Projeler / Projects

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Synthesis and Applications of High Sulfur Content Polymeric Materials/Yüksek Kükürt İçerikli Polimerik Malzemelerin Sentezi ve Uygulamaları
Chemical Engineering
Sulfur has been used in various applications. With approximately 70 million tonnes produced each year from petroleum refining, elemental sulfur is widely available and inexpensive (∼$120 USD per tonne). A significant portion of sulfur is used in the production of sulfuric acid. Although elemental sulfur is not toxic, it is a flammable solid so finding productive uses for this stockpiled material under the open air is important. Finding large-scale uses for this sulfur, such as conversion to useful polymers, would be an important advance. Polymerization of elemental sulfur has long been studied. Sulfur polymerizes above 159 oC. Unfortunately, the polymeric sulfur undergoes depolymerization since elemental sulfur is more stable thermodynamically at room temperature. As a solution for this problem, in Pyun’s pioneering study, an alkene was used as an organic cross-linker via inverse vulcanization method. In this study, sulfur was heated to 185 °C to initiate ring-opening polymerization and then, addition of alkene resulted in cross-linking. Because of the high sulfur content (50-90 wt%) and the corresponding polysulfur copolymers represented several interesting chemical, material, and optical properties: redox acitivity (cathode materials for Li-S batteries), a high refractive index and a mid IR region of transparency (night vision, thermal imaging), self healing, heavy metal ions remediation, etc. These usage areas have inspired further exploration of inverse vulcanization with a variety of unsaturated cross-linkers to obtain polysulfides with various properties. On the other hand, today vegetable oils are the most important renewable raw material for the chemical industry. About 80% of the global oil and fat production is vegetable oil. These oils make highly pure fatty acids available such as oleic acid (OA) from sunflower, linoleic acid (LA) from soybean, linolenic acid (LnA) from linseed, and ricinoleic acid from castor oil (Figure 1.1(a)). Vegetable oils are expected to play a key role during the 21st century to synthesize polymers from renewable sources. Within this contribution, the project is aimed at the synthesis and application of new high sulfur content polymeric materials using fatty acids (Figure 1.1(a)). Figure 1. (a) Chemical structures of some fatty acids, (b) the synthesis and chemical modification (poly(S-r-OA)-PE) of a polsulfur copolymer (poly(S-r-OA)) via inverse vulcanization. Due to the presence of double bonds, these pure fatty acids will be used firstly for cross-linking by using inverse vulcanization method (Figure 1.1(b)). Correponding copolymers are expected to be soluble in common organic solvents, processable and electroactive. In particular, the effect of double bonds and the free alkyl chains on the polysulfur copolymers will be investigated systematically by using OA, LA and LnA. Another feature of the copolymers obtained from these fatty acids will be the presence of reactive functional units (-COOH), which makes it possible to make chemical modifications (amide, ester, etc. linkages) of the polysulfur copolymers and to convert them into new polymers with different properties. With this project, the first examples of high sulfur content derivatives of polyesters and polyamides (like poly(S-r-OA)-PE) may have been synthesized by the chemical modification (esterification and amidation) of polysulfur copolymers. After inverse vulcanization process, the characterization of the obtained polysulfur copolymers will be done by using NMR, Raman, FTIR, UV, GPC, SEM, DSC, TGA etc., techniques. Electrochemical, optical, and material properties of the polymers will be investigated and tested as potential promising materials for use in Li-S batteries, heavy metal ions remediation and photocatalytic dye removal. The properties of obtained polymers will be compared with each other as well as with the literature data. Lastly, studies will be carried out to produce polymers in kg scale, and the applicability of the method to be applied to the industry will be tested. With reaching the project targets, it will be possible to polymerize elemental sulfur with the renewable vegetable fatty acids; therefore, huge amounts of sulfur can be used more effectively and an important step for sustainable synthesis/production in the polymer industry will be realized.
Atılım mPAD’e özel İstatistik Uygulaması: Probability & Statistrics (PS) Files
Industrial Engineering
Recently, the effective use of technology in the field of education is increasing rapidly. For this reason, various suggestions have been presented in order to increase the use of technological tools and equipment in the course environment and to ensure that they are used effectively. In this context, Atılım mPAD, developed within the scope of Atılım University Mobile Education Project, is a supportive product for e-learning. In this project, it is aimed to ensure the sustainability of mPADs, which are actively used for educational purposes in Atılım University Preparatory School, by making them available throughout undergraduate education. In this direction, Probability and Statistics courses, which are compulsory for all departments in the Faculty of Engineering, and some departments of the Faculties of Arts and Sciences, Business Administration and Health Sciences, which are taken by many students at the undergraduate level, were handled as a pilot application. "Probability & Statistics (PS) Files" application that will work on Atılım mPAD will be developed in order to make students' learning more effective and to ensure their active participation in these courses. With the developed PS Files application, it is aimed to increase students' mastery of theoretical subjects in the classroom environment. In addition, with the use of Atılım mPAD during the teaching of statistics applications, an active learning will be realized without creating a physical barrier during face-to-face verbal communication in the lessons. Moreover, it is aimed that the students actively participate in the lessons and have the opportunities in laboratory conditions both in the course and whenever they want and in any place.
Rotator Cuff Yaralanmalarında Yaralanma Seviyesi ile Scapula Rotasyonu Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Rotator cuff injuries are prevalent across all age groups, involving damage to the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis muscles. Scapular rotation plays a pivotal role in shoulder movements. While the literature contains studies on the associations between rotator cuff injuries and scapular dyskinesis, scapular rhythm, and anatomical scapular position, a comprehensive investigation into the relationship between the severity of rotator cuff injuries and scapular rotation degrees remains conspicuously absent. The primary objective of this study is to discern the correlation between the degree of injury and scapular rotation in individuals afflicted with rotator cuff injuries of varying severity. The secondary purpose of our study is to determine the relationship between scapular rotation and shoulder joint range of motion at different levels of rotator cuff tears. The initial phase of the study will involve 20 participants. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, the required sample size will be calculated with 80% power. Individuals with rotator cuff injuries ranging from level I to IV according to MRI reports will be included in the study. Demographic data will be collected from the participants and the Palpation Meter (Palm) will be used to measure participants' scapular rotation in the coronal plane. Furthermore, the impact of rotator cuff tear severity on scapular rotation's effect on shoulder joint range of motion will be assessed by evaluating shoulder joint range of motion using the Baseline Digital Goniometer following the rotator cuff tear. After obtaining this data, the statistical analyses will be conducted to determine the relationship between injury severity and scapular rotation. The study's outcomes are expected to provide a substantial contribution to the existing body of knowledge, particularly in cases where statistical and clinical significance is demonstrated in scapular rotation for individuals experiencing different levels of rotator cuff injuries. Furthermore, this research has the potential to guide clinical evaluations of scapular rotation across various injury severities, consequently informing the development of treatment protocols and to provide guidance for future investigations.
Synthesis of Electroactive Chemiluminescent Compounds and Polymers for Blood Detection in Forensic
Chemical Engineering
Combination of pyridazine based and chemiluminescent units with electroactive compounds and conjugated polymers have been taken place recently. These compounds and conjugated polymers have been reported to be used instead of luminol in order to detect blood traces in forensic science. These studies resulted in the birth of a new series of compounds so-called “luminol-type compounds”. In this study, a new series of chemiluminescent and conjugated trimeric compounds bearing pyridazine ring (Scheme 1) and their polymers will be synthesized and characterized structurally. Then, their chemiluminescent properties and forensic applications (blood detection) will be scrutinized. Scheme 1. Chemical structure of the compounds bearing redox active terminals and chemiluminescent pyridazine units In order to achieve this aim, phthalic anhydride will be utilized to synthesize the target molecules in three steps. This will be advantageous when compared the synthesis of some luminol derivatives which require multiple steps. After the completion of the structural characterization of the compounds, the chemiluminescent reactions of the compounds in basic medium will be tested firstly in the presence of only hydrogen peroxide and then together with various metal cations as catalyst by using a photomultiplier tube. If iron ion is found to exhibit a catalytic role in the chemiluminescent process, the application of blood trace detection in forensic will be studied. First of all, hemin as a hemoglobin analogue will be used to get a standard curve and then the blood samples will be studied. Obtained data will be compared with luminol and its derivatives and also the effect of the substituents (electron donating units: furan, thiophene and selenophene) of the compounds on the chemiluminescent process will be investigated. Next step will be the electrochemical polymerization of the compounds. The structural analyses of the polymers will be studied by using voltammetric and spectroscopic methods (cyclic voltammetry, NMR, FTIR, UV-vis, SEM, GPC, etc.). Chemiluminescent properties and forensic applications of their polymers will also be studied. Furthermore, since the polymers can be obtained as films via electrochemical polymerization, the electrochemiluminescent properties of these polymers will also be investigated. In addition to the polymers’ structural characterization, their electrochemical and optical properties will be studied to search for their possible opto-electronic applications. When the project has reached to its aims, a new series of the chemiluminescent compounds will be synthesized after only a few steps by starting with a cheap compound called phthalic anhydride. Unfortunately, the interest of the present luminol type compounds in the literature is limited since they are synthesized in multiple steps. A new series of the compounds will be obtained for the family of luminol type compounds when the syntheses of the compounds are realized. Due to the systematic synthesis of the compounds (Group 6A: O (furan), S (thiophene), Se (selenophene) atoms used for the same template compound), the effect of the electron donating units will be investigated on the chemiluminescent property. In conclusion, new compounds that are alternative to the luminol used in forensic application will be brought into the literature.
Paralel Hibrit Elektrikli Aracın Güç Aktarma Organların Simülasyonu, Tasarımı ve Deney Düzeneği Kurulumu
Automotive Engineering
A parallel or mechanically coupled hybrid drivetrain has features that allow both the engine and the traction motor to apply their mechanical power in parallel directly to the drive wheels. The major advantages of a torque-coupling parallel configuration over a series configuration are (1) the non-necessity of a generator, (2) a smaller traction motor, and (3) only part of the engine power going through multi-power conversion. Hence, the overall efficiency can be higher than in the series hybrid. This project is studying the parallel configuration of a hybrid driveline both numerically and experimentally. The mathematical model of driveline was developed in Matlab/Simulink software. Power shifting between Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and Electric Motor (EM) was carried out by using the appropriate control strategy during the different driving conditions (acceleration, deceleration, and braking). An experimental setup of driveline was established in the ICE laboratory of the Automotive Engineering Department of Atılım University. All experiments were done in controlled conditions. The states of the system (ICE speed, EM speed and torque, Dynamometer load, Battery package voltage, SOC) are measurable to apply a suitable power shifting control method. The Driveline model were tuned by using experimental data.
Otomotiv Mühendisliği Bölümünün Yarış Aracının (ATEV2022) Süspansiyon Sisteminin Optimazasyon Çalışması
Automotive Engineering
This project is suggesting an optimum design for suspension system of ATEV2020 vehicle (Automotive Engineering Department racing car). Different models of suspension were investigated and compared according to their functionality in the target vehicle. Some parameters like minimum manufacturing error, feasibility in mounting the parts, driver comfort, vehicle stabilitiy and degree of ease in setting steering angles were considered in selection period. The selected mechanism’s CAD model were assembled on the vehicle and its dynamic effects were investigated by composing a model in Matlab software. Matlab/SimMechanics toolbox was used for this kind of simulation. In order to understand the concept of mechanism, 2D model equations are extracted from the literature. Then the model is expanded for 3D application. As the 3D models for suspension system are not available in the literature, it is thought that this kind of study will contribute significantly to the design of suspension system on vehicle prototypes.
One Question One Answer: Academy-Industry Collaboration Platform
Collaboration between academy and industry is a desired activity by parties from both domains. However, in practice, there are various challenges that hamper the collaboration which includes differences in motivations, goals, benefits and language as well as allocation of costs of collaboration to the parties. The importance of the topic can be supported by the accelerating attempts to increase the number of collaborations between academy and industry though international and national funds and programs. The traditional instruments for bringing the parties together and facilitating communication has been the official meetings, panels, seminars which are heavy-weight processes and are subject to time, location and cost constraints. Alternatively, there are several centralized and private databases operated by third parties (typically by government agencies) that maintain research related information about researcher and industry partners; however, they have limitations in terms of public accessibility, population and accuracy. In this project an online platform that facilitates academy-industry collaboration by improved on-line communication medium is proposed. The communication quality of the platform will be based on an open, direct, instantaneous, location and time independent exchange of profiles, interests and specific calls of each user from any domain. The platform will operate on the internet and will have a responsive design which can be accessed by internet browsers on various devices such as smart phones, tablet devices and PCs. The platform will have query and reporting features so as to support understating trends in collaboration and the analysis of collaboration activities (e.g., most active collaboration topics, industry, research fields, etc.) After the successful implementation of the project pilot trails will be conducted by making the system available to selected universities including Atılım University and several industry partners from selected industries (e.g., chemicals, software). Following the improvements based on the trial findings, the platform will be made available to public and an increase in the count and quality of collaborations is expected.
Preparation of Multifunctional Photocatalytic Nanocomposit Materials and, Usage in Hydrogen Output and Environmental Remediation/Çok Fonksiyonlu Fotokatalitik Nanokompozit Malzemelerin Hazırlanması, Hidrojen Eldesinde ve Çevre Islahında Kullanımı
Chemical Engineering
Due to the increasingly polluted environment and the limited energy reserves, the development of high efficiency renewable technologies, green energy sources and eco-friendly methods for environmental remediation and energy production is highly important. Hydrogen (H2), as a clean and carbonless energy source, is of great potential in solving the environmental pollution and energy shortage. Turkey is a country that clued-in textile production. But widespread discharge of wastewaters from the textile industries, which contain large amounts of dyes, has become a great concern to the environment and ecosystem due to their non-biodegradability, toxicity, and potential carcinogenicity. Therefore finding effective treatment methods and extending the treatment units which use them is necessary. The need to meet stringent international regulations and standards for wastewater discharge has motivated the development of efficient, non-toxic and low-cost photocatalytic materials for the photodegradation of organic pollutants with solar energy in wastewater. Besides mild operating conditions photocatalytic process can be powered by sunlight which significantly reducing the energy required and therefore the operating costs. Thus, semiconductor photocatalysis has attracted widespread attention in scientific community due to its potential application in environmental remediation and hydrogen production. Owing to the strong oxidizability, nontoxicity, and long-term photostability, nanostructured titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) has many advantages when compared with other photocatalysts. However, there are still some shortcomings, such as the lack of a visible light response, a low quantum yield, and lower photocatalytic activity. To overcome these problems, studies have been focused on some strategies, including noble metal deposition, doping of metal or nonmetal ions, blending with another metal oxide, surface photosensitizing with dye, and compositing with polymer. In particular, organic/inorganic nanocomposite materials, where the organic major component is based on polymers, are a fast-growing area of research. Catalyst recovery and reuse are the two most important features for many catalytic processes. Most heterogeneous systems require a filtration or centrifugation step to recover the catalyst. However, magnetically supported catalysts can be recovered with an external magnet due to the paramagnetic character of the support thus remarkable catalyst recovery can be provided without the need for a filtration step and the catalysts can be subsequently reused in another cycle. In this study, it is planned to develop multifunctional organic-inorganic nanocomposite photocatalysts for H2 production from harmful volatile organic compounds (VOC) founded in industry based waste waters and provide environmental remediation with the removal of organic dyes founded in waste waters from industry simultaneously with photocatalytic degradation by using sunlight. For this purpose, novel magnetically recyclable, Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) and noble metal modified TiO2 based (CoFe2O4-PEDOT-TiO2/M, (M=Ag, Au, Pd)) nanocomposites with high photocatalytic activity and well-separation property will be produced. The photocatalytic properties (enhanced light absorption and charge-transfer kinetics) of the nanocomposites aimed to be enhanced by the synergetic effects of TiO2 nanoparticles, noble metal nanoparticles and PEDOT loading. Besides, with the addition of magnetic silica coated cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4@SiO2) nanoparticles into the nanocomposite structure, their separation from the liquid phase and reuse process can be done via application of an external magnetic field is the another aim of this study. The composition, structure, morphology, and optical properties of the prepared nanocomposites will be investigated by TEM, HR-TEM, STEM, FE-SEM, XPS, XRD, ICP-OES, N2-Ads.-Des., FTIR, Raman and UV-Vis. The comparative photocatalytic activity of the prepared catalysts will be investigated under different light sources (UV, Vis, sunlight). The ethanol which is an easily evaporable organic compound with a relatively low toxicity to study the photocatalytic degradation of VOC’s is chosen as model pollutant. To evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the produced catalysts in the degradation of organic dye, methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB), typical pollutants in the textile industry which have the relatively high toxicity and complex structures make them difficult to be treated by physical and biological methods, will be investigated under UV and Vis light irradiation. Finally the efficiency of the prepared multifunctional advanced materials on the mixture of model compounds and real samples will be investigated
Development of e-Applications of Statistical and Mathematical Modeling with use of Atılım mPAD for Educational Purposes
Industrial Engineering
Technology has gained a great importance in education with the progress of technology. Today, integrating the opportunities offered by technology into lectures suggests the use of technological tools and equipment in the classroom environment, especially for efficient and effective learning. Within this scope, there are e-learning studies in our country. One of these is Atılım mPAD, which is developed in our university. In this project, we aim to provide active participation of undergraduate students in classes and intensive use of technology and to integrate Atılım mPAD usage into different courses. The codes using the R software will be converted into e-applications through Atılım mPAD in order to facilitate the understanding of the subjects described in the courses such as Probability and Statistic for Engineers (IE220), Probability and Statistic I and II (IE201 ve IE202), Stochastic Models (IE324), Simulation (IE403), Statistical Applications in Industrial Engineering (IE442) given in industrial engineering department as well as Computer Applications in Business (MAN354 or ISL354), Quantitative Applications in Business (MAN122 or ISL122), Introduction to Probability and Statistic I and II (MATH291 or MATH293 and MATH292 or MATH294), Probability Theory and Statistics (MATH392) courses given in different departments. With these e-applications, it is suggested that the students increase their theoretical knowledge in the classroom environment. For this purpose, R codes will be created for each of the following subjects. These codes will be used by students during the course in Atılım mPAD environment. Calculation of basic descriptive statistics and graphical representation, various probability calculations, random number generation, hypothesis testing, regression, simulation of simple random experiments, simulation of basic queuing systems are discussed in the courses of probability and statistics. For the courses based on mathematical modeling, solutions of some optimization methods, numerical solutions of linear and nonlinear equations, interpolation and least squares method for approximation of functions will be discussed.
Preparation of Novel Nanostructures with High Light to Heat Conversion and Investigation of their Fhotothermal Efficiencies and Toxicities/Yakın Kızılötesi Bölgede Yüksek Işık-Isı Çevrimine Sahip Özgün Nanoyapıların Hazırlanması, Fototermal Etkinliklerinin ve Toksisitelerinin Araştırılması
Chemical Engineering
Cancer is known as one of the main causes of death and according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Organization accounted for 8.2 million deaths worldwide in 2012 with an increasing incidence rate. For this reason, progressing efficient therapeutic strategies with low toxicities to eradicate tumours specificly, is considered as the main object in the cancer treatments. Poor specificity toward malignant tissues, systemic side effects, low efficacy and drug resistance are the well-known disadvantages of widely applied radiation and chemotherapies. Thus, to improve the cancer therapy, it is expected that the therapeutic methods should eliminate only diseased cells/tissues without causing collateral damage selectively. The development of new protocols for biomedical application are encouraged by advanced nanotechnologies and production of novel nanomaterials. When it is compared the conventional tratment like surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy with nanoparticle approach, nanoparticle treatments are minimally invasive and should result in minimal side effects. Accordingly, novel and effective therapeutics with unique light-to-heat conversion property of nanoscale materials can be utilized for cancer treatment. Among them, near-infrared (NIR) region photothermal therapy (PTT) has become more popular and developed quickly due to minimally invasive treatments for patients. Generally, photothermal therapy depends on the photosensitizers taken up by cancer cells to transfer light to heat, leading to photoablation of the cells and subsequent cell death. Therefore, photosensitizing agents are a key factor in photothermal therapy. In PTT, due to its easy operation, ability to be locally focused on a specific region and minimal absorbance by skin and tissues to allow for noninvasive penetration of reasonably deep tissues, near-infrared (NIR) light (700–1000 nm) is preferred. Recently, due to their high photothermal conversion efficiency and the ease of synthesis and modification, inorganic based fotothermal therapy agents (PTA) have received great interest. Among them, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are considered as a special photosensitizer due to their strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Different types of Au nanoparticle based photosensitizers in photothermal therapy, like nanorods, nanocages, and nano-core–shells, nanostars have been reported. Unfortunately, the problem related to the potential toxicity induced by photothermal agents (especially for carbon nanotubes or graphene, CTAB coated Au rods, copper sulfide crystals and iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs), is still an unresolved debate, which will inevitably limit future clinic applications of PTT. Therefore, it is significant to explore an effective fototermal therapy agent in order to decrease the extra-high-dose nanoparticles used in photothermal ablation of cancer with NIR irradiation which can generate potential toxicity to the body. In addition, with the presence of effective agents in the near infrared region, deeper cases may be treated with photothermal therapy. In this project proposal, it is aimed to develop novel photothermal therapy agents, which can reduce toxic effect, using in very small quantities, by increasing the light to heat conversion efficiency and be able to provide treatment even in deeper case due to the effective light to heat conversion in the near infrared region (NIR) because of the different and improved plasmon resonance properties than the photothermal agents in the literature.For this it is planned to prepare 6 different phototermal agent and detection of the efficiencies of them in photothermal therapy. The first two of these structures will be formed by adding gold (AuNPs) and gold-silver bimetallic nanoparticles (AuAgNPs) of 1-3 nm in size onto the hollow gold nanoparticles (Hollow AuNPs) with a 60-100 nm size and 5-10 nm shell thickness (AuNPs/HollowAuNPs(1. agent), AuAgNPs/HollowAuNPs (2. agent)). The third and fourth agents will be prepared by adding gold nanoparticles and gold-silver bimetallic nanoparticles of 1-3 nm in size on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with a thin silica shell (AuNPs/Fe3O4-SiO2 (3. agent) ve AuAgNPs/Fe3O4-SiO2 (4. agent)). The proposed last two agents will be formed with the addition of gold nanoparticles and gold-silver bimetallic nanoparticles onto the resulting structure formed by the addition of gold shells over the thin silica layer coated iron oxide nanoparticles (AuNPs/AuShell/Fe3O4-SiO2 (5. agent), ve AuAgNPs/AuShell/Fe3O4-SiO2 (6. agent)). Characterization of the photothermal therapy agents will be done by using HR-TEM, XPS, VSM, ICP-OES, XRD, UV-Vis, Raman. The photothermal effects of the prepared structures will then be measured by using an 808 nm wavelength laser irradiation in solution and then their activity in the cancer cell line (in vitro) will be investigated. Finally, toxicity studies of photothermal agents will be carried out.
Donör-akseptör düzeninde yeni bir bileşik grubununtasarımı, sentezi ve iletken polimerlerinin uygulama alanları
Chemical Engineering
Donor-acceptor-based electrochromic polymers, unknown in the literature, were synthesized and the optical and electrochemical properties of these materials were examined. In this study, in which both the donor effect and the acceptor effect were examined, soluble and processable materials with colors such as green, blue, cyan and black, although very few in number in the literature, were synthesized which are indispensable for their application areas. Necessary characterization studies have been carried out for the anticipated technological applications.
Synthesis And Applications of New Conjugated Polymeric Materials Based on Carborane
Chemical Engineering
Combination of conjugated polymers and carborane units under the same roof was taken place recently, for the first time in 2003. In very few number of studies in the literature, it was reported that carborane units gave thermal, mechanical, optical and electrochemical stability to the condujugated polymers. In this study, in order to overcome the problems faced by the industrial field of conjugated polymers (insolubility, thermal, mechanical, optical and electrochemical instability, etc.) the inorganic and organic units will be melted in the same pot for producing new carborane based polymeric materials. In the first two years of the project, initially carborane based electron donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type new inorganic-organic hybrid monomers will be designed and synthesized and then soluble conjugated polymers (low band gap, reversible electronic and optical properties, n- and/or p-type doping behavior, fast switching of various redox states and different colors and environmetally and thermally stable novel florescent conjugated polymers) will be tried to obtain by use of electrochemical and chemical methods. While alkyl substituted 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene and carbazole units will be used as D unit, carborane units will be used as A unit. Tetrabutylammonium salts (perchlorate, tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate) as the supporting electrolyte and acetonitrile, dichloromethane and/or propylene carbonate will be used as the solvent in the electrochemical polymerization. For the chemical polymerization, Stille Coupling, anhydrous FeCl3 and / or CuI oxidant and/or Yamamoto type Ni (0) dehalogenation polymerization techniques will be used. After the investigation of the electrochemical, optical and thermal properties of the obtained polymeric materials, studies for the industrial and technological applications (electrochromic devices and light emitting diodes (LEDs)) will be done at Atılım University and METU by experienced teams in the last two years of the project. When the materials designed in the project are moved successfully to the industrial fields such as electrochromic devices and LED applications, it will be brought to a solution to an industrial problem by using carborane chemicals. As a result, it will be the primary purpose and goal of our project to overcome the problem faced by industrial areas (electrochromic devices and LEDs) with the products based on special carboranes, which can be synthesized in our country.
LİNEER OLMAYAN ÜÇLÜ SCHRÖDİNGER DENKLEMİ İÇİN YAPI KORUYAN SAYISAL YÖNTEMLER
Mathematics
A nonlinear implicit energy-conserving scheme and a linearly implicit mass-conserving scheme are constructed for the numerical solution of a three-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Both methods are second order. The numerical experiments verify the theoretical results that while the nonlinear implicit scheme preserves the energy, the linearly implicit method preserves the mass of the system. In addition, the schemes are quite accurate in the preservation of the other conserved quantities of the system. Elastic collision, creation of new vector soliton, and fusion of soliton are observed in the solitary wave evolution. The numerical methods are proven to be highly efficient and stable in the simulation of the periodic and solitary waves of the equation in long terms. Dispersive analysis of the equation and the numerical methoda is investigated.
: Synthesis of Electroactive Chemiluminescent Compounds and Polymers for Blood Detection in Forensic/Adli-Tıpta Kan Teşhisi için Elektroaktif Kemilüminesans Bileşiklerin ve Polimerlerin Sentezi
Chemical Engineering
Project Summary Combination of pyridazine based and chemiluminescent units with electroactive compounds and conjugated polymers have been taken place recently. These compounds and conjugated polymers have been reported to be used instead of luminol in order to detect blood traces in forensic science. These studies resulted in the birth of a new series of compounds so-called “luminol-type compounds”. In this study, a new series of chemiluminescent and conjugated trimeric compounds bearing pyridazine ring (Scheme 1) and their polymers will be synthesized and characterized structurally. Then, their chemiluminescent properties and forensic applications (blood detection) will be scrutinized. Scheme 1. Chemical structure of the compounds bearing redox active terminals and chemiluminescent pyridazine units In order to achieve this aim, phthalic anhydride will be utilized to synthesize the target molecules in three steps. This will be advantageous when compared the synthesis of some luminol derivatives which require multiple steps. After the completion of the structural characterization of the compounds, the chemiluminescent reactions of the compounds in basic medium will be tested firstly in the presence of only hydrogen peroxide and then together with various metal cations as catalyst by using a photomultiplier tube. If iron ion is found to exhibit a catalytic role in the chemiluminescent process, the application of blood trace detection in forensic will be studied. First of all, hemin as a hemoglobin analogue will be used to get a standard curve and then the blood samples will be studied. Obtained data will be compared with luminol and its derivatives and also the effect of the substituents (electron donating units: furan, thiophene and selenophene) of the compounds on the chemiluminescent process will be investigated. Next step will be the electrochemical polymerization of the compounds. The structural analyses of the polymers will be studied by using voltammetric and spectroscopic methods (cyclic voltammetry, NMR, FTIR, UV-vis, SEM, GPC, etc.). Chemiluminescent properties and forensic applications of their polymers will also be studied. Furthermore, since the polymers can be obtained as films via electrochemical polymerization, the electrochemiluminescent properties of these polymers will also be investigated. In addition to the polymers’ structural characterization, their electrochemical and optical properties will be studied to search for their possible opto-electronic applications. When the project has reached to its aims, a new series of the chemiluminescent compounds will be synthesized after only a few steps by starting with a cheap compound called phthalic anhydride. Unfortunately, the interest of the present luminol type compounds in the literature is limited since they are synthesized in multiple steps. A new series of the compounds will be obtained for the family of luminol type compounds when the syntheses of the compounds are realized. Due to the systematic synthesis of the compounds (Group 6A: O (furan), S (thiophene), Se (selenophene) atoms used for the same template compound), the effect of the electron donating units will be investigated on the chemiluminescent property. In conclusion, new compounds that are alternative to the luminol used in forensic application will be brought into the literature.
Lisans Dersleri için Zaman Serisi ile Açılacak Şube Sayısı ve Kontenjanlarını Tahmin Eden Yapay Zekâ Sisteminin Geliştirilmesi
Computer Engineering
This project aims to address the problems experienced in traditional methods used in determining course quotas and number of sections in universities. This project, carried out with the support of Atılım University Undergraduate Research Projects, aims to optimize this process by using machine learning models. In the project, XGBoost and LightGBM were examined and their ability to make high-accurate predictions was tested.
Sıfıraltı Sıcaklık Muhafaza Koşullarının Su Verilmiş 2024 Alüminyum Alaşımının Yaşlanma Davranışına ve Şekillendirilebilirliğine Etkisinin Araştırılması
Industrial Engineering
The effect of storage conditions on the ageable 2024 Aluminum alloy, which was stored at different subzero temperatures (-12°C, -15°C, -18°C) after quenching, on the aging behavior and mechanical properties of the alloy at room temperature was investigated by performing hardness, tensile and formability tests. It was observed that the samples stored at -18°C hardened at a slower rate at room temperature compared to the samples stored at -15°C and -12°C. Using the data obtained, linear (Linear) and non-linear (Qudratic and Cubic) models were developed to predict the mechanical properties (hardness, yield and tensile strength) of the 2024 Aluminum alloy, depending on the subzero temperature storage conditions and the time spent at room temperature. It was concluded that the performance of Quadratic models obtained from the results of hardness tests was high, and Linear models could be used for future prediction. The results of the tensile tests showed that the Quadratic models have high performance and usability for future prediction. Finally, the relationship between yield strength and hardness values was examined. A 100% positive relationship was determined between hardness and yield strength values.
Promoting stakeholder adherence to Mediterranean Diet on Campus through menu interventions and social marketing strategies / Menü Müdahaleleri ve Sosyal Pazarlama Stratejileri ile Kampüste Paydaşların Akdeniz Diyetine Uyumunu Geliştirmek
Food service comprises the production of meals consumed outside the home, including consumers from all age groups and in different sectors. This service sector has evolved through the years, providing an increasing number of meals, which have been drifting away from the Mediterranean Food Pattern. Food service is an important setting for public health interventions, educating consumers and modulating behaviours through the meals provided. Prior research on eating habits has mainly focused on a single stakeholder - typically consumers - and on a narrow set of outcome variables. Although these studies provide important clues about the determinants of adherence to food offer, research has yet to address this issue using an integrative approach of multiple stakeholders (e.g., the consumers, food providers, decisors) across a set of different variables. Also, intervention initiatives, usually act only on the environment without strategies that efficiently engage all the stakeholders involved. Social Marketing is one of the strategies, empirically verified, designed to promote change behavior, which contributions to health and well being of citizens are positively recognized by many. Establishing and managing long-term partnerships that include different groups of stakeholders - consumers, government, retailers and other players - are key elements in the application of mid and upstream social marketing to complex issues. This project, developed in Portugal, Turkey, and Croatia, aims to identify the compliance of food service menus with the Mediterranean Diet in public high education institutes canteens, pinpointing opportunities to intervene, namely: 1) promoting changes in the food offer addressing proximity to the Mediterranean Food Pattern, creating, and offering plant-based meals, with seasonable and local food products and 2) developing tailored social marketing strategies to engaging stakeholders to encourage healthier and sustainable food habits. It gathers a team comprised of nutrition experts on public health and food service, food technologists, gastronomy experts, psychologists, and marketers, with a vast experience and professional skills. To achieve the objectives researches will: 1) develop and index to evaluate compliance of menus with the Mediterranean Diet; 2) based on personal interviews, define priority stakeholders and define methodology for engagement; 3) evaluate perceptions, barriers and facilitators through self-administered surveys and in-depth interviews; 4) develop of a 1-month meal plan framework; 5) develop tools concerning the concept premises to empower the catering employees and consumers to understand the proposed menu methodology; 6) develop a new food concept/product “student bag” (meal on the go) and test it for industry scale up; 7) use previous diagnose to develop social/emotional marketing strategies directed to stakeholders and consumers to achieve food behaviour change and 8) measure the impacts of the implemented strategies through a feasibility test. The project's main ambition is to change the food service paradigm, by creating and implementing a new healthy and sustainable food service concept that truly complies with the Mediterranean diet, as well as solutions that comply with consumers new needs, and also developing and implementing strategies that engage all the stakeholders with this concept. We expect to create the reference in terms of food offer that will be demanded by consumers of the next generations and the standpoint to inspire the other food service sectors/ settings achieving an effective and sustainable food offer change and positively influence food service consumers’ food pattern towards Mediterranean recommendations, while addressing the Sustainable Development Goals (3 - good health and 12 - responsible consumption and production; 17 - partnerships for the goals).
Design, Synthesis and Technological Applications of New Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymeric Materials
Chemical Engineering
In this study, a new carborane based electron donor-acceptor-donor type electroactive monomer (1) was synthesized successfully. Monomer 1 has an irreversible oxidation peak at 0.90 V (vs Ag/AgCl) and by the help of repeting cyclic voltammetry between -0.90 V and 1.00 V it was polymerized via electrochemical method. Electrochemical polymerization was performed in 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAH) /acetonitrile and 0.1 M TBAH/DKM. Electrochemical and optical properties of the corresponding polymer (P1) were investigated. The presence of carborane unit in the polymer backbone preserve the polymer against the ambient conditions, high overoxidation potentials;therefore, the polymer become robust and preserve its properties (optical and electronic). For example, after 1000 cycles, P1 has 96% of its electroactivity. P1 having a narrow band gap like 1.64 eV also have different colors at various oxidation states: therefore, it proved that it is a promising material as an electrochromic material: light violet at neutral state and transmissive sky blue at oxidized state. This stuation was supported by the construction of an electrochromic device. Also, by the sake of comparison, the analog of monomer 1, monomer (59) and polymer (P59) were synthesized. As a result, it was proved that 1 and P1 materials are very precious materials
Dolgu Maddesi Eklenmesiyle İletken Polimer Kompozitlerinin Hazırlanması
Within the scope of the project, conductive polymer composites with uniform filler distribution were produced by mixing thermoplastic polymers and carbon-based conductive fillers in molten form. Electrical, mechanical, thermal and morphological characterization of the produced composites were carried out. In the project experiments, conductive polymer composites of different compositions were prepared by mixing high-density polyethylene (HDPE), Nylon 6, Polypropylene (PP), Poly(ethylene thermthalate) (PET) polymer matrices, carbon black and multi-walled carbon nanotube particles in a twin-screw extruder. Test specimens were prepared using pressure and injection molding devices. The electrical properties of the samples were determined using two- and four-point probe conductivity measurement methods. During the mechanical characterization processes, tensile and impact strength tests were applied to the composites. Thermal properties were examined using DSC (diffrential scanning calorimetry) device. Morphological features were examined by SEM (scanning electron microscope). The electrical conductivity of insulating thermoplastic polymers has been reduced to the semiconductor level. The lowest critical concentration value (0.25% carbon nanotube by weight) was obtained in the PET-carbon nanotube composite system. The mechanical properties of composites have changed with the addition of fillers. The best improvement in mechanical properties was observed in PP-based composites. In general, as the amount of filler in the composites increased, the percentage of crystallization decreased.
Quorum Sensing Inhibitör Özelliği Gösteren Yeni Moleküllerin Sentezi ve Çevreci Hidrojel Boya Sisteminde Kullanımı
Chemical Engineering
Bacteria present in the seawater quickly form a biofouling on the surfaces immersed in it. This process starts with the adhesion of organic nutrients such as protein and carbohydrates to the surface in the first seconds. Bacteria adhere to the nutrient film on the surface and form a protective biofilm of proteins and polysaccharides around them. The biological fouling process continues with the adhesion and development of diatoms (microalgae), macroalgae spores and macroorganism larvae such as of mussels. However, this sequential model is not valid in all cases. Biological fouling limits the maneuverability of water vehicles, increases fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, antifouling methods are important in terms of economy and environment issues. One of the methods to prevent microfouling on surfaces is to prevent communication between bacteria. Bacteria communicate with each other through "Quorum Sensing" (QS) molecules to permanently attach to surfaces. Gram-negative bacteria use acylated homoserine lactone (AHL) molecules for QS communication. Molecules resembling AHL have the potential to inhibit QS. Hydrogels with a three-dimensional polymer network are also considered promising coatings with high antifouling performances against marine organisms. The super hydrophilic property of hydrogel materials enables them to absorb large amounts of water into three-dimensional polymeric networks and form a hydrated layer on their surface, which can prevent the adhesion of micro or macroorganisms. For these reasons, in order to solve the problem of biological fouling within the scope of the proposed project, it is aimed to synthesize and characterize new QS analogs that will prevent bacteria from forming biofilms and settling on surfaces. As a result of the bacterial tests, the two compounds with the best antibiofilm properties will be used as biocides, and a water-based hydrogel paint formula with anti-QS properties will be developed. With the hydrogel technology, it is aimed to significantly reduce the friction force, fuel consumption and emissions together with the biofouling on the ship surface. The hydrogel paint designed within the scope of the project is water based, self-curing, can be easily applied to a ship surface by brushing or spraying and can be produced in powder form. Environmentalist methods were chosen in both synthesis stages. The use of organic solvents that cause volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to be released into the atmosphere is avoided.

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