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Article Citation - WoS: 22Citation - Scopus: 26An Empirical Analysis of Household Education Expenditures in Turkey(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2016) Acar, Elif Oznur; Gunalp, Burak; Cilasun, Seyit MuminUsing Turkish Household Budget Surveys from 2003, 2007 and 2012, this paper investigates the determinants of household education expenditures within an Engel curve framework. In particular, we estimate Tobit regressions of real educational expenditures by income groups using a number of household characteristics (i.e. rural residence, employment status, age, educational attainment of the household head, household size, share of female students and primary school students in the household, and total number of students in the household) to examine if and to what extent the determinants of educational expenditures differ by income groups; income elasticities of educational spending evolves over time; and children from middle-class and poor families can benefit enough from educational opportunities. The estimated expenditure elasticities have lower values for the top- and the bottom income quartiles while they have larger values for the middle-income quartiles. The results also show that for all income groups the expenditure elasticity of education increases over time, indicating that Turkish households allocates greater share of their budgets to education expenditures. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Review Citation - WoS: 71Citation - Scopus: 87Vision 2023: Assessing the Feasibility of Electricity and Biogas Production From Municipal Solid Waste in Turkey(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2013) Melikoglu, MehmetTurkey imports most of its energy. However, according to the recently avowed Vision 2023 agenda the country also plans to produce 30% of its electricity demand from renewable energy sources by 2023. Meanwhile, each year around 25 million tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated nationwide. Not only MSW pollutes the environment handling, processing and storage requires precious labour and capital. In that context, a synergistic solution can be created between MSW management and energy supply. In this study, economics and environmental impacts of electricity generation from MSW via (i) direct combustion and (ii) biogas harnessing in 81 cities of Turkey is analysed in detail for a period between 2012 and 2023. Firstly, it is estimated that nationwide 8500 GWh of electricity could have been generated by direct combustion of MSW in 2012. This is predicted to rise 9700 GWh in 2023. It is calculated that 3100 million m(3) of methane would be emitted from the landfills of Turkey in 2012. If no action taken this would rise to 3600 million m(3) in 2023. Furthermore, it is estimated that by capturing 25% of this methane via landfill bioreactors 2900 GWh or 0.5% of Turkey's annual electricity demand could be supplied in 2023. Simulations also showed that by realizing apposite landfill investments by 2023 annual energy savings worth 200-900 million (sic) could be generated from MSW. Consequently, this could lead to greenhouse gas emission savings up to 11.0 million tonnes of CO2 per annum. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 23Citation - Scopus: 26A Univariate Time Series Methodology Based on Sequence-To Learning for Short To Midterm Wind Power Production(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Akbal, Yildirim; Unlu, Kamil DemirberkThe biggest wind farm of Turkey is placed at Manisa which is located in the Aegean Region. Electricity is a nonstorable commodity for that reason, it is very important to have a strong forecast and model of the potential electricity production to plan the electricity loads. In this study, the aim is to model and forecast electricity production of the wind farms located at Manisa by using a univariate model based on sequence-to-sequence learning. The forecasting range of the study is from short term to midterm. The strength of the proposed model is that; it only needs its own lagged value to make forecasts. The empirical evidences show that the model has high coefficient of variation (R-2) in short term and moderate R-2 in the midterm forecast. Although in the midrange forecasts R-2 slightly decreases mean squared error and mean absolute error shows that the model is accurate also in the midterm forecasts. The proposed model is not only strong in hourly electricity production forecasts but with a slight modification also in forecasting the minimum, maximum and average electricity production for a fixed range. This study concludes with two fresh and intriguing future research ideas.Article Citation - WoS: 23Citation - Scopus: 22What Makes Locals Protesters? a Discursive Analysis of Two Cases in Gold-Mining Industry in Turkey(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2017) Ozen, Hayriye; Ozen, SukruThis study addresses the question why a struggle emerges between local communities and mining MNCs. Many studies in the extant literature tend to explain the emergence of these struggles by relying on some "objective conditions" such as the characteristics of the industry, strategies of companies, features of community, and governmental policies. Drawing on Foucauldian and Laclauian insights, we argue that the analysis of such struggles should rather focus on meaning-making processes, through which each party to a struggle articulates surrounding conditions in particular ways, thereby giving shape to new meanings and identities. By comparatively examining Efemcukuru and copler goldmine cases from Turkey, in which a struggle emerges in the former but not in the latter in spite of similar conditions, we demonstrate that the emergence of struggles is mainly due to the construction of rival discourses that construct the issues of mining, environment, and development in highly different ways. We argue that already-prevalent conditions play a role in the emergence of struggles to the extent that they are employed, framed, and refrained in the rival anti-mining and pro-mining discourses. The argument goes further that the availability of anti-mining discourse when the local meaning systems are dislocated by the arrival of MNCs, as well as its popular appeal at the local level are critical in the emergence of local mobilizations against gold-mining. Finally, emphasis is put on the relational nature of struggle processes, where anti-mining and pro-mining discourses are mutually constituted and reconstituted through a constant reformulation of hegemonic strategies. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
