. The adhesion properties between substrate and the film were investigated by using scratch test. The tribological properties were carried out using pin-on-disc in atmospheric conditions. Our results showed that the c-BN films exhibited very dense and columnar microstructure. The maximum critical load was read 23 N in the softest c-BN film. The maximum and minimum hardness were measured 69 GPa and 33 GPa, respectively. When the hardness was increased the friction coefficient was decreased. The lowest friction coefficient (0.15) was obtained from the hardest film and the highest friction coefficient (0.65) was obtained from the lowest hardness
