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Subject: Eye tracking

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    Master Thesis
    Göz İzlemenin Program Anlaşılırlığında Kullanılması Üzerine Sistematik Bir Haritalama Çalışması
    (2021) Atıed, Shukrullah; Çağıltay, Nergiz; Topallı, Damla
    Göz izleme teknolojisi, bir kişinin vizyonu hakkında fikir edinmek ve nereye baktıklarını belirlemek ve görsel davranışları hakkında veri toplamak için kullanılır. Araştırmacılar, göz izleme teknolojisini kullanarak Yazılım Mühendisliği'ndeki çeşitli görevleri analiz etmek ve anlamak için göz hareketi verileri toplamaktadır. Ancak, Yazılım Mühendisliği alanında göz izleme teknolojisinin kullanımını inceleyen ve bu açıdan genel bir tablo sunan çok sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, bu tez çalışmasında, bir Sistematik Haritalama çalışması yürüterek, tüm kanıtları bir araya getirmeyi ve özellikle programı anlaşılabilirliği için Yazılım Mühendisliği'nde göz izleme kullanımına genel bir bakış sunmayı amaçlıyoruz. İlgisiz çalışmaları dikkatlice gözden geçirdikten ve çıkardıktan sonra 121 ilgili makaleyi seçtik. Elde ettiğimiz sonuçlara göre, son yıllarda Yazılım Mühendisliği'nde göz takibi üzerine yapılan çalışmaların arttığını ve farklı aktiviteler üzerinde çalışıldığını görülmektedir. Ayrıca, programı anlaşılabilirliği üzerine farklı faktörlerin etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Bu faktörler kod öğeleri ve varlıkları, araçlar, geliştiricinin geçmişi ve göz hareketi ve okuma davranışları olarak belirtilmiştir. Bu bulguların, geliştiricilerin program anlaşılabilirliği üzerine etkin faktörleri benimsemelerine yardımcı olarak gelişimlerine katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.
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    Conference Object
    Citation - Scopus: 1
    How Engineers Understand Entity Relationship Diagrams (erd): Insights From Eye Tracker Data
    (IADIS, 2012) Tokdemir,G.; Cagiltay,N.E.; Kilic,O.
    Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is one of the main tools used in software design process. This representation enables software engineers to understand system data requirements at a more comprehensive level. Designing and understanding of ERD and hence system data requirements is a critical issue for the success of software projects. In this study we are introducing an experiment environment which would be used to understand the behaviors of software engineers during designing and understanding these representations. This experimental setting is planned to be used to measure the software engineers' performance during ERD defect detection process. We believe such an environment can be used to develop some reviewing guidelines for the software engineers to improve their reviewing process in ERD which in turn will provide some tools for the educators to improve design and review skills of future software engineers. The results of this study would also provide recommendations for the researchers in similar experiments. © 2012 IADIS.
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    Article
    Citation - WoS: 22
    Citation - Scopus: 37
    Performing and Analyzing Non-Formal Inspections of Entity Relationship Diagram (erd)
    (Elsevier Science inc, 2013) Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Tokdemir, Gul; Kilic, Ozkan; Topalli, Damla
    Designing and understanding of diagrammatic representations is a critical issue for the success of software projects because diagrams in this field provide a collection of related information with various perceptual signs and they help software engineers to understand operational systems at different levels of information system development process. Entity relationship diagram (ERD) is one of the main diagrammatic representations of a conceptual data model that reflects users' data requirements in a database system. In today's business environment, the business model is in a constant change which creates highly dynamic data requirements which also requires additional processes like modifications of ERD. However, in the literature there are not many measures to better understand the behaviors of software engineers during designing and understanding these representations. Hence, the main motivation of this study is to develop measures to better understand performance of software engineers during their understanding process of ERD. Accordingly, this study proposes two measures for ERD defect detection process. The defect detection difficulty level (DF) measures how difficult a defect to be detected according to the other defects for a group of software engineers. Defect detection performance (PP) measure is also proposed to understand the performance of a software engineer during the defect detection process. The results of this study are validated through the eye tracker data collected during the defect detection process of participants. Additionally, a relationship between the defect detection performance (PP) of a software engineer and his/her search patterns within an ERD is analyzed. Second experiment with five participants is also conducted to show the correlation between the proposed metric results and eye tracker data. The results of experiment-2 also found to be similar for DF and PP values. The results of this study are expected to provide insights to the researchers, software companies, and to the educators to improve ERD reasoning process. Through these measures several design guidelines can be developed for better graphical representations and modeling of the information which would improve quality of these diagrams. Moreover, some reviewing instructions can be developed for the software engineers to improve their reviewing process in ERD. These guidelines in turn will provide some tools for the educators to improve design and review skills of future software engineers. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Article
    Citation - WoS: 24
    Citation - Scopus: 27
    Insights From Surgeons' Eye-Movement Data in a Virtual Simulation Surgical Training Environment: Effect of Experience Level and Hand Conditions
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Dalveren, Gonca Gokce Menekse; Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil
    Today, with the advancements in the eye-tracking technology, it has become possible to follow surgeons' eye movements while performing surgical tasks. Despite the availability of studies providing a better understanding of surgeons' eye movements, research in the particular field of endoneurosurgery is very limited. Analysing surgeons' eye-movement data can provide general insights into how to improve surgical education programmes. In this study, four simulation-based task-oriented endoscopic surgery training scenarios were developed and implemented by 23 surgical residents using three different hand conditions; dominant, non-dominant, and both. The participants' recorded eye data comprised fixation number, fixation duration, saccade number, saccade duration, pursuit number, pursuit duration, and pupil size. This study has two main contributions: First, it reports on the eye-movement behaviours of surgical residents, demonstrating that novice residents tended to make more fixations and saccades than intermediate residents. They also had a higher fixation duration and followed the objects more frequently compared to the intermediates. Furthermore, hand conditions significantly affected the eye movements of the participants. Based on these results, it can be concluded that eye-movement data can be used to assess the skill levels of surgical residents and would be an important measure to better guide trainees in surgical education programmes. The second contribution of this study is the eye-movement event classifications of 10 different algorithms. Although the algorithms mostly provided similar results, there were a few conflicted values for some classifications, which offers a clue as to how researchers can utilise these algorithms with low sampling frequency eye trackers.