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Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 1The Continuity in Q of the Lupaş Q-Analogues of the Bernstein Operators(Academic Press inc Elsevier Science, 2024) Yilmaz, Ovgue Gurel; Turan, Mehmet; Ostrovska, Sofiya; Turan, Mehmet; Ostrovska, Sofiya; Turan, Mehmet; Ostrovska, Sofiya; Mathematics; MathematicsThe Lupas q-analogue Rn,q of the Bernstein operator is the first known q-version of the Bernstein polynomials. It had been proposed by A. Lupas in 1987, but gained the popularity only 20 years later, when q-analogues of classical operators pertinent to the approximation theory became an area of intensive research. In this work, the continuity of operators Rn,q with respect to parameter q in the strong operator topology and in the uniform operator topology has been investigated. The cases when n is fixed and n -> infinity have been considered. (c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 13Citation - Scopus: 13Are Gender-Neutral Pronouns Really Neutral? Testing a Male Bias in the Grammatical Genderless Languages Turkish and Finnish(Sage Publications inc, 2023) Renstrom, Emma A.; Lindqvist, Anna; Akbas, Gulcin; Hekanaho, Laura; Senden, Marie GustafssonLanguages differ in how grammatically salient gender is. We explored if grammatically gender-neutral pronouns in Finnish and Turkish, two grammatically genderless languages, are gender neutral or male biased, thereby activating male, rather than female, exemplars. We also tested whether differences in national level gender equality influence the male bias. Results indicated a male bias in both languages, whereas national level gender equality had no influence. Implications for gender-fair language reforms in grammatically genderless languages are discussed.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 3Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle-Immobilized Antibacterial Anion-Exchange Membranes for Salinity Gradient Energy Production by Reverse Electrodialysis(Amer Chemical Soc, 2024) Eti, Mine; Cihanoglu, Aydin; Hamaloglu, Kadriye Ozlem; Altiok, Esra; Guler, Enver; Tuncel, Ali; Kabay, NalanBiofouling, stemming from the attachment of living microorganisms, such as bacteria, which form resilient biofilms on membrane surfaces, presents a significant challenge that hampers the efficiency of anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) in reverse electrodialysis (RED) applications. This limitation curtails the generation of electrical power from salinity gradients, which notably is a sustainable form of energy known as osmotic energy. RED stands as a clean and promising process to harness this renewable energy source. This study aimed to impart antibacterial activity to synthesized AEMs by using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). For that purpose, AgNPs were synthesized at 30 degree celsius using two different pH values (6.0 and 9.0) and immobilized into synthesized AEMs using the dip-coating technique. In nanoparticle synthesis, ascorbic acid and trisodium citrate were used as a reductant and a stabilizer, respectively, to take control of the particle size and agglomeration behavior. The results indicated that AgNPs synthesized at pH 6.0 were dispersed on the AEM surface without agglomeration. The stability of AgNPs immobilized on the membrane surface was tested under low- and high-saline solutions. The antibacterial activities of AEMs were determined with the colony-counting method using Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial suspension. The viability of bacteria dramatically decreased after the immobilization of AgNPs in the AEMs. In the short- and long-term RED tests, it has been observed that the AEMs having AgNPs have high energy-generating potentials, and power density up to 0.372 W/m(2) can be obtained.Article A Benchmark of Expert-Level Academic Questions to Assess AI Capabilities(Nature Portfolio, 2026) Phan, Long; Gatti, Alice; Li, Nathaniel; Khoja, Adam; Kim, Ryan; Ren, Richard; Scaramuzza, Davide; Park, JongeeBenchmarks are important tools for tracking the rapid advancements in large language model (LLM) capabilities. However, benchmarks are not keeping pace in difficulty: LLMs now achieve more than 90% accuracy on popular benchmarks such as Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding(1), limiting informed measurement of state-of-the-art LLM capabilities. Here, in response, we introduce Humanity's Last Exam (HLE), a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage. HLE consists of 2,500 questions across dozens of subjects, including mathematics, humanities and the natural sciences. HLE is developed globally by subject-matter experts and consists of multiple-choice and short-answer questions suitable for automated grading. Each question has a known solution that is unambiguous and easily verifiable but cannot be quickly answered by internet retrieval. State-of-the-art LLMs demonstrate low accuracy and calibration on HLE, highlighting a marked gap between current LLM capabilities and the expert human frontier on closed-ended academic questions. To inform research and policymaking upon a clear understanding of model capabilities, we publicly release HLE at https://lastexam.ai.Article Citation - WoS: 24Citation - Scopus: 27Effect of Solution Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture of In939 Fabricated by Powder Bed Fusion-Laser Beam(Elsevier, 2023) Dogu, Merve Nur; Ozer, Seren; Yalcin, Mustafa Alp; Davut, Kemal; Bilgin, Guney Mert; Obeidi, Muhannad Ahmed; Brabazon, DermotThe effect of various solution heat treatment temperatures (i.e., 1120, 1160, 1200 and 1240 & DEG;C) on the microstructure, grain morphology and crystallographic texture of IN939 fabricated by powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB) was investigated. Microstructural analyses showed that the high-temperature gradient and rapid solidification of the PBF-LB processing caused different resulting microstructures compared to conventionally pro-duced counterparts. The melt pool morphologies and laser scanning paths were examined in the as-fabricated samples in the XZ-and XY-planes, respectively. After the application of solution heat treatment at 1120 & DEG;C, the as-fabricated PBF-LB initial microstructure was still apparent. For solution heat treatments of 1200 & DEG;C and above, the melt pool and scanning path morphologies disappeared and converted into a mixture of columnar grains in the XZ-plane and equiaxed grains in the XY-plane. On the other hand, large equiaxed grains were observed when the samples were solutionized at 1240 & DEG;C. Additionally, g' phase precipitated within the matrix after all solution heat treatment conditions, which led to increase in the microhardness values. According to electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses, both as-fabricated and solution heat-treated samples had intense texture with {001} plane normal parallel to the building direction. The first recrystallized grains began to appear when the samples were subjected to the solution heat treatment at 1160 & DEG;C and the fraction of the recrystallized grains increased with increasing temperature, as supported by kernel average misorientation (KAM) and grain spread orientation (GOS) analyses.& COPY; 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Article Citation - WoS: 14Citation - Scopus: 14On Relations Between Transportation Cost Spaces and l1<(Academic Press inc Elsevier Science, 2020) Ostrovska, Sofiya; Ostrovskii, Mikhail I.The present paper deals with some structural properties of transportation cost spaces, also known as Arens-Eells spaces, Lipschitz-free spaces and Wasserstein spaces. The main results of this work are: (1) A necessary and sufficient condition on an infinite metric space M, under which the transportation cost space on M contains an isometric copy of l(1). The obtained condition is applied to answer the open questions asked by Cuth and Johanis (2017) concerning several specific metric spaces. (2) The description of the transportation cost space of a weighted finite graph G as the quotient l(1) (E(G))/Z(G), where E(G) is the edge set and Z(G) is the cycle space of G. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 28Citation - Scopus: 31A Model for the Prediction of Thermal Runaway in Lithium-Ion Batteries(Elsevier, 2024) Azuaje-Berbeci, Bernardo J.; Ertan, H. BulentThe increasing popularity of electric vehicles is driving research into lithium -ion batteries (LIBs). Thermal runaway (TR) in LIBs is a serious concern for the safe operation of these high-energy-density batteries that is yet to be overcome. A reliable model is needed to predict voltage variation, heat generation, temperature rise, and the process leading to TR of a LIB battery under its operating conditions (charging-discharging). Such a model can be used to design battery packs more resilient to thermal runaway or assess how a battery pack would perform under hazardous conditions. Furthermore, it can be used for generating a warning signal if there is a possibility of the battery going towards TR. This paper presents an approach to solving this problem, which is not currently well addressed in the literature. The approach adopted in this paper is based on a numerical analysis of a multilayered electrochemical-thermal model of LIB. Tuning the parameters of a LIB for accurate results from this numerical model is presented, as well as the details of the approach in the paper. Experiments are performed under several LIBs, and their voltage and surface temperature variations are measured under various operating conditions, including thermal runaway. The results of the experiments are compared with the predictions of the numerical simulations. An excellent agreement is observed with the experimental results, proving the accuracy of the proposed approach. This approach can be configured to give results in a few minutes. The paper also discusses how the developed approach can be used to create a TR warning during operating conditions or to change the mode of operation of a LIB before a hazard occurs.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Growth and Optical Properties of (na0.5bi0.5< (x=0.25) Single Crystal: a Potential Candidate for Optoelectronic Devices(Springer, 2024) Guler, I.; Isik, M.; Gasanly, N.Double tungstates (DT) and double molybdates (DM) have significant importance because of their optoelectronic applications. Regarding the importance of DT and DM, we investigated experimentally structural and optical properties of (Na0.5Bi0.5)(Mo1-xWx)O-4 (x = 0.25) crystal that belongs to the NaBi-DT and DM crystals group. Czochralski method was used to grow the single crystals. The structure of the crystal was identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Two sharp peaks associated with tetragonal crystal structure appeared in the pattern. Vibrational modes of the studied crystal were obtained from the Raman experiments. By the help of the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) measurements, infrared transmittance spectrum of the studied compound was recorded. Band gap energy wase found around 3.04 eV using two methods, Tauc and derivative analysis, based on transmission spectrum. Based on the analysis of absorption coefficient, Urbach energy was obtained as 0.22 eV. The revealed structural and optical properties of the crystal indicated that the material may be a candidate for optoelectronic devices in which NaBi(MoO4)(2) and NaBi(WO4)(2) materials are utilized.Review Citation - WoS: 42Citation - Scopus: 57Drawing the Big Picture of Games in Education: a Topic Modeling-Based Review of Past 55 Years(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Ekin, Cansu C.; Polat, Elif; Hopcan, SinanThe literature of games in education has a rich and multidisciplinary content. Due to the large number of studies in the field, it is not easy to analyze all relevant studies. There are few studies exploring the big picture of research trends in the field. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to examine longitudinal trends of game-based research in education using text mining tech-niques. 4980 publications were retrieved as an experimental dataset indexed by the SCOPUS database in the period 1968 to mid-2021. The results include descriptive statistics of game-based research, trends of the research topics, and trends in the frequency of each topic over time. They show that the number of studies focusing on the use of games in education has increased, particularly since the 2000s when Internet use accelerated and became widespread. Approxi-mately 70% of all the studies were conducted in the last 10 years. One third of the studies is related to the main topic of game-based learning. It is significant that in the last three decades the topic of serious games has been among the top three trends. Considering usage acceleration of the topics, the highest values belong to game-based learning, serious games and student science games, in that order. The findings of this study are expected to guide the field by providing a better understanding of the trends of games in education and offer a direction for future research.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 4Effects of Cerium Oxide on Kidney and Liver Tissue Damage in an Experimental Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Model of Distant Organ Damage(Mdpi, 2024) Gunes, Isin; Dursun, Ali Dogan; Ozdemir, Cagri; Kucuk, Aysegul; Sezen, Saban Cem; Arslan, Mustafa; Ozer, AbdullahBackground and Objectives: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a process in which impaired perfusion is restored by restoring blood flow and tissue recirculation. Nanomedicine uses cutting-edge technologies that emerge from interdisciplinary influences. In the literature, there are very few in vivo and in vitro studies on how cerium oxide (CeO2) affects systemic anti-inflammatory response and inflammation. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to investigate whether CeO2 administration has a protective effect against myocardial I/R injury in the liver and kidneys. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups after obtaining approval from an ethics committee. A control (group C), cerium oxide (group CO), IR (group IR), and Cerium oxide-IR (CO-IR group) groups were formed. Intraperitoneal CeO2 was administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg 30 min before left thoracotomy and left main coronary (LAD) ligation, and myocardial muscle ischemia was induced for 30 min. After LAD ligation was removed, reperfusion was performed for 120 min. All rats were euthanized using ketamine, and blood was collected. Liver and kidney tissue samples were evaluated histopathologically. Serum AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransaminase), GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase), glucose, TOS (Total Oxidant Status), and TAS (Total Antioxidant Status) levels were also measured. Results: Necrotic cell and mononuclear cell infiltration in the liver parenchyma of rats in the IR group was observed to be significantly increased compared to the other groups. Hepatocyte degeneration was greater in the IR group compared to groups C and CO. Vascular vacuolization and hypertrophy, tubular degeneration, and necrosis were increased in the kidney tissue of the IR group compared to the other groups. Tubular dilatation was significantly higher in the IR group than in the C and CO groups. TOS was significantly higher in all groups than in the IR group (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.006, respectively). However, TAS level was lower in the IR group than in the other groups (p = 0.002, p = 0.020, and p = 0.031, respectively). Renal and liver histopathological findings decreased significantly in the CO-IR group compared to the IR group. A decrease in the TOS level and an increase in the TAS level were found compared to the IR group. The AST, ALT, GGT, and Glucose levels are shown. Conclusions: CeO2 administered before ischemia-reperfusion reduced oxidative stress and ameliorated IR-induced damage in distant organs. We suggest that CeO2 exerts protective effects in the myocardial IR model.