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Synthesis of Electroactive Chemiluminescent Compounds and Polymers for Blood Detection in Forensic
Chemical Engineering
Combination of pyridazine based and chemiluminescent units with electroactive compounds and conjugated polymers have been taken place recently. These compounds and conjugated polymers have been reported to be used instead of luminol in order to detect blood traces in forensic science. These studies resulted in the birth of a new series of compounds so-called “luminol-type compounds”. In this study, a new series of chemiluminescent and conjugated trimeric compounds bearing pyridazine ring (Scheme 1) and their polymers will be synthesized and characterized structurally. Then, their chemiluminescent properties and forensic applications (blood detection) will be scrutinized. Scheme 1. Chemical structure of the compounds bearing redox active terminals and chemiluminescent pyridazine units In order to achieve this aim, phthalic anhydride will be utilized to synthesize the target molecules in three steps. This will be advantageous when compared the synthesis of some luminol derivatives which require multiple steps. After the completion of the structural characterization of the compounds, the chemiluminescent reactions of the compounds in basic medium will be tested firstly in the presence of only hydrogen peroxide and then together with various metal cations as catalyst by using a photomultiplier tube. If iron ion is found to exhibit a catalytic role in the chemiluminescent process, the application of blood trace detection in forensic will be studied. First of all, hemin as a hemoglobin analogue will be used to get a standard curve and then the blood samples will be studied. Obtained data will be compared with luminol and its derivatives and also the effect of the substituents (electron donating units: furan, thiophene and selenophene) of the compounds on the chemiluminescent process will be investigated. Next step will be the electrochemical polymerization of the compounds. The structural analyses of the polymers will be studied by using voltammetric and spectroscopic methods (cyclic voltammetry, NMR, FTIR, UV-vis, SEM, GPC, etc.). Chemiluminescent properties and forensic applications of their polymers will also be studied. Furthermore, since the polymers can be obtained as films via electrochemical polymerization, the electrochemiluminescent properties of these polymers will also be investigated. In addition to the polymers’ structural characterization, their electrochemical and optical properties will be studied to search for their possible opto-electronic applications. When the project has reached to its aims, a new series of the chemiluminescent compounds will be synthesized after only a few steps by starting with a cheap compound called phthalic anhydride. Unfortunately, the interest of the present luminol type compounds in the literature is limited since they are synthesized in multiple steps. A new series of the compounds will be obtained for the family of luminol type compounds when the syntheses of the compounds are realized. Due to the systematic synthesis of the compounds (Group 6A: O (furan), S (thiophene), Se (selenophene) atoms used for the same template compound), the effect of the electron donating units will be investigated on the chemiluminescent property. In conclusion, new compounds that are alternative to the luminol used in forensic application will be brought into the literature.
Paralel Hibrit Elektrikli Aracın Güç Aktarma Organların Simülasyonu, Tasarımı ve Deney Düzeneği Kurulumu
Automotive Engineering
A parallel or mechanically coupled hybrid drivetrain has features that allow both the engine and the traction motor to apply their mechanical power in parallel directly to the drive wheels. The major advantages of a torque-coupling parallel configuration over a series configuration are (1) the non-necessity of a generator, (2) a smaller traction motor, and (3) only part of the engine power going through multi-power conversion. Hence, the overall efficiency can be higher than in the series hybrid. This project is studying the parallel configuration of a hybrid driveline both numerically and experimentally. The mathematical model of driveline was developed in Matlab/Simulink software. Power shifting between Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and Electric Motor (EM) was carried out by using the appropriate control strategy during the different driving conditions (acceleration, deceleration, and braking). An experimental setup of driveline was established in the ICE laboratory of the Automotive Engineering Department of Atılım University. All experiments were done in controlled conditions. The states of the system (ICE speed, EM speed and torque, Dynamometer load, Battery package voltage, SOC) are measurable to apply a suitable power shifting control method. The Driveline model were tuned by using experimental data.
Otomotiv Mühendisliği Bölümünün Yarış Aracının (ATEV2022) Süspansiyon Sisteminin Optimazasyon Çalışması
Automotive Engineering
This project is suggesting an optimum design for suspension system of ATEV2020 vehicle (Automotive Engineering Department racing car). Different models of suspension were investigated and compared according to their functionality in the target vehicle. Some parameters like minimum manufacturing error, feasibility in mounting the parts, driver comfort, vehicle stabilitiy and degree of ease in setting steering angles were considered in selection period. The selected mechanism’s CAD model were assembled on the vehicle and its dynamic effects were investigated by composing a model in Matlab software. Matlab/SimMechanics toolbox was used for this kind of simulation. In order to understand the concept of mechanism, 2D model equations are extracted from the literature. Then the model is expanded for 3D application. As the 3D models for suspension system are not available in the literature, it is thought that this kind of study will contribute significantly to the design of suspension system on vehicle prototypes.
Kişiselleştirilmiş ve Modüler Sosyal Robot Tasarımı İçin Yazılım Platformu Geliştirilmesi ve Uygulanması
Mechatronics Engineering
In this project, it is aimed to develop an interactive and conceptual design platform that can be used to develop personalized and modular social robots with the participatory design method and to apply it to physical robot models that serve as technology demonstrations.
Synthesis, Characterization And Applications Of Various Aromatic Polythioureas Via Multicomponent Polymerization/çok Bileşenli Polimerizasyon Yöntemi ile Farklı Aromatik Politiyoürelerin Sentezi, Karakterizasyonu ve Uygulamaları
Chemical Engineering
In recent years, multicomponent polymerization (MCP) method has attracted the attention of researchers due to its simple operation, high atom economy, high polymerization efficiency and high molecular weight of polymers without using catalyst under moderate conditions. In the MCP method used in the synthesis of different polythioamides and polythioureas, one of the reactants is aliphatic amines and aromatic amines are not used directly. Due to this reason, in polythioamide syntheses, it is seen that aromatic diamines do not react with alkynes in the presence of elemental sulfur and therefore they are converted firstly to aromatic diisocyanides and this increases the cost of synthesis. There is no study on the use of aromatic diamines directly in the synthesis of polythioureas. In the light of this information, it is aimed to use the MCP method which is thought to be an economic and effective method for the use of elemental sulfur and aromatic diamine directly to obtain well defined, functional and workable polymeric structures without using catalyst in the project. In the MCP method, diisocyanides which are more reactive than the dialkyne reactant used previously will be used. The reactivity of diisocyanides to aromatic amines was supported by literature data and preliminary studies performed by our group. In addition, elemental sulfur, one of the most abundant elements in the world, is a non-toxic and stable solid under normal conditions and is an inexpensive substance that is readily available even at high purity grades. The use of aromatic diamines directly with elemental sulfur is very interesting in terms of practical, cost-effective and synthetic compatibility. With the use of aromatic diamines in the MCP method, the gateway for the synthesis of different polythioureas will be further expanded. For this purpose, the synthesis of 10 different polythioureas shown below will be carried out and characterization of the obtained products (NMR, FTIR, GPC, SEM, UV-Vis, DSC, TGA) will be performed. The data obtained will be examined comparatively with the methods used before for the synthesis of polythioureas. Due to today's polluted environment and limited energy reserves, it becomes important to develop highly efficient renewable technologies, green energy sources and environmentally friendly methods for environmental remediation and energy production. In this direction, hydrogen production becomes so important in the field of energy. In addition, the removal of heavy metals found in nature and organic matter in waste water is of great importance in environmental remediation. From this point of view, the preparation of nanocatalysts that will allow hydrogen production and removal of organic substances and materials that provide heavy metal removal attracts the attention of scientists. Thanks to the thiourea functional groups in the structure of different polythioureas to be synthesized by the MCP method, it can be used in mercury treatment (due to the ability of the thiourea groups and mercury ions to be complex) as well as to be used as support materials for the production of silver, palladium and copper nanoparticles. In this respect, firstly mercury removal capacity of the prepared polymers will be investigated. Then, the polymer-metal nanoparticle hybrid materials (4 different structures, polymer/AuNPs, polymer/AgNPs, polymer/CuNPs and polymer/PdNPs)) will be obtained by adding gold, silver, copper and palladium nanoparticles (separately) onto the polymer having the highest metal ion-holding capacity. The stability, catalytic activity and the effect of the interaction on the catalytic activity of the polymer/metal nanoparticle hybrid materials will be investigated in hydrogeneration from amine borane and photocatalytical removal of dye molecules founded in waste waters, respectively.
Preparation Of Novel Nanostructures With High Light To Heat Conversion And Investigation Of Their Fhotothermal Efficiencies And Toxicities/yakın Kızılötesi Bölgede Yüksek Işık-ısı Çevrimine Sahip Özgün Nanoyapıların Hazırlanması, Fototermal Etkinliklerinin ve Toksisitelerinin Araştırılması
Chemical Engineering
Cancer is known as one of the main causes of death and according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Organization accounted for 8.2 million deaths worldwide in 2012 with an increasing incidence rate. For this reason, progressing efficient therapeutic strategies with low toxicities to eradicate tumours specificly, is considered as the main object in the cancer treatments. Poor specificity toward malignant tissues, systemic side effects, low efficacy and drug resistance are the well-known disadvantages of widely applied radiation and chemotherapies. Thus, to improve the cancer therapy, it is expected that the therapeutic methods should eliminate only diseased cells/tissues without causing collateral damage selectively. The development of new protocols for biomedical application are encouraged by advanced nanotechnologies and production of novel nanomaterials. When it is compared the conventional tratment like surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy with nanoparticle approach, nanoparticle treatments are minimally invasive and should result in minimal side effects. Accordingly, novel and effective therapeutics with unique light-to-heat conversion property of nanoscale materials can be utilized for cancer treatment. Among them, near-infrared (NIR) region photothermal therapy (PTT) has become more popular and developed quickly due to minimally invasive treatments for patients. Generally, photothermal therapy depends on the photosensitizers taken up by cancer cells to transfer light to heat, leading to photoablation of the cells and subsequent cell death. Therefore, photosensitizing agents are a key factor in photothermal therapy. In PTT, due to its easy operation, ability to be locally focused on a specific region and minimal absorbance by skin and tissues to allow for noninvasive penetration of reasonably deep tissues, near-infrared (NIR) light (700–1000 nm) is preferred. Recently, due to their high photothermal conversion efficiency and the ease of synthesis and modification, inorganic based fotothermal therapy agents (PTA) have received great interest. Among them, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are considered as a special photosensitizer due to their strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Different types of Au nanoparticle based photosensitizers in photothermal therapy, like nanorods, nanocages, and nano-core–shells, nanostars have been reported. Unfortunately, the problem related to the potential toxicity induced by photothermal agents (especially for carbon nanotubes or graphene, CTAB coated Au rods, copper sulfide crystals and iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs), is still an unresolved debate, which will inevitably limit future clinic applications of PTT. Therefore, it is significant to explore an effective fototermal therapy agent in order to decrease the extra-high-dose nanoparticles used in photothermal ablation of cancer with NIR irradiation which can generate potential toxicity to the body. In addition, with the presence of effective agents in the near infrared region, deeper cases may be treated with photothermal therapy. In this project proposal, it is aimed to develop novel photothermal therapy agents, which can reduce toxic effect, using in very small quantities, by increasing the light to heat conversion efficiency and be able to provide treatment even in deeper case due to the effective light to heat conversion in the near infrared region (NIR) because of the different and improved plasmon resonance properties than the photothermal agents in the literature.For this it is planned to prepare 6 different phototermal agent and detection of the efficiencies of them in photothermal therapy. The first two of these structures will be formed by adding gold (AuNPs) and gold-silver bimetallic nanoparticles (AuAgNPs) of 1-3 nm in size onto the hollow gold nanoparticles (Hollow AuNPs) with a 60-100 nm size and 5-10 nm shell thickness (AuNPs/HollowAuNPs(1. agent), AuAgNPs/HollowAuNPs (2. agent)). The third and fourth agents will be prepared by adding gold nanoparticles and gold-silver bimetallic nanoparticles of 1-3 nm in size on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with a thin silica shell (AuNPs/Fe3O4-SiO2 (3. agent) ve AuAgNPs/Fe3O4-SiO2 (4. agent)). The proposed last two agents will be formed with the addition of gold nanoparticles and gold-silver bimetallic nanoparticles onto the resulting structure formed by the addition of gold shells over the thin silica layer coated iron oxide nanoparticles (AuNPs/AuShell/Fe3O4-SiO2 (5. agent), ve AuAgNPs/AuShell/Fe3O4-SiO2 (6. agent)). Characterization of the photothermal therapy agents will be done by using HR-TEM, XPS, VSM, ICP-OES, XRD, UV-Vis, Raman. The photothermal effects of the prepared structures will then be measured by using an 808 nm wavelength laser irradiation in solution and then their activity in the cancer cell line (in vitro) will be investigated. Finally, toxicity studies of photothermal agents will be carried out.
Donör-akseptör Düzeninde Yeni Bir Bileşik Grubununtasarımı, Sentezi ve İletken Polimerlerinin Uygulama Alanları
Chemical Engineering
Donor-acceptor-based electrochromic polymers, unknown in the literature, were synthesized and the optical and electrochemical properties of these materials were examined. In this study, in which both the donor effect and the acceptor effect were examined, soluble and processable materials with colors such as green, blue, cyan and black, although very few in number in the literature, were synthesized which are indispensable for their application areas. Necessary characterization studies have been carried out for the anticipated technological applications.
Synthesis and Polymerization of Monomers Possessing Chemiluminescence Properties and Their Application Areas
Chemical Engineering
A novel class of chemiluminescence (KL) compounds was designed, synthesized and characterized; 2,3-dihydro-thieno[3,4-d]pyridazine-1,4-dione (T-Lum), 2,3-dihydro-furo[3,4-d]pyridazine-1,4-dione (FLum) and 2,3-dihydro-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazine-1,4-dione (P-Lum). The KL reaction of the compounds in alkali medium was examined by using hydrogen peroxide and potasium permanganate oxidants and a possible KL mechanism was investigated. Synthesized compounds are especially sensitive to Fe+3 ion and this property makes them amenable to use as iron sensors. Also, the sensitivity of these materials towards iron makes them a promising candidate in forensic area to detect trace amount of blood at crime scene. Compounds are also sensitive both iron and blood samples even at lower concentration. By using the sensitivity of compounds towards hydrogen peroxide, the detection of many analytes will be possible. Beside the KL property, the electrochemiluminescence (EKL) property of the materials makes them very precious. Since the oxidation of pyridazine ring occurs before the aromatic rings, electropolymerization of the functionalized pyrrole, furan and thiophene compounds with pyridazine rings were not possible. To overcome this problem, new compounds, which have lower oxidation potential than that of pyridazine ring, were designed, synthesized and characterized; 5,7-di-tthiophen-2-yl-2,3-dihydro-thieno[3,4- d]pyridazine-1,4-dione (TTT-Lum) and 5,7-di-ethylenedioxythiophene-2-yl-2,3-dihydro-thieno[3,4- d]pyridazine-1,4-dione (ETE-Lum). The materials synthesized in the form of donor-acceptor-donor exhibit both KL and EKL properties, which makes them promising candidates in the analytical chemistry and forensic science. Compounds were polymerized successfully without oxidizing pyridazine ring via electrochemical polymerization (only neat BF3-Et2O solution or 0.1 M LiClO4 or 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate dissolved in acetonitrile containing 5% of BF3-Et2O by volume ) and the electrochemical and optical properties were investigated. Electroactive and electrochromic polymeric materials, exhibiting reversible redox behaviours, have lower band gaps between 1.6 and 1.7 eV. Also, the polymer films are very stable; the electroactivity and the EKL properties were remain unchangeable after many cycles. Furthermore, the soluble polymer films in alkali medium with their KL properties will attract many attention in the academic areas.
Sürekli Nanomalzeme Üretimi için Alev Aerosol Reaktör Tasarımı, Kontrolü ve Simülasyonu
Due to its advantages compared to the wet chemistry methods, Flame Aerosol Technology is used to produce 90% (by volume) of the commercial nanomaterials continuously in a faster, cheaper way, and in a single step [1-2]. Evolved by combining combustion and aerosol technologies, a large span of materials from salts to metal oxides can be produced by this method [3]. In this technology, the most important issue is to produce the desired phase in the desired purity and morphology, and to understand the effect of the process parameters that control these properties. This is mostly because it takes place at very high temperature, where momentum, heat and mass transfer phenomena take place simultaneouly, as well as the combustion of fuel and the reaction of the metal salts in the flame. In order to apply this fast and high temperature process to the industrial scale, there is a need for well controlled laboratory experiments that allows to produce models which can be used to simulate the experimental results. In this proposal, a well controlled flame reactor will be designed, and the effect of the operation conditions on the final nano particle size, morphology and crystal phase will be investigated. The aim is to control the process conditions in a way that allows the tailor-made nanoparticles especially for heterogeneous catalytic applications. Computational Fluid Dynamics package FLUENT will be used along with a user defined “population balance” model in order to estimate the nanoparticle size, and compared with the experimental results. A new reactor will be designed and constructed with the help of the simulation, and metal oxides (e.g. TiO2, Pd/Co3O4 ) will be produced under different operating conditions. The nanoparticles produced will be characterized for their size and morphology, and the validity of the simulation model will be checked.
Plastikleştirilmiş Poli(laktik Asit)’in Alev Dayanımının Fosfor Bazlı Katkı Maddeleri ile Geliştirilmesi
The aim of this study is to improve the flame resistance and toughness of PLA by adding small amounts of different flame retardant additives and plasticizers at the same time. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was used as a plasticizer. Phosphate-based chemicals as flame retardant additives; ammonium polyphosphate (APP), boron phosphate (BP) and tri-phenyl phosphate (TPP) were used. Within the scope of the project, the synergistic effects of the double and triple compositions of these flame retardant additives were also examined. The mixtures are produced by melt blending and injection molding methods. The effect of the type and composition of flame retardant additives on the properties of PLA composites was determined by various mechanical, thermal and flammability tests.
Preparation Of Magnetic Nanoparticles Which Enable The Use Of 18f-fdg As Multi-modal İmaging Agents İn Pet-mrı Applications/18f-fdg Nin Pet-mr Görüntüleme Uygulamalarında Multi-modal Görüntüleme Ajanı Olarak Kullanılmasına Yönelik Manyetik Nanoparçacıkların Hazırlanması
Chemical Engineering
It is becoming increasingly evident that PET-MRI multi-modal imaging systems have great potential in practical medicine and for basic scientific research. Consequently there is a wide interest in developing proper imaging agents for these applications. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles are already, extensively, being used as MRI contrast agents. The labeling of these nanoparticles with radioactive isotopes provides a new generation for MRI agents. Combination of the required properties, in the body of the same sample for both measurement techniques, ensures that both images are coming from the same spot and simultaneously. This approach provides more accurate and reliable data for diagnosis and treatment of the illness. One of the candidates of the applicable radioactive isotopes is 18F, an easily available one and is being produced in our country. However its chemical binding to delivery agents requires several steps of exhaustive chemical treatments. A laboratory/firm which tends to fabricate iron oxide nanoparticles labeled with 18F should reconstruct a new manufacturing plant, which needs a laborious and a quite expensive operation. Instead, a new process, which can convert already available PET contrast agents into PET-MRI agents without requiring any special expertise, would be more practical and economical.
Alan Özelinde Sosyalleştirme Yaklaşımı Çerçevesinde Etkili Ebeveynlik: Annenin Duygusal Erişilebilirliği ile Gelişimsel Çocuk Çıktıları Arasındaki İlişki
This study aims to examine effective parenting within the framework of the domains-of_x0002_socialization approach. Three separate studies were carried out. In the first study, Domain_x0002_Specific Parenting Interview (DSPI) was developed to measure parenting quality in different socialization domains and its psychometric properties were examined. The deductive content analysis of the DSPI was carried out in the second study. In the third study, the replicability of the first study was tested, the interactions between different socialization domains were examined qualitatively, and the relations of mothers' knowledge on effective parenting and the quality of their parenting behaviors with developmental child outcomes were examined. The participants of the first study consisted of 82 mothers with children between 35-76 months. The participants of the second study consisted of 50 mothers, which were randomly selected from the data set of the first study. The participants of the third study consisted of 141 mothers and fathers, who have children aged between 47-72 months. The findings of the first study provided evidence that DSPI is a valid and reliable measurement tool. The qualitative findings of the second study showed that the domains-of-socialization approach and the daily life interactions of mother-child dyads were mostly consistent. The third study showed that the quality of parenting behaviors in different socialization domains were related to various child outcomes through emotion regulation and inhibitory control.
Çinko Borat Üretim Teknolojisinin Geliştirilmesi ve Alev Geciktirici Olarak Kullanım Alanlarının Araştırılması
Within the scope of the project, 3.5 moles of crystalline aqueous zinc borate synthesis was made in a batch and continuous system, and the zinc borate produced was used in the production of polymer composites. Pilot production of zinc borate, which was synthesized within the scope of the project and whose optimum production parameters were determined, was carried out and the optimum values of the pilot production processes were determined. Zinc borate, whose pilot production has been successfully completed, is used as a fire retardant in wood and plastics. The industrialization of the pilot product was completed by transferring the production right to the private sector.
Synthesis and Applications of New Conjugated Polymeric Materials Based on Carborane
Chemical Engineering
Combination of conjugated polymers and carborane units under the same roof was taken place recently, for the first time in 2003. In very few number of studies in the literature, it was reported that carborane units gave thermal, mechanical, optical and electrochemical stability to the condujugated polymers. In this study, in order to overcome the problems faced by the industrial field of conjugated polymers (insolubility, thermal, mechanical, optical and electrochemical instability, etc.) the inorganic and organic units will be melted in the same pot for producing new carborane based polymeric materials. In the first two years of the project, initially carborane based electron donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type new inorganic-organic hybrid monomers will be designed and synthesized and then soluble conjugated polymers (low band gap, reversible electronic and optical properties, n- and/or p-type doping behavior, fast switching of various redox states and different colors and environmetally and thermally stable novel florescent conjugated polymers) will be tried to obtain by use of electrochemical and chemical methods. While alkyl substituted 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene and carbazole units will be used as D unit, carborane units will be used as A unit. Tetrabutylammonium salts (perchlorate, tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate) as the supporting electrolyte and acetonitrile, dichloromethane and/or propylene carbonate will be used as the solvent in the electrochemical polymerization. For the chemical polymerization, Stille Coupling, anhydrous FeCl3 and / or CuI oxidant and/or Yamamoto type Ni (0) dehalogenation polymerization techniques will be used. After the investigation of the electrochemical, optical and thermal properties of the obtained polymeric materials, studies for the industrial and technological applications (electrochromic devices and light emitting diodes (LEDs)) will be done at Atılım University and METU by experienced teams in the last two years of the project. When the materials designed in the project are moved successfully to the industrial fields such as electrochromic devices and LED applications, it will be brought to a solution to an industrial problem by using carborane chemicals. As a result, it will be the primary purpose and goal of our project to overcome the problem faced by industrial areas (electrochromic devices and LEDs) with the products based on special carboranes, which can be synthesized in our country.
Lineer Olmayan Üçlü Schrödinger Denklemi İçin Yapı Koruyan Sayısal Yöntemler
Mathematics
A nonlinear implicit energy-conserving scheme and a linearly implicit mass-conserving scheme are constructed for the numerical solution of a three-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Both methods are second order. The numerical experiments verify the theoretical results that while the nonlinear implicit scheme preserves the energy, the linearly implicit method preserves the mass of the system. In addition, the schemes are quite accurate in the preservation of the other conserved quantities of the system. Elastic collision, creation of new vector soliton, and fusion of soliton are observed in the solitary wave evolution. The numerical methods are proven to be highly efficient and stable in the simulation of the periodic and solitary waves of the equation in long terms. Dispersive analysis of the equation and the numerical methoda is investigated.
: Synthesis Of Electroactive Chemiluminescent Compounds And Polymers For Blood Detection İn Forensic/adli-tıpta Kan Teşhisi için Elektroaktif Kemilüminesans Bileşiklerin ve Polimerlerin Sentezi
Chemical Engineering
Project Summary Combination of pyridazine based and chemiluminescent units with electroactive compounds and conjugated polymers have been taken place recently. These compounds and conjugated polymers have been reported to be used instead of luminol in order to detect blood traces in forensic science. These studies resulted in the birth of a new series of compounds so-called “luminol-type compounds”. In this study, a new series of chemiluminescent and conjugated trimeric compounds bearing pyridazine ring (Scheme 1) and their polymers will be synthesized and characterized structurally. Then, their chemiluminescent properties and forensic applications (blood detection) will be scrutinized. Scheme 1. Chemical structure of the compounds bearing redox active terminals and chemiluminescent pyridazine units In order to achieve this aim, phthalic anhydride will be utilized to synthesize the target molecules in three steps. This will be advantageous when compared the synthesis of some luminol derivatives which require multiple steps. After the completion of the structural characterization of the compounds, the chemiluminescent reactions of the compounds in basic medium will be tested firstly in the presence of only hydrogen peroxide and then together with various metal cations as catalyst by using a photomultiplier tube. If iron ion is found to exhibit a catalytic role in the chemiluminescent process, the application of blood trace detection in forensic will be studied. First of all, hemin as a hemoglobin analogue will be used to get a standard curve and then the blood samples will be studied. Obtained data will be compared with luminol and its derivatives and also the effect of the substituents (electron donating units: furan, thiophene and selenophene) of the compounds on the chemiluminescent process will be investigated. Next step will be the electrochemical polymerization of the compounds. The structural analyses of the polymers will be studied by using voltammetric and spectroscopic methods (cyclic voltammetry, NMR, FTIR, UV-vis, SEM, GPC, etc.). Chemiluminescent properties and forensic applications of their polymers will also be studied. Furthermore, since the polymers can be obtained as films via electrochemical polymerization, the electrochemiluminescent properties of these polymers will also be investigated. In addition to the polymers’ structural characterization, their electrochemical and optical properties will be studied to search for their possible opto-electronic applications. When the project has reached to its aims, a new series of the chemiluminescent compounds will be synthesized after only a few steps by starting with a cheap compound called phthalic anhydride. Unfortunately, the interest of the present luminol type compounds in the literature is limited since they are synthesized in multiple steps. A new series of the compounds will be obtained for the family of luminol type compounds when the syntheses of the compounds are realized. Due to the systematic synthesis of the compounds (Group 6A: O (furan), S (thiophene), Se (selenophene) atoms used for the same template compound), the effect of the electron donating units will be investigated on the chemiluminescent property. In conclusion, new compounds that are alternative to the luminol used in forensic application will be brought into the literature.
Lisans Dersleri için Zaman Serisi ile Açılacak Şube Sayısı ve Kontenjanlarını Tahmin Eden Yapay Zekâ Sisteminin Geliştirilmesi
Computer Engineering
This project aims to address the problems experienced in traditional methods used in determining course quotas and number of sections in universities. This project, carried out with the support of Atılım University Undergraduate Research Projects, aims to optimize this process by using machine learning models. In the project, XGBoost and LightGBM were examined and their ability to make high-accurate predictions was tested.
Sıfıraltı Sıcaklık Muhafaza Koşullarının Su Verilmiş 2024 Alüminyum Alaşımının Yaşlanma Davranışına ve Şekillendirilebilirliğine Etkisinin Araştırılması
Industrial Engineering
The effect of storage conditions on the ageable 2024 Aluminum alloy, which was stored at different subzero temperatures (-12°C, -15°C, -18°C) after quenching, on the aging behavior and mechanical properties of the alloy at room temperature was investigated by performing hardness, tensile and formability tests. It was observed that the samples stored at -18°C hardened at a slower rate at room temperature compared to the samples stored at -15°C and -12°C. Using the data obtained, linear (Linear) and non-linear (Qudratic and Cubic) models were developed to predict the mechanical properties (hardness, yield and tensile strength) of the 2024 Aluminum alloy, depending on the subzero temperature storage conditions and the time spent at room temperature. It was concluded that the performance of Quadratic models obtained from the results of hardness tests was high, and Linear models could be used for future prediction. The results of the tensile tests showed that the Quadratic models have high performance and usability for future prediction. Finally, the relationship between yield strength and hardness values was examined. A 100% positive relationship was determined between hardness and yield strength values.
Promoting Stakeholder Adherence To Mediterranean Diet On Campus Through Menu İnterventions And Social Marketing Strategies / Menü Müdahaleleri ve Sosyal Pazarlama Stratejileri ile Kampüste Paydaşların Akdeniz Diyetine Uyumunu Geliştirmek
Food service comprises the production of meals consumed outside the home, including consumers from all age groups and in different sectors. This service sector has evolved through the years, providing an increasing number of meals, which have been drifting away from the Mediterranean Food Pattern. Food service is an important setting for public health interventions, educating consumers and modulating behaviours through the meals provided. Prior research on eating habits has mainly focused on a single stakeholder - typically consumers - and on a narrow set of outcome variables. Although these studies provide important clues about the determinants of adherence to food offer, research has yet to address this issue using an integrative approach of multiple stakeholders (e.g., the consumers, food providers, decisors) across a set of different variables. Also, intervention initiatives, usually act only on the environment without strategies that efficiently engage all the stakeholders involved. Social Marketing is one of the strategies, empirically verified, designed to promote change behavior, which contributions to health and well being of citizens are positively recognized by many. Establishing and managing long-term partnerships that include different groups of stakeholders - consumers, government, retailers and other players - are key elements in the application of mid and upstream social marketing to complex issues. This project, developed in Portugal, Turkey, and Croatia, aims to identify the compliance of food service menus with the Mediterranean Diet in public high education institutes canteens, pinpointing opportunities to intervene, namely: 1) promoting changes in the food offer addressing proximity to the Mediterranean Food Pattern, creating, and offering plant-based meals, with seasonable and local food products and 2) developing tailored social marketing strategies to engaging stakeholders to encourage healthier and sustainable food habits. It gathers a team comprised of nutrition experts on public health and food service, food technologists, gastronomy experts, psychologists, and marketers, with a vast experience and professional skills. To achieve the objectives researches will: 1) develop and index to evaluate compliance of menus with the Mediterranean Diet; 2) based on personal interviews, define priority stakeholders and define methodology for engagement; 3) evaluate perceptions, barriers and facilitators through self-administered surveys and in-depth interviews; 4) develop of a 1-month meal plan framework; 5) develop tools concerning the concept premises to empower the catering employees and consumers to understand the proposed menu methodology; 6) develop a new food concept/product “student bag” (meal on the go) and test it for industry scale up; 7) use previous diagnose to develop social/emotional marketing strategies directed to stakeholders and consumers to achieve food behaviour change and 8) measure the impacts of the implemented strategies through a feasibility test. The project's main ambition is to change the food service paradigm, by creating and implementing a new healthy and sustainable food service concept that truly complies with the Mediterranean diet, as well as solutions that comply with consumers new needs, and also developing and implementing strategies that engage all the stakeholders with this concept. We expect to create the reference in terms of food offer that will be demanded by consumers of the next generations and the standpoint to inspire the other food service sectors/ settings achieving an effective and sustainable food offer change and positively influence food service consumers’ food pattern towards Mediterranean recommendations, while addressing the Sustainable Development Goals (3 - good health and 12 - responsible consumption and production; 17 - partnerships for the goals).
Design, Synthesis and Technological Applications of New Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymeric Materials
Chemical Engineering
In this study, a new carborane based electron donor-acceptor-donor type electroactive monomer (1) was synthesized successfully. Monomer 1 has an irreversible oxidation peak at 0.90 V (vs Ag/AgCl) and by the help of repeting cyclic voltammetry between -0.90 V and 1.00 V it was polymerized via electrochemical method. Electrochemical polymerization was performed in 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAH) /acetonitrile and 0.1 M TBAH/DKM. Electrochemical and optical properties of the corresponding polymer (P1) were investigated. The presence of carborane unit in the polymer backbone preserve the polymer against the ambient conditions, high overoxidation potentials;therefore, the polymer become robust and preserve its properties (optical and electronic). For example, after 1000 cycles, P1 has 96% of its electroactivity. P1 having a narrow band gap like 1.64 eV also have different colors at various oxidation states: therefore, it proved that it is a promising material as an electrochromic material: light violet at neutral state and transmissive sky blue at oxidized state. This stuation was supported by the construction of an electrochromic device. Also, by the sake of comparison, the analog of monomer 1, monomer (59) and polymer (P59) were synthesized. As a result, it was proved that 1 and P1 materials are very precious materials

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