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Article Citation - WoS: 20Citation - Scopus: 23A Novel Comfort Temperature Determination Model Based on Psychology of the Participants for Educational Buildings in a Temperate Climate Zone(Elsevier, 2023) Ozbey, Mehmet Furkan; Turhan, CihanMaintaining thermal comfort in the educational buildings is vital due to the impacts on learning effectiveness of students. Therefore, development of a proper comfort temperature in educational buildings is a must. In naturally ventilated and mixed-mode buildings, the adaptive thermal comfort model, which considers additively psychological, and behavioural factors to the Fanger's PMV/PPD model, is commonly applied based on regression analyses. However, the psychological adjustments based on current mood state are very limited in these adaptive thermal comfort models. Therefore, this study focuses on the psychological adjustments in terms of Profile of Mood States in order to predict comfort temperature of students in a case building. The experiments are conducted in a university on a temperate climate zone for a long period-data including both heating and cooling seasons. In this study, the comfort temperatures for each student are determined via Griffith method for the case building. Moreover, the current mood states of students are assessed utilizing the Profile of Mood States survey, which are collected via a developed mobile application. As a conclusion, the relation between the current mood state of the students and comfort temperature are statistically investigated. The results show that a Griffith constant are found as 0.332/K and mean annual comfort temperature is found as 21.32 degrees C in the case building. Additionally, a significant difference is found in the comfort temperatures among the students who have more, or fewer concerns than typically reported. The novelty of the study is to present a comfort temperature determination model which considers human psychology as a starter study in the literature.Article İÇ HAVA SICAKLIĞI VE OPERATİF SICAKLIK BAZLI HVAC SİSTEMLERİNİN ISIL KONFOR VE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ BAKIMINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI(2020) Turhan, CihanIsıtma, Soğutma ve Havandırma (HVAC) sistemlerinin ana amacı kullanıcılar için ısıl konforu sağlamaktır. Geleneksel olarak, HVAC sistemleri ısıl konforu sağlayabilmek için iç hava sıcaklığını sürekli ölçerek set-değerlerini ayarlar. Ancak, bir kabül edilebilir ısıl çevre standardı olan ASHRAE 55, iklimlendirilmiş binalar için operatif sıcaklık kabül aralıklarını kullanmayı önermektedir. Operatif sıcaklığın, iç hava sıcaklığı ve ortalama radyant sıcaklığın bir fonksiyonu olduğu düşünülürse, kullanıcıların nötr ısıl konforunun sağlanması için HVAC sistemlerinin set-değerleri operatif sıcaklığa göre kontrol edilebilir. Bu çalışma, biri operatif sıcaklık ve diğeri iç hava sıcaklığı bazlı aynı özellikteki iki oda bulunan aynı özellikteki iki HVAC sistemini ısıl konfor ve enerji tüketimi bakımından karşılaştırmaktadır. Örnek çalışma olarak, Ankara-Türkiye’de bulunan aynı mimari özelliklerdeki iki ofis odası seçilmiştir. HVAC sistemleri aynı zamanda ve aynı doluluk oranlarında ayrı ayrı operatif sıcaklık ve iç hava sıcaklığı bazlı kontrol edilerek çalıştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, operatif bazlı HVAC sisteminin enerji tüketimini az da olsa arttırdığını fakat daha iyi ısıl konfor sağladığını göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları sadece enerji verimli HVAC sistemleri tasarlamak için değil, daha konforlu ortamlar yaratmak açısından da yol gösterici olacaktır.Conference Object Mold Growth Affecting the Achievement of NZEB in the Long Term in Tropical Climates(Free University of Bozen Bolzano, 2025) Carpino, Cristina; Austin, Miguel Chen; Turhan, Cihan; Mora, Dafni Y.; Arcuri, N.The net-zero energy concept significantly impacts global goals regarding energy accessibility (SDG 7) and responsible consumption (SDG 12), particularly in the building sector, which accounts for substantial energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. While extensive research on Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) has focused on the global north, tropical regions require further study, where high solar radiation, temperatures, and humidity challenge building performance throughout the year. Addressing problems like mold growth caused by these tropical climate aspects can undermine NZEB's performance. This study aims to evaluate the impact of mold growth on a representative building under the tropical climate of Panama City (high temperatures and humidity) and Boquete (low temperatures and high humidity). Long-term hygrothermal and energy performance analyses are conducted using simulation software to assess when and how mold growth affects building performance. Mold can harm the health of occupants and increase energy consumption, as additional humidity control devices may be required after the building's design phase. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 5Impact of Green Wall and Roof Applications on Energy Consumption and Thermal Comfort for Climate Resilient Buildings(Mdpi, 2025) Turhan, Cihan; Carpino, Cristina; Austin, Miguel Chen; Ozbey, Mehmet Furkan; Akkurt, Gulden GokcenNowadays, reducing energy consumption and obtaining thermal comfort are significant for making educational buildings more climate resilient, more sustainable, and more comfortable. To achieve these goals, a sustainable passive method is that of applying green walls and roofs that provide extra thermal insulation, evaporative cooling, a shadowing effect, and the blockage of wind on buildings. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of green wall and roof applications on energy consumption and thermal comfort in an educational building. For this purpose, a university building in the Csb climate zone is selected and monitored during one year, as a case study. Then, the case building is modelled in a well-calibrated dynamic building energy simulation tool and twenty-one different plant species, which are mostly used for green walls and roofs, are applied to the envelope of the building in order to determine a reduction in energy consumption and an increase in thermal comfort. The Hedera canariensis gomera (an ivy species) plant is used for green walls due to its aesthetic appeal, versatility, and functional benefits while twenty-one different plants including Ophiopogon japonicus (Mando-Grass), Phyllanthus bourgeoisii (Waterfall Plant), and Phoenix roebelenii (Phoenix Palm) are simulated for the green roof applications. The results show that deploying Hedera canariensis gomera to the walls and Phyllanthus bourgeoisii to the roof could simultaneously reduce the energy consumption by 9.31% and increase thermal comfort by 23.55% in the case building. The authors acknowledge that this study is solely based on simulations due to the high cost of all scenarios, and there are inherent differences between simulated and real-world conditions. Therefore, the future work will be analysing scenarios in real life. Considering the limited studies on the effect of different plant species on energy performance and comfort, this study also contributes to sustainable building design strategies.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Recycling Decommissioned Wind Turbine Blades for Post-Disaster Housing Applications(Mdpi, 2025) Turhan, Cihan; Durak, Murat; Saleh, Yousif Abed Saleh; Kalayci, AlperThe growing adoption of wind energy has resulted in an increasing number of decommissioned wind turbine blades, which pose significant disposal challenges due to their size, material composition, and environmental impact. Recycling these blades has thus become essential. To this aim, this study explores the potential of using recycled wind turbine blades in post-disaster housing applications and examines the feasibility of re-purposing these durable composite materials to create robust, cost-effective, and sustainable building solutions for emergency housing. A case study of a post-earthquake relief camp in Hatay, T & uuml;rkiye, affected by the 2023 earthquake, is used for analysis. First, the energy consumption of thirty traditional modular container-based post-disaster housing units is simulated with a dynamic building simulation tool. Then, the study introduces novel wind turbine blade-based housing (WTB-bH) designs developed using the same simulation tool. The energy consumption of these (WTB-bH) units is compared to that of traditional containers. The results indicate that using recycled wind turbine blades for housing not only contributes to waste reduction but also achieves 27.3% energy savings compared to conventional methods. The novelty of this study is in demonstrating the potential of recycled wind turbine blades to offer durable and resilient housing solutions in post-disaster situations and to advocate for integrating this recycling method into disaster recovery frameworks, highlighting its ability to enhance sustainability and resource efficiency in construction. Overall, the output of this study may help to present a compelling case for the innovative reuse of decommissioned wind turbine blades, providing an eco-friendly alternative to traditional waste disposal methods while addressing critical needs in post-disaster scenarios.Article Akıllı Bina Uygulamalarındaki Havalandırma Sıstemı Kontrol Stratejılerınde Kullanıcı Sayısı Tespıtı Temellı Yenı Bır Yaklaşım(2021) Turhan, Cihan; Çeter, Aydın EgeBinalarda kullanılan geleneksel havalandırma sistemleri tutarlı bir şekilde işlevini yerine getirmesine karşın, iç ortamda yeterli konforu sağlamamaktadır. Akıllı havalandırma sistemleri ise enerji tüketimini en aza indirirken, istenilen iç hava kalitesini sağlamak için iç ortam parametrelerini isteğe bağlı olarak kullanıcı sayısı tespiti ile ayarlamaktadır. Kabul edilebilir iç hava kalitesi için havalandırma gereksinimlerini düzenleyen ASHRAE 62 standardı, zamandan bağımsız kullanıcı sayısı tespit algoritmaları kullanmaktadır. Ancak bu tip simülasyon çalışmalarında dinamik metot ve algoritmaların kullanılması gerekmektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Ankara ATILIM Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi’nde yer alan bir ofis alanında, kullanıcı sayısı tespiti ile yeni bir dinamik havalandırma sistemi kontrol stratejisi geliştirilmiştir. Bu algoritma, karbondioksit konsantrasyonu, iç hava sıcaklığı ve kapı konumunu tespit eden bir dizi sensör yardımı ile elde edilmiştir. Üretilen prototip, HVAC sistemin hava akışını düzenlemektedir ve gerçek koşullarda test edilmiştir. Geliştirilen yeni yöntemin testleri 1 Ocak 2020 – 15 Ağustos 2020 tarihleri arasında yapılmış olup, termal konfor ve enerji tüketimi bağlamında geleneksel HVAC yönetim sistemi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre yeni kontrol stratejisi ve prototipin enerji tüketimini %16 azalttığını, aynı zamanda kişilerin %94’ünün ısıl konforu sağladığı tespit edilmiştir.Article Citation - WoS: 21Citation - Scopus: 24Thermal Comfort Analysis of Historical Mosques. Case Study: the Ulu Mosque, Manisa, Turkey(Elsevier Science Sa, 2021) Diler, Yusuf; Turhan, Cihan; Arsan, Zeynep Durmus; Akkurt, Gulden GokcenMosques are sanctuary places for Muslims where they can perform their religious activities and also can communicate with each other. On the other hand, historical mosques may contain artworks which have cultural heritage values. These mosques originally have not any Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning systems. For this reason, obtaining thermal comfort becomes a significant issue. In this study, a systematic approach on monitoring and evaluating thermal comfort of historical mosques were developed. As a case study, The Ulu Mosque, Manisa/Turkey was monitored from 2015 to 2018, and thermal comfort evaluation of the mosque was conducted during prayer times based on the method provided by ISO 7730. A dynamic Building Energy Performance Software, DesignBuilder, was used to model the mosque, and the model was calibrated by using hourly indoor temperature data. The calibrated model was then used to evaluate existing conditions of the mosque and develop retrofitting scenarios in order to increase thermal comfort of prayers. Thirteen different scenarios were proposed to improve thermal comfort of prayers during worship periods. The results were evaluated according to EN 16883 for conservation of cultural heritage of the mosque. Electrical radiator heating with intermittent operating schedules was obtained as the best scenario to protect cultural heritage via artworks, while decreasing disssatisfaction level of the prayers from 45% to 10% in winter months. Additionally, intermittent operation saved 46.9% of energy compared to continuous operating schedule. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 20Citation - Scopus: 21Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Current Mood States on the Thermal Sensation in Educational Buildings(Wiley-hindawi, 2022) Ozbey, Mehmet Furkan; Ceter, Aydin Ege; Orfioglu, Sevval; Alkan, Nese; Turhan, CihanAdaptive thermal comfort is a model which considers behavioral and psychological adjustments apart from Fanger's Predicted Mean Vote (PMV)/Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) method. In the literature, the differences between the PMV/PPD method and adaptive thermal comfort were mainly considered in aspects of behavioral adjustments in an environment. Conversely, limited studies related to psychological adjustments were considered in detail for thermal comfort. This study purposes to investigate the effects of current mood state subscales on thermal sensation of the occupants for the first time in the literature. To this aim, the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire is used to determine the mood state of the occupants with six different subscales: Anger, Confusion, Vigor, Tension, Depression, and Fatigue. The experiments were conducted in a university study hall in Ankara, Turkey, which is in warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb) according to Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification. The distributions of each subscale were examined via Anderson Darling and Shapiro-Wilk tests accordingly given responses from the occupants. The sensitivity analysis was applied to the six subscales of the POMS with Monte Carlo simulation method by considering the distributions of each subscale. The results revealed that the current mood state has a crucial effect on the thermal sensation of the occupants. The subscales of the Depression and Vigor were found as the most vital ones among the six subscales. Only the pure effects of the Vigor and Depression would change the thermal sensation of the occupants 0.31 and 0.30, respectively. The Confusion was determined as the least effective subscale to the thermal sensation of the occupants. Moreover, with the combination of all the six subscales, the thermal sensation might change up to 1.32. Findings in this study would help researchers to develop the personalized thermal comfort systems.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 5Enhancing Urban Sustainability With Novel Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines: a Study on Residential Buildings in Çeşme(Mdpi, 2025) Saleh, Yousif Abed Saleh; Durak, Murat; Turhan, CihanThis study investigates the integration of three types of vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs)-helical, IceWind, and a combined design-on residential buildings in & Ccedil;e & scedil;me, T & uuml;rkiye, a region with an average wind speed of 7 m/s. The research explores the potential of small-scale wind turbines in urban areas, providing sustainable solutions for renewable energy generation and reducing reliance on conventional energy sources. The turbines were designed and analyzed using SolidWorks and ANSYS Fluent, achieving power outputs of 350 W for the helical turbine, 430 W for the IceWind turbine, and 590 W for the combined turbine. A total of 42 turbines were mounted on a five-storey residential building model, and DesignBuilder software was utilized to simulate and evaluate the energy consumption. The baseline energy consumption of 172 kWh/m2 annually was reduced by 18.45%, 22.93%, and 30.88% for the helical, IceWind, and combined turbines, respectively. Furthermore, the economic analysis showed payback periods of 12.89 years for the helical turbine, 10.60 years for the IceWind turbine, and 10.49 years for the combined turbine. These findings emphasize the viability of integrating VAWTs into urban buildings as an effective strategy for reducing energy consumption, lowering costs, and enhancing energy efficiency.Article Citation - WoS: 48Citation - Scopus: 52A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Most Suitable Hvac System for an Industrial Building by Using a Hybrid Building Energy Simulation and Multi Criteria Decision Making Framework(Elsevier, 2021) Bac, Ugur; Alaloosi, Khalid Abdulwahab Mohamed Saed; Turhan, CihanGreat demand for energy and growing trend in the use of energy-efficient HVAC systems force researchers to focus on the importance of choosing the most appropriate HVAC system for industrial buildings during design process. Therefore, developing a model to select the most suitable HVAC system is vital for industrial buildings. To this aim, this study provides a comprehensive evaluation of different HVAC systems for an industrial building by using hybrid multi criteria decision making (MCDM) method. An industrial building in Ankara/Turkey is selected as a case building. Eleven HVAC systems are evaluated based on twenty seven criteria, which are determined as a result of extensive literature research, and are grouped under six categories including ergonomic, environmental, reliability, technical, and economical aspects. A hybrid application of building energy simulation (BES) integrated modified Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) and Weighted Additive Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) framework is developed for supporting the decision making process. The novelty of the study is integrating the objective results of a well-calibrated dynamic BES tool with subjective criteria which are collected from expert opinions by applying questionnaires with face-to-face interview method. The results of MCDM framework and sensitivity analysis showed that the water-source heat pump is the best and suitable alternative for the industrial building. The outcome of this study would benefit the HVAC engineers and specialists in order to design the best HVAC systems in industrial buildings while providing an insight into different criteria. Moreover, key contribution to the literature is the usage of hybrid MCDM framework integrated with BES tool in the building sector.
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