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Article Citation - Scopus: 1Surface Patterning of Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Scaffolds by Electrospinning for Monitoring Cell Biomass Behavior(Springer, 2022) Albayrak, Deniz; Sasmazel, Hilal TurkogluThe aim of this work was to produce three-dimensional fibrous surface patterns of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL), onto two-dimensional smooth solvent cast PCL surfaces with an electrospinning method by using a mask/stencil for monitoring cell biomass behavior. The characterizations of produced scaffolds were done by thickness measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, contact angle (CA) measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and mechanical tests. According to SEM micrographs, all of the electrospun scaffold surfaces exhibited bead-free and uniform morphology while solvent cast surfaces were smooth and nonporous. CA measurements revealed that the solvent cast surfaces had moderate hydrophilicity (similar to 60 degrees) while electrospun regions had a more hydrophobic character (similar to 110 degrees for fully electrospun surfaces and similar to 85 degrees for electrospun patterns). Mechanical testing showed the produced scaffolds had a brittle character. Moreover, cell culture studies were performed with mouse fibroblast (L929) cells for 7 days period, and cell attachment assay, MTT assay, fluorescence, and SEM analyses were done. Cell culture studies indicated that the solvent cast and electrospun patterns have different characteristics for cell behavior. Thus, cell movement, attachment, and proliferation can be directed and monitored by obtaining different surface topographies in a single substrate surface. Based on the results of this study, it was found that patterns consisting of polymeric nanofiber structures can also be created directly by the electrospinning method.Article Design and Fabrication of Dual-Layered PCL/PEG Theranostic Platforms Using 3D Melt Electrowriting for Targeted Delivery and Post-Treatment Monitoring(Springer, 2025) Ege, Zeynep Ruya; Enguven, Gozde; Ege, Hasan; Durukan, Barkan Kagan; Sasmazel, Hilal Turkoglu; Gunduz, OguzhanAdvanced pancreatic tumors remain highly resistant to treatment due to their dense stromal environment and poor vascularization, which limit drug penetration and efficacy. Even after surgical resection, the high recurrence rate frequently leads to poor prognosis and mortality. To address these challenges, we developed solvent-free three-dimensional (3D) melt electrowritten (MEW) theranostic microfiber patches composed of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The patches were designed as dual-layered, 10-layer structures, with gemcitabine (GEM) loaded in the bottom five layers for localized chemotherapy to suppress tumor recurrence, and indocyanine green (ICG) incorporated in the top five layers to enable fluorescence-based post-surgical monitoring. Following fabrication, the patches were characterized both materially and in vitro, with GEM loaded at 100, 250, or 500 mu g/ml. PEG incorporation improved patch flexibility, facilitating the implantation process. In vitro release analysis demonstrated an initial burst followed by sustained, pH-responsive GEM release (similar to 70% at pH 4.0 and similar to 30% at pH 7.4 for 500 mu g/mL GEM at 168 h), while ICG release reached similar to 25% (pH 7.4) and similar to 10% (pH 4.0). GEM-loaded patches significantly reduced Capan-1 cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, achieving >= 50% reduction at 72 h with 500 mu g/mL. Importantly, ICG incorporation did not impair GEM cytotoxicity; confocal imaging confirmed ICG internalization in viable cells and showed a decline in ICG-positive cells with increasing GEM dose, supporting the potential for concurrent therapy and monitoring. Thus, the theranostic patches enable localized, pH-responsive GEM delivery with integrated ICG-based fluorescence imaging, achieving significant cytotoxicity against pancreatic cancer cells while providing a platform for post-surgical surveillance. This solvent-free, layer-addressable approach represents a promising strategy for personalized, locally implantable theranostic systems in pancreatic cancer treatment.Conference Object Impact of Nanotopography And/Or Functional Groups on Periodontal Ligament Cell Growth(Springer, 2010) Sasmazel, Hilal Turkoglu; Manolache, S.; GumusderlIoglu, M.The main purpose of this contribution was to obtain COOH functionalities and/or nanotopographic changes on the surface of 3D, non-woven polyester fabric (NWPF) discs (12.5 mm in diameter) by using low pressure water/O-2 plasma assisted treatments. The prepared discs were characterized by various methods after the plasma treatment. Periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts were used in cell culture studies. The cell culture results showed that plasma treated 3D NWPF discs are favorable for PDL cell spreading, growth and viability due to the presence of functional groups and/or the nanotopography of their surfaces.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 5Physico-Chemical Characterization and in Vitro Biological Study of Manganese Doped Β-Tricalcium Phosphate-Based Ceramics for Bone Regeneration Applications(Springer, 2023) Arpak, Mehmet Can; Daglilar, Sibel; Kalkandelen, Cevriye; Balescu, Liliana-Marinela; Sasmazel, Hilal Turkoglu; Pasuk, Iuliana; Gunduz, OguzhanThis work evaluates the effects of manganese (Mn) doping on the morpho-structural features, mechanical performance, and in vitro biological response of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) derived bioceramics for bone tissue engineering applications. Five different Mn doping levels (i.e., 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1 wt.%) were investigated, with the beta-TCP-based bioceramics being sintered at four temperatures (i.e., 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300 degrees C). A densification improvement was induced when using Mn in excess of 0.05 wt.%; the densification remained stationary in the sintering temperature range of 1200 - 1300 degrees C. The structural analyses evidenced that all samples sintered at 1000 and 1100 degrees C were composed of beta-TCP as major phase and hydroxyapatite (HA) as a minor constituent (similar to 4-6 wt.%). At the higher temperatures (1200 and 1300 degrees C), the formation of alpha-TCP was signalled at the expense of both beta-TCP and HA. The Mn doping was evidenced by lattice parameters changes. The evolution of the phase weights is linked to a complex inter-play between the capacity of the compounds to incorporate Mn and the thermal decomposition kinetics. The Mn doping induced a reduction in the mechanical performance (in terms of compressive strength, Vickers hardness and elastic modulus) of the beta-TCP-based ceramics. The metabolic activity and viability of osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) for the ceramics were studied in both powder and compacted pellet form. Ceramics with Mn doping levels lower than 0.1 wt.% yielded a more favorable microenvironment for the osteoblast cells with respect to the undoped beta-TCP. No cytotoxic effects were recorded up to 21 days. The Mn-doped beta-TCPs showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in alkaline phosphatase activity with respect to pure beta-TCP.
