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Research Project Synthesis and Applications of High Sulfur Content Polymeric Materials/Yüksek Kükürt İçerikli Polimerik Malzemelerin Sentezi ve UygulamalarıChemical EngineeringSulfur has been used in various applications. With approximately 70 million tonnes produced each year from petroleum refining, elemental sulfur is widely available and inexpensive (∼$120 USD per tonne). A significant portion of sulfur is used in the production of sulfuric acid. Although elemental sulfur is not toxic, it is a flammable solid so finding productive uses for this stockpiled material under the open air is important. Finding large-scale uses for this sulfur, such as conversion to useful polymers, would be an important advance. Polymerization of elemental sulfur has long been studied. Sulfur polymerizes above 159 oC. Unfortunately, the polymeric sulfur undergoes depolymerization since elemental sulfur is more stable thermodynamically at room temperature. As a solution for this problem, in Pyun’s pioneering study, an alkene was used as an organic cross-linker via inverse vulcanization method. In this study, sulfur was heated to 185 °C to initiate ring-opening polymerization and then, addition of alkene resulted in cross-linking. Because of the high sulfur content (50-90 wt%) and the corresponding polysulfur copolymers represented several interesting chemical, material, and optical properties: redox acitivity (cathode materials for Li-S batteries), a high refractive index and a mid IR region of transparency (night vision, thermal imaging), self healing, heavy metal ions remediation, etc. These usage areas have inspired further exploration of inverse vulcanization with a variety of unsaturated cross-linkers to obtain polysulfides with various properties. On the other hand, today vegetable oils are the most important renewable raw material for the chemical industry. About 80% of the global oil and fat production is vegetable oil. These oils make highly pure fatty acids available such as oleic acid (OA) from sunflower, linoleic acid (LA) from soybean, linolenic acid (LnA) from linseed, and ricinoleic acid from castor oil (Figure 1.1(a)). Vegetable oils are expected to play a key role during the 21st century to synthesize polymers from renewable sources. Within this contribution, the project is aimed at the synthesis and application of new high sulfur content polymeric materials using fatty acids (Figure 1.1(a)). Figure 1. (a) Chemical structures of some fatty acids, (b) the synthesis and chemical modification (poly(S-r-OA)-PE) of a polsulfur copolymer (poly(S-r-OA)) via inverse vulcanization. Due to the presence of double bonds, these pure fatty acids will be used firstly for cross-linking by using inverse vulcanization method (Figure 1.1(b)). Correponding copolymers are expected to be soluble in common organic solvents, processable and electroactive. In particular, the effect of double bonds and the free alkyl chains on the polysulfur copolymers will be investigated systematically by using OA, LA and LnA. Another feature of the copolymers obtained from these fatty acids will be the presence of reactive functional units (-COOH), which makes it possible to make chemical modifications (amide, ester, etc. linkages) of the polysulfur copolymers and to convert them into new polymers with different properties. With this project, the first examples of high sulfur content derivatives of polyesters and polyamides (like poly(S-r-OA)-PE) may have been synthesized by the chemical modification (esterification and amidation) of polysulfur copolymers. After inverse vulcanization process, the characterization of the obtained polysulfur copolymers will be done by using NMR, Raman, FTIR, UV, GPC, SEM, DSC, TGA etc., techniques. Electrochemical, optical, and material properties of the polymers will be investigated and tested as potential promising materials for use in Li-S batteries, heavy metal ions remediation and photocatalytic dye removal. The properties of obtained polymers will be compared with each other as well as with the literature data. Lastly, studies will be carried out to produce polymers in kg scale, and the applicability of the method to be applied to the industry will be tested. With reaching the project targets, it will be possible to polymerize elemental sulfur with the renewable vegetable fatty acids; therefore, huge amounts of sulfur can be used more effectively and an important step for sustainable synthesis/production in the polymer industry will be realized.Research Project Atılım mPAD’e özel İstatistik Uygulaması: Probability & Statistrics (PS) FilesIndustrial EngineeringRecently, the effective use of technology in the field of education is increasing rapidly. For this reason, various suggestions have been presented in order to increase the use of technological tools and equipment in the course environment and to ensure that they are used effectively. In this context, Atılım mPAD, developed within the scope of Atılım University Mobile Education Project, is a supportive product for e-learning. In this project, it is aimed to ensure the sustainability of mPADs, which are actively used for educational purposes in Atılım University Preparatory School, by making them available throughout undergraduate education. In this direction, Probability and Statistics courses, which are compulsory for all departments in the Faculty of Engineering, and some departments of the Faculties of Arts and Sciences, Business Administration and Health Sciences, which are taken by many students at the undergraduate level, were handled as a pilot application. "Probability & Statistics (PS) Files" application that will work on Atılım mPAD will be developed in order to make students' learning more effective and to ensure their active participation in these courses. With the developed PS Files application, it is aimed to increase students' mastery of theoretical subjects in the classroom environment. In addition, with the use of Atılım mPAD during the teaching of statistics applications, an active learning will be realized without creating a physical barrier during face-to-face verbal communication in the lessons. Moreover, it is aimed that the students actively participate in the lessons and have the opportunities in laboratory conditions both in the course and whenever they want and in any place.Research Project Rotator Cuff Yaralanmalarında Yaralanma Seviyesi ile Scapula Rotasyonu Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesiRotator cuff injuries are prevalent across all age groups, involving damage to the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis muscles. Scapular rotation plays a pivotal role in shoulder movements. While the literature contains studies on the associations between rotator cuff injuries and scapular dyskinesis, scapular rhythm, and anatomical scapular position, a comprehensive investigation into the relationship between the severity of rotator cuff injuries and scapular rotation degrees remains conspicuously absent. The primary objective of this study is to discern the correlation between the degree of injury and scapular rotation in individuals afflicted with rotator cuff injuries of varying severity. The secondary purpose of our study is to determine the relationship between scapular rotation and shoulder joint range of motion at different levels of rotator cuff tears. The initial phase of the study will involve 20 participants. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, the required sample size will be calculated with 80% power. Individuals with rotator cuff injuries ranging from level I to IV according to MRI reports will be included in the study. Demographic data will be collected from the participants and the Palpation Meter (Palm) will be used to measure participants' scapular rotation in the coronal plane. Furthermore, the impact of rotator cuff tear severity on scapular rotation's effect on shoulder joint range of motion will be assessed by evaluating shoulder joint range of motion using the Baseline Digital Goniometer following the rotator cuff tear. After obtaining this data, the statistical analyses will be conducted to determine the relationship between injury severity and scapular rotation. The study's outcomes are expected to provide a substantial contribution to the existing body of knowledge, particularly in cases where statistical and clinical significance is demonstrated in scapular rotation for individuals experiencing different levels of rotator cuff injuries. Furthermore, this research has the potential to guide clinical evaluations of scapular rotation across various injury severities, consequently informing the development of treatment protocols and to provide guidance for future investigations.Research Project Geri Kazanılmış PET/PEN Karışımlarının Özelliklerinin Farklı Zincir Uzatıcılar Kullanımı ile İyileştirilmesiPET/PEN mixtures have been studied extensively in the literature for the production of materials with economically viable and superior properties. However, as it is known, PET and PEN are not compatible polymers with each other and various methods are used to harmonize these mixtures. One of these methods is the transesterification reaction of PET and PEN during mixing from the melt. However, during transesterification, the molecular weight of polymers decreases by exposure to thermal, hydrolytic and oxidative degradation. Adding chain-extending chemicals to the mix to reduce this effect is one of the methods used. In this study, the effect of 1, 4 phenylene bis, oxazoline (PBO), tri phenyl phosphate (TPP) and 1, 4 phenyl diisocyanate (PDI) chain extenders on the properties of PET/PEN mixtures prepared with recycled PET (r-PET) was investigated. First of all, the effect of PEN amount on r-PET-PEN mixtures was examined and 70/30% r-PET-PEN mixture was determined as control sample. Later, chain extenders of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt.% were added to this composition. Tensile and impact tests were performed to examine the effect of chain extenders on the mechanical properties of r-PET-PEN mixtures. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) were used to determine the glass transition temperature. The level of the transesterification reaction was calculated using the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H1-NMR) technique. In the light of all these data, it was determined that PDI was the most suitable chain extender for r-PET-PEN mixtures, while TPP was not a suitable chain extender for this mixture.Research Project Aydınoğulları-Erken Osmanlı Döneminde Ayasuluk/Efes'te Kültür ve Teknoloji Transferi: Disiplinler Arası Araştırmalar Işığında İsa Bey Hamamı SeramikleriAyasuluk/Ephesus city, which was conquered by the Turks in 1304 and became the capital of Aydınoğulları since the middle of the century, had one of the busiest ports between Asia and Europe in the 14th-15th centuries in the Western Anatolia region (Pfeiffer-Taş 2014; 2019). However, until the researches in recent years, the view in the literature was dominant, that the port of Ephesus became unusable since the 7th (AD) century, that the city lost its importance and turned into a small settlement with the conquest of the Turks. The importance of Ayasuluk Port, which continued its activities in today's Pamucak region during the Aydınoğulları period, in close and long distance trade has been documented with excavation findings such as ceramics and coins, as well as written sources. The city had played an important role both regionally and in terms of interactions and culture-technology transfer between China, the Middle East and Europe. Although the Seljuk-Islamic ceramic production tradition and techniques, which came to the region with the Turks, are observed in the unearthed findings, the presence of imported products is also important in terms of reflecting the interactions. It is thought that concrete data, which cannot be reached with the research methods of social-humanities, can only be reached by archaeometric methods due to the insufficient written sources and information of the period. The presented project aims to reach new data on the role of Ayasuluk in the interactions between Asia and Europe. It covers the interdisciplinary research of 47 samples belonging to the Principalities-Early Ottoman periods, which were taken from the ceramics found during the archaeological excavations carried out between 1978-1993 under the presidency of the Ephesus Museum Directorate in the İsa Bey Bathhouse and which have not been analyzed before. Thus, after the Byzantine period, it is aimed to enable new interpretations on culture and technology transfer in connection with socio-economic changes, ceramic production and consumption. For this purpose, archaeometric analyzes of ceramics will be made by applying XRD, ICP-MS, SEM-EDS, Raman, FTIR spectroscopy and thin section petrography methods in order to find answers to questions about clay, lining, glaze properties and production technologies. The data to be obtained will be evaluated comparatively by bringing together the data previously obtained from other examples, which were included in the literature in a complex way. A digital catalogue will be formed by using the data about the production features of ceramics, origin, etc. The digital catalogue will be evaluated together with the socio-economic, urban, commercial and political developments of the region.Research Project Oksim Türevi Ligandlar İçeren Yeni Platin(II) Komplekslerinin Sentezi, Elektrokimyasal Karakterizasyonu ve DNA’ya Bağlanma AktivitesiChemical EngineeringThe interest in platinum based antitumor drugs has been started in 1960’s with the serendipitous discovery by Rosenberg of the inhibition of cell division by platinum complexes. Cisplatin, cisdiamminedichloroplatinum(II), was approved by United Sates FDA in 1978 as an antitumor drug. It most effective against testicular and ovarian cancer. Despite the success of cisplatin chemotherapy, it has several serious side effects such as nausea, vomiting, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neuropathy and myelosuppression. The other main reason for a failure of cisplatin chemotherapy is resistance of tumors to the drug. The resistance can be intrinsic or acquired and limits the applicability of cisplatin. Due to all of these reasons, the design and synthesis of more active, less toxic and orally active platinum drugs have been prompted in order to reduce severe side effects, to overcome drug resistance and to improve the patient’s quality of life. The main aim of this study is to synthesize novel platinum complexes with variety of ligands of oximes as potential anticancer drug leads providing better efficacy with low tissue resistance compared to cisplatin. Analysis of the products will be performed by UV-Vis, IR, ESR, ESCA, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR ve 195Pt-NMR methods and the crystal structures will be identified by using X-ray diffraction spectrophotometer. The change in the DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid: gene) conformation that is generated by the interaction (e.g groove binding, intercalation and H-bonding) of the complexes will be determined by electrophoresis with some spectroscopic and electrochemical methods.. Electrochemical behaviour of the complexes will be studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the constant potental electrolyses of the complexes will be carried out at the peak potentials. The changes in the electronic absorption spectra of the complexes will be followed in situ by UV-vis spectrophotometer during the electrolysis in order to identify the electrolysis products and possible reaction intermediates. The number of the electrons that are transferred during the electrolysis will be counted by coulommetric methods and the presence of the unpaired electrons or the radicals will be proved by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Moreover, the charges of the platinum ions present in the complex structure will be determined by ESCA and the structural identification of the complexes will also be performed by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonans) spectra besides X-ray diffraction spectrophotometer.Research Project Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Various Aromatic Polythioureas via Multicomponent PolymerizationChemical EngineeringIn recent years, multicomponent polymerization (MCP) method has attracted the attention of researchers due to its simple operation, high atom economy, high polymerization efficiency and high molecular weight of polymers without using catalyst under moderate conditions. In the MCP method used in the synthesis of different polythioamides and polythioureas, one of the reactants is aliphatic amines and unfortunately aromatic amines are not used directly. Due to this reason, in polythioamide syntheses, it is seen that aromatic diamines do not react with alkynes in the presence of elemental sulfur and therefore they are converted firstly to aromatic diisocyanides and this increases the cost of synthesis. There is no study on the use of aromatic diamines directly in the synthesis of polythioureas. In the light of this information, it is aimed to use the MCP method which is thought to be an economic and effective method for the use of elemental sulfur and aromatic diamine directly to obtain well defined, functional and workable polymeric structures without using catalyst in the project. In the MCP method, diisocyanides which are more reactive than the dialkyne reactant used previously will be used. The reactivity of diisocyanides to aromatic amines was supported by literature data and preliminary studies performed by our group. In addition, elemental sulfur, one of the most abundant elements in the world, is a non-toxic and stable solid under normal conditions and is an inexpensive substance that is readily available even at high purity grades. The use of aromatic diamines directly with elemental sulfur is very interesting in terms of practical, cost-effective and synthetic compatibility. With the use of aromatic diamines in the MCP method, the gateway for the synthesis of different polythioureas will be further expanded. For this purpose, the synthesis of 10 different polythioureas shown below will be carried out and characterization of the obtained products (NMR, FTIR, GPC, SEM, UV-Vis, DSC, TGA) will be performed. The data obtained will be examined comparatively with the methods used before for the synthesis of polythioureas. Due to today's polluted environment and limited energy reserves, it becomes important to develop highly efficient renewable technologies, green energy sources and environmentally friendly methods for environmental remediation and energy production. In this direction, hydrogen production becomes so important in the field of energy. In addition, the removal of heavy metals found in nature and organic matter in waste water is of great importance in environmental remediation. From this point of view, the preparation of nanocatalysts that will allow hydrogen production and removal of organic substances and materials that provide heavy metal removal attracts the attention of scientists. Thanks to the thiourea functional groups in the structure of different polythioureas to be synthesized by the MCP method, it can be used in mercury treatment (due to the ability of the thiourea groups and mercury ions to be complex) as well as to be used as support materials for the production of silver, palladium and copper nanoparticles. In this respect, firstly mercury removal capacity of the prepared polymers will be investigated. Then, the polymer-metal nanoparticle hybrid materials (4 different structures, polymer/AuNPs, polymer/AgNPs, polymer/CuNPs and polymer/PdNPs)) will be obtained by adding gold, silver, copper and palladium nanoparticles (separately) onto the polymer having the highest metal ion-holding capacity. The stability, catalytic activity and the effect of the interaction on the catalytic activity of the polymer/metal nanoparticle hybrid materials will be investigated in hydrogeneration from amine borane and photocatalytical removal of dye molecules founded in waste waters, respectively.Research Project Elektrikli bir araç için yüksek verimli güç aktarma organlarının tasarım ve imalatıAutomotive EngineeringAs a result of increasing environmental pollution and inefficient use of resources, global warming is among the most serious problems today. Studies carried out to solve this situation envisage the use of alternative propulsion systems and energy sources in vehicles. In this context, the main goal of this project is the conceptual design, manufacturing and testing of devices called electric motor, charging unit, battery pack and battery management system, which are the four main parts of an electric vehicle. An efficiency target at the IE4 level was determined in the conceptual design of the devices within the system, and the minimum conversion efficiency was determined as 90% according to this standard. While a brushless permanent magnet synchronous motor model was preferred in the motor design, a forward power design with two switches in the charging unit topology was preferred. Battery management system and packaging issues were studied together. In this way, cell voltages, temperatures, cooling method and current protection methods were studied in an integrated manner. The conceptual design and production of the products within the project have been completed and the relevant tests have been carried out. There are generally two methods of engine design in the literature. These are analytical and numerical approaches, and when the necessary processes are followed, the outputs of both methods should be the same. Therefore, both methods were used in this design study. Excel software was used for analytical calculations, and Ansys Rmxprt and 2D Maxwell software was used for numerical calculations.Research Project Self-Cleaning Surfaces: A New Approach for Water-Repellent SurfacesChemical EngineeringIt was observed that natural structures (such as lotus and rice leaves) which exhibit superhydrophobic (water-hating) and self-cleaning properties have micro- and nanoscale roughness on their surfaces. Typical superhydrophobic surface protects the surface from getting wet by repelling water drops. Owing to water repellency property, self-cleaning superhydrophobic surfaces have several applications in industry and daily life. In this study, the aim is to prepare superhydrophobic materials containing nano- and microscale surface roughness by using sol-gel and hydrothermal methods and to coat onto different surfaces (glass, paper,textile, metal etc.) In the study, in order to obtain nano- and microscale surface roughness, coating material will be prepared by using polymer, silica nanoparticles and metal complexes. Implementation of the prepared material onto the surface will be done via spray coating, spin-coating, and/or sol-dip-coating techniques. Hydrophobic and self-cleaning properties of the prepared material will be examined via contact angle and surface free energy measurements and the required optimizations will be done. Surface morphology, physical and chemical properties of the obtained surfaces will be characterized via SEM, TEM, UV-Vis and FTIR analysis. For the purpose of determining strength of material, some physical tests (film thickness, spreading and appearance, adhesion, strength, scratch resistance, brightness, adequacy of contamination, ultraviolet and temperature strength resistance) and chemical tests (detergent resistance and detergent /alkali) will be done. In the project, it is suggested that depending on coating type, surface can achieve properties such as antibacterial, anti-mold, antifungal, protection against acid, water and stain repellency, low contact adhesion, and preliminary studies for future are considered to be carried on in the biochemistry laboratory of our department. In the near future, when we consider the coating of surfaces exposing external factor that has mentioned above with this technology, the preparation of such a material at Atılım University and therewithal the production through industry partnership and introducing for usage while considering commercially carry great importance.Research Project Design and Synthesis of Novel Compounds Based on Dithienylpyrrole Systems Containing Azobenzene Units and Their Electrochemical and Optical Properties as well as Their Processable Conducting PolymersChemical EngineeringTwo dithienylpyrroles based on azo dyes, namely 2,5’-dimethyl-[4-(2,5-di-thiophen-2-yl-pyrrol-1- yl)-phenyl]azobenzene (1) and 2,5’-dimethyloxy-[4-(2,5-di-thiophen-2-yl-pyrrol-1-yl)-phenyl] azobenzene (2), were synthesized and their corresponding polymers (P1 and P2) were successfully obtained via electropolymerization. The monomers have lower oxidation potentials (0.75 V and 0.80 V vs. Ag/AgCl for 1 and 2, respectively) when compared to their analogous. Both monomers exhibited photoisomerism properties under irradiation at 360 nm. During the irradiation process, for example, the color of monomer 2 changes from yellow to greenish yellow. The electroactive polymer films have well-defined and reversible redox couples with a good cycle stability in both aqueous and organic solutions. The polymer films also exhibited electrochromic behaviors; color changes from yellowish green to dark green for the P1 (λma= 435 nm and Eg= 2.31 eV) and from mustard color to green for P2 (λmax= 430 nm and Eg= 2.34 eV). Furthermore, the soluble polymers demonstrated different hues of yellow and green colors. The electrochemical and optical properties of a novel conducting copolymer called poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene-co-1)-(P(EDOT-co-1)) are reported. Electrochemically synthesized P(EDOTco- 1) based on the azo dye has a well-defined and reversible redox couple (0.37 V vs. Ag/AgCl) with good cycle stability. The copolymer film exhibits high conductivity (13 S/cm) as well as electrochromic behavior (magenta when neutralized and transmissive sky blue when oxidized). Furthermore, electrooptically active copolymer film has a low band gap of 1.79 eV with a π−π* transition at 555 nm.Research Project Deniz Taşıtlarında Kullanılmak Üzere Su Temas Eden Yüzeyler İçin Çevre dostu Hallysit Kil modifiyeli Kapsülasyon Teknolojisi ile Endüstriyel Boya Geliştirme ProjesiThe project aims to develop a commercially available alternative to the so-called toxic paints that are currently used in marine vehicles, using environmentally friendly chemicals with reduced emission, which can be degraded in a short time after release by both sunlight and microbial degradation. Within the scope of this project, it is aimed to formulate DCOIT biocide with holloysite nanotubes by improving epoxy coating paint properties.Research Project Yönlendirilemeyen Yüzeylerin Gönderim Sınıf Gruplarının Cebirsel YapısıMathematicsMapping class groups of surfaces play a central role in the theory of low dimensional topology. Any information about algebraic structure of these groups might be useful in the solution of some topological problem of low dimensional manifolds. That is one reason why understanding algebraic sturucture of mapping class groups is so important. Consider a nonorientable connected genus g surface with k marked points. The main task of this project was to obtain information on the algebraic structure of the mapping class gorups of these surfaces. Through the project we have obtained results about automorphism groups of curve complexes of nonorientable surfaces and we gave some immediate applications of these results. In particular, we have shown that any isomorphism between two finite index subgroups of the mapping class group is given by the restriction of an inner automorphism of the mapping class group. Moreover, we have shown that the outer automorphism group of a nonorientable punctured surface of genus at least five is tirivial. Finally, we have observed that the Torelli subgroup of a nonorientable surface contains the generators analogous to those of orientable surfaces.Research Project Erken Dönem Ebeveynlik Desteği: Anne Duyarlığı ve Güvenli Bağlanmayı Arttırmaya Yönelik Müdahale Programı UygulamasıPrevious research has shown that caregiving behaviors that are ‘sensitive’ can be increased through positive feedback based systematic interventions. This project aims to adapt, implement, and empirically test the effectiveness of the VIPP: Video-Feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting (Juffer et. A., 1993; 2008), which has been shown to be highly effective in a vast number of studies in enhancing positive parenting practices and maternal sensitivity in the Western cultures. First, interveners were certified through training and the translation of the manual, tests and other related documents were completed, and then the research was conducted in two major cities of Turkey, Ankara (n = 76) and İstanbul (n = 27) for two years. Mothers (N = 103) were coming from low-SES backgrounds. Using a randomized control trial design, mother-child dyads were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 63) and control (n = 40) groups. A number of video recordings, observational assessments, and self-report measures were employed in the periods of pretest, posttest, and follow-up. Maternal sensitivity and child’s attachment security were assessed through observation-based measures. Mothers were also asked to complete a set of self-report measures assessing child temperament and psychological adjustment as well as their parental stress, relationship satisfaction, and own attachment orientations. Results have shown that mothers and children in the intervention and control groups were not significantly different in terms of their basic characteristics in the pretest. GLM Repeated Measures analyses using 2 factor (intervention X control) X 3 time (pretest, posttest and follow-up) yielded significant differences on three out of 10 main outcome variables. Specifically, interaction effects were significant on Ainsworth Sensitivity Scale, self-reported maternal attitudes toward sensitivity, and marital satisfaction, indicating that mothers’ sensitivity and related attitudes were positively changed and their marital satisfaction were enhanced following the intervention. Additional analyses that were conducted comparing the pretest and posttest as well as pretest and follow-up measures within the control and the intervention groups separately, suggested that the levels of maternal sensitivity measured by the MBQS, and the child attachment security measured by the AQS have increased in the intervention group in the posttest and follow-up periods. Moreover, children’s internalization problems significantly decreased in the intervention group. Finally, to better understand the effectiveness of the VIPP, potential risk groups (High Risk vs. Low Risk) were created using the median split on a number of variables, such as the level of psychological symptoms and attachment avoidance. The findings suggested that compared to the control group, mothers who were categorized in the high-risk groups benefited more from the intervention. Overall, xi results have demonstrated that the effectiveness of the VIPP application had a moderate effect size and may have higher effect size if it is applied to the mothers from disadvantaged groups. The limitations of the study, suggestions, and directions for both future interveners and researchers were discussed. In sum, within the scope of the current project, an effective intervention instrument targeting to enhance maternal sensitivity and child security in the early years of children in Turkey has been adapted and validated as well as a number of measures were provided for the future interveners and researchers in this arena.Research Project Sector-Specific Effective Exchange Rates and Determinants of Sectoral Exchange Rate Pass-through/Sektöre Özgü Efektif Döviz Kurları ve Sektörel Döviz Kuru Geçişkenliğinin BelirleyicileriEconomicsThis project was designed for two purposes. The first is to create effective exchange rate indices at the level of manufacturing industry sub-sectors and analyze the characteristics and developments of the indices. The second aim is to determine the sensitivity of sector-level prices to exchange rate movements and the factors that cause exchange rate pass-through to differ between manufacturing industry subsectors. We believe that the project results will provide important input not only in sector-level competitiveness analysis, but also in the impact analysis of industrial policies implemented using tools such as exchange rate and tax/incentive policies. Nominal effective exchange rate is the average of bilateral nominal rates selected according to a certain criterion, obtained using an appropriate weighting method. The real effective exchange rate is the nominal effective exchange rate adjusted for relative price or cost factors between countries. Since they contain information about international price/cost developments, real effective exchange rate indices are considered one of the important indicators used in evaluating a country's competitiveness in international markets. National and international organizations share indicators of countries' effective exchange rates with the public. However, since these indicators are calculated using general manufacturing industry data, they do not reflect differences at the sub-sector level. Considering that sector-specific competition, product diversity and foreign trade partners differ, it is thought that sector-specific exchange rate indices will follow a different course from the indices calculated for the entire manufacturing industry and will be more informative in understanding sectoral competitiveness developments. Recent academic literature draws attention to the importance of sector-specific indices. In this context, Saygılı et al. (2012) created indices for Turkey's 10 manufacturing sub-sectors and showed that the indices differ significantly between sectors. However, the study included a limited number of sectors and the analysis was terminated in 2010. In the first part of this study, Saygılı et al. (2012), effective exchange rate indices are created for manufacturing industry sub-sectors by following the calculation processes implemented by the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in method and data selection. Saygılı et al. (2012), the number of sectors covered is increased and the indices are brought up to date. International economic fluctuations affect domestic prices through nominal exchange rates. This concept is defined as exchange rate pass-through in the academic literature. Exchange rate pass-through may vary from sector to sector. The magnitude of this impact depends on various sector-specific factors. Various factors such as foreign trade openness, use of imported intermediates, connections with international production chains, competitive environment of the sector and productivity can affect the exchange rate sensitivity of sector level prices. The findings of the limited number of articles on this subject are that higher integration into global value chains and higher market concentration reduce exchange rate pass-through. In the second part of the study, the roles played by sector-specific indicators in exchange rate pass-through are analyzed using panel data methods. As a contribution to the literature, sector-specific exchange rate indices are included in the analysis.Research Project Preparation of Multifunctional Photocatalytic Nanocomposit Materials and, Usage in Hydrogen Output and Environmental Remediation/Çok Fonksiyonlu Fotokatalitik Nanokompozit Malzemelerin Hazırlanması, Hidrojen Eldesinde ve Çevre Islahında KullanımıChemical EngineeringDue to the increasingly polluted environment and the limited energy reserves, the development of high efficiency renewable technologies, green energy sources and eco-friendly methods for environmental remediation and energy production is highly important. Hydrogen (H2), as a clean and carbonless energy source, is of great potential in solving the environmental pollution and energy shortage. Turkey is a country that clued-in textile production. But widespread discharge of wastewaters from the textile industries, which contain large amounts of dyes, has become a great concern to the environment and ecosystem due to their non-biodegradability, toxicity, and potential carcinogenicity. Therefore finding effective treatment methods and extending the treatment units which use them is necessary. The need to meet stringent international regulations and standards for wastewater discharge has motivated the development of efficient, non-toxic and low-cost photocatalytic materials for the photodegradation of organic pollutants with solar energy in wastewater. Besides mild operating conditions photocatalytic process can be powered by sunlight which significantly reducing the energy required and therefore the operating costs. Thus, semiconductor photocatalysis has attracted widespread attention in scientific community due to its potential application in environmental remediation and hydrogen production. Owing to the strong oxidizability, nontoxicity, and long-term photostability, nanostructured titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) has many advantages when compared with other photocatalysts. However, there are still some shortcomings, such as the lack of a visible light response, a low quantum yield, and lower photocatalytic activity. To overcome these problems, studies have been focused on some strategies, including noble metal deposition, doping of metal or nonmetal ions, blending with another metal oxide, surface photosensitizing with dye, and compositing with polymer. In particular, organic/inorganic nanocomposite materials, where the organic major component is based on polymers, are a fast-growing area of research. Catalyst recovery and reuse are the two most important features for many catalytic processes. Most heterogeneous systems require a filtration or centrifugation step to recover the catalyst. However, magnetically supported catalysts can be recovered with an external magnet due to the paramagnetic character of the support thus remarkable catalyst recovery can be provided without the need for a filtration step and the catalysts can be subsequently reused in another cycle. In this study, it is planned to develop multifunctional organic-inorganic nanocomposite photocatalysts for H2 production from harmful volatile organic compounds (VOC) founded in industry based waste waters and provide environmental remediation with the removal of organic dyes founded in waste waters from industry simultaneously with photocatalytic degradation by using sunlight. For this purpose, novel magnetically recyclable, Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) and noble metal modified TiO2 based (CoFe2O4-PEDOT-TiO2/M, (M=Ag, Au, Pd)) nanocomposites with high photocatalytic activity and well-separation property will be produced. The photocatalytic properties (enhanced light absorption and charge-transfer kinetics) of the nanocomposites aimed to be enhanced by the synergetic effects of TiO2 nanoparticles, noble metal nanoparticles and PEDOT loading. Besides, with the addition of magnetic silica coated cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4@SiO2) nanoparticles into the nanocomposite structure, their separation from the liquid phase and reuse process can be done via application of an external magnetic field is the another aim of this study. The composition, structure, morphology, and optical properties of the prepared nanocomposites will be investigated by TEM, HR-TEM, STEM, FE-SEM, XPS, XRD, ICP-OES, N2-Ads.-Des., FTIR, Raman and UV-Vis. The comparative photocatalytic activity of the prepared catalysts will be investigated under different light sources (UV, Vis, sunlight). The ethanol which is an easily evaporable organic compound with a relatively low toxicity to study the photocatalytic degradation of VOC’s is chosen as model pollutant. To evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the produced catalysts in the degradation of organic dye, methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB), typical pollutants in the textile industry which have the relatively high toxicity and complex structures make them difficult to be treated by physical and biological methods, will be investigated under UV and Vis light irradiation. Finally the efficiency of the prepared multifunctional advanced materials on the mixture of model compounds and real samples will be investigatedResearch Project Development of e-Applications of Statistical and Mathematical Modeling with use of Atılım mPAD for Educational PurposesIndustrial EngineeringTechnology has gained a great importance in education with the progress of technology. Today, integrating the opportunities offered by technology into lectures suggests the use of technological tools and equipment in the classroom environment, especially for efficient and effective learning. Within this scope, there are e-learning studies in our country. One of these is Atılım mPAD, which is developed in our university. In this project, we aim to provide active participation of undergraduate students in classes and intensive use of technology and to integrate Atılım mPAD usage into different courses. The codes using the R software will be converted into e-applications through Atılım mPAD in order to facilitate the understanding of the subjects described in the courses such as Probability and Statistic for Engineers (IE220), Probability and Statistic I and II (IE201 ve IE202), Stochastic Models (IE324), Simulation (IE403), Statistical Applications in Industrial Engineering (IE442) given in industrial engineering department as well as Computer Applications in Business (MAN354 or ISL354), Quantitative Applications in Business (MAN122 or ISL122), Introduction to Probability and Statistic I and II (MATH291 or MATH293 and MATH292 or MATH294), Probability Theory and Statistics (MATH392) courses given in different departments. With these e-applications, it is suggested that the students increase their theoretical knowledge in the classroom environment. For this purpose, R codes will be created for each of the following subjects. These codes will be used by students during the course in Atılım mPAD environment. Calculation of basic descriptive statistics and graphical representation, various probability calculations, random number generation, hypothesis testing, regression, simulation of simple random experiments, simulation of basic queuing systems are discussed in the courses of probability and statistics. For the courses based on mathematical modeling, solutions of some optimization methods, numerical solutions of linear and nonlinear equations, interpolation and least squares method for approximation of functions will be discussed.Research Project Synthesis of Electroactive Chemiluminescent Compounds and Polymers for Blood Detection in ForensicChemical EngineeringCombination of pyridazine based and chemiluminescent units with electroactive compounds and conjugated polymers have been taken place recently. These compounds and conjugated polymers have been reported to be used instead of luminol in order to detect blood traces in forensic science. These studies resulted in the birth of a new series of compounds so-called “luminol-type compounds”. In this study, a new series of chemiluminescent and conjugated trimeric compounds bearing pyridazine ring (Scheme 1) and their polymers will be synthesized and characterized structurally. Then, their chemiluminescent properties and forensic applications (blood detection) will be scrutinized. Scheme 1. Chemical structure of the compounds bearing redox active terminals and chemiluminescent pyridazine units In order to achieve this aim, phthalic anhydride will be utilized to synthesize the target molecules in three steps. This will be advantageous when compared the synthesis of some luminol derivatives which require multiple steps. After the completion of the structural characterization of the compounds, the chemiluminescent reactions of the compounds in basic medium will be tested firstly in the presence of only hydrogen peroxide and then together with various metal cations as catalyst by using a photomultiplier tube. If iron ion is found to exhibit a catalytic role in the chemiluminescent process, the application of blood trace detection in forensic will be studied. First of all, hemin as a hemoglobin analogue will be used to get a standard curve and then the blood samples will be studied. Obtained data will be compared with luminol and its derivatives and also the effect of the substituents (electron donating units: furan, thiophene and selenophene) of the compounds on the chemiluminescent process will be investigated. Next step will be the electrochemical polymerization of the compounds. The structural analyses of the polymers will be studied by using voltammetric and spectroscopic methods (cyclic voltammetry, NMR, FTIR, UV-vis, SEM, GPC, etc.). Chemiluminescent properties and forensic applications of their polymers will also be studied. Furthermore, since the polymers can be obtained as films via electrochemical polymerization, the electrochemiluminescent properties of these polymers will also be investigated. In addition to the polymers’ structural characterization, their electrochemical and optical properties will be studied to search for their possible opto-electronic applications. When the project has reached to its aims, a new series of the chemiluminescent compounds will be synthesized after only a few steps by starting with a cheap compound called phthalic anhydride. Unfortunately, the interest of the present luminol type compounds in the literature is limited since they are synthesized in multiple steps. A new series of the compounds will be obtained for the family of luminol type compounds when the syntheses of the compounds are realized. Due to the systematic synthesis of the compounds (Group 6A: O (furan), S (thiophene), Se (selenophene) atoms used for the same template compound), the effect of the electron donating units will be investigated on the chemiluminescent property. In conclusion, new compounds that are alternative to the luminol used in forensic application will be brought into the literature.Research Project Paralel Hibrit Elektrikli Aracın Güç Aktarma Organların Simülasyonu, Tasarımı ve Deney Düzeneği KurulumuAutomotive EngineeringA parallel or mechanically coupled hybrid drivetrain has features that allow both the engine and the traction motor to apply their mechanical power in parallel directly to the drive wheels. The major advantages of a torque-coupling parallel configuration over a series configuration are (1) the non-necessity of a generator, (2) a smaller traction motor, and (3) only part of the engine power going through multi-power conversion. Hence, the overall efficiency can be higher than in the series hybrid. This project is studying the parallel configuration of a hybrid driveline both numerically and experimentally. The mathematical model of driveline was developed in Matlab/Simulink software. Power shifting between Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and Electric Motor (EM) was carried out by using the appropriate control strategy during the different driving conditions (acceleration, deceleration, and braking). An experimental setup of driveline was established in the ICE laboratory of the Automotive Engineering Department of Atılım University. All experiments were done in controlled conditions. The states of the system (ICE speed, EM speed and torque, Dynamometer load, Battery package voltage, SOC) are measurable to apply a suitable power shifting control method. The Driveline model were tuned by using experimental data.Research Project Otomotiv Mühendisliği Bölümünün Yarış Aracının (ATEV2022) Süspansiyon Sisteminin Optimazasyon ÇalışmasıAutomotive EngineeringThis project is suggesting an optimum design for suspension system of ATEV2020 vehicle (Automotive Engineering Department racing car). Different models of suspension were investigated and compared according to their functionality in the target vehicle. Some parameters like minimum manufacturing error, feasibility in mounting the parts, driver comfort, vehicle stabilitiy and degree of ease in setting steering angles were considered in selection period. The selected mechanism’s CAD model were assembled on the vehicle and its dynamic effects were investigated by composing a model in Matlab software. Matlab/SimMechanics toolbox was used for this kind of simulation. In order to understand the concept of mechanism, 2D model equations are extracted from the literature. Then the model is expanded for 3D application. As the 3D models for suspension system are not available in the literature, it is thought that this kind of study will contribute significantly to the design of suspension system on vehicle prototypes.Research Project One Question One Answer: Academy-Industry Collaboration PlatformCollaboration between academy and industry is a desired activity by parties from both domains. However, in practice, there are various challenges that hamper the collaboration which includes differences in motivations, goals, benefits and language as well as allocation of costs of collaboration to the parties. The importance of the topic can be supported by the accelerating attempts to increase the number of collaborations between academy and industry though international and national funds and programs. The traditional instruments for bringing the parties together and facilitating communication has been the official meetings, panels, seminars which are heavy-weight processes and are subject to time, location and cost constraints. Alternatively, there are several centralized and private databases operated by third parties (typically by government agencies) that maintain research related information about researcher and industry partners; however, they have limitations in terms of public accessibility, population and accuracy. In this project an online platform that facilitates academy-industry collaboration by improved on-line communication medium is proposed. The communication quality of the platform will be based on an open, direct, instantaneous, location and time independent exchange of profiles, interests and specific calls of each user from any domain. The platform will operate on the internet and will have a responsive design which can be accessed by internet browsers on various devices such as smart phones, tablet devices and PCs. The platform will have query and reporting features so as to support understating trends in collaboration and the analysis of collaboration activities (e.g., most active collaboration topics, industry, research fields, etc.) After the successful implementation of the project pilot trails will be conducted by making the system available to selected universities including Atılım University and several industry partners from selected industries (e.g., chemicals, software). Following the improvements based on the trial findings, the platform will be made available to public and an increase in the count and quality of collaborations is expected.
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