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Review Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 4Comparative Analysis of Space Efficiency in Skyscrapers With Prismatic, Tapered, and Free Forms(Mdpi, 2024) Ilgin, Huseyin Emre; Aslantamer, Ozlem NurThis study offers a thorough comparative analysis of space efficiency in skyscrapers across three distinct forms: prismatic, tapered, and free. By examining case studies from each form category, this research investigates how architectural and structural design features impact space utilization in supertall towers. The findings reveal form-based differences in space efficiency and design element usage. In prismatic skyscrapers, which are primarily residential and utilize concrete outrigger frames, the average space efficiency was around 72%, with the core occupying 24% of the gross floor area (GFA). Tapered skyscrapers, commonly mixed-use with composite outrigger frames, showed an average space efficiency of over 70%, with a core-to-GFA ratio of 26%. Freeform towers, often mixed-use and using composite outrigger frames, demonstrated a space efficiency of 71%, with an average core-to-GFA ratio of 26%. Despite these variations, a consistent trend emerged: as the height of a building increases, there is a general decline in space efficiency, highlighting the challenges in optimizing space in taller structures. This analysis adds to the understanding of skyscraper design and space utilization, providing important insights for architects and urban planners aiming to improve the efficiency of future high-rise developments.Article Shanghai's High-Rise Buildings: Exploring Space Efficiency, Structural Systems, Forms, Materials and Core Designs(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2026) Aktas, Kurt Orkun; Aslantamer, Ozlem Nur; Aktas, Gozen Guner; Ilgin, Huseyin EmreThis study examines the architectural and structural design considerations influencing space efficiency in Shanghai's high-rise buildings. Understanding space efficiency is significant because it directly affects land-use intensity, economic returns, and sustainability outcomes. The objective of this study is to quantify space efficiency ratios by analyzing the relationships between core types, function, form, and structural systems, and assess temporal and comparative benchmarks for Shanghai within the global context. The novelty lies in its combined focus on architectural and structural determinants of space efficiency, supported by data on 43 high-rise buildings in Shanghai. Methodologically, this study relies on quantitative analysis of Net Floor Area (NFA), Gross Floor Area (GFA), and core ratios, supplemented with comparative evaluation of building forms, materials, and structural systems. The key findings reveal: (1) average space efficiency at 75% with core-to-GFA ratios of 23%, varying between 52-93% and 5-33% respectively; (2) the dominance of prismatic forms supported by composite outriggered frame systems; (3) a decline in efficiency with increasing building height due to larger service cores. Practically, this research highlights opportunities for stakeholders - including architects, engineers, and policymakers - to adopt lightweight materials, prefabrication techniques, and smart building systems that improve space efficiency in future high-rise developments.Article A Comprehensive Study of Space Efficiency in Tall Buildings: The Australian Perspective(Kauno Technologijos Universitetas, 2025) Ilgın, H.; Aslantamer, Ö.Spatial efficiency in Australian towers is shaped by a multifaceted interaction of many parameters such as architectural and structural considerations. However, there are no comprehensive studies available on space utilization in Australian high-rise towers. The article addresses this gap by investigating 32 case studies. This study aims to investigate how contemporary Australian tall buildings achieve spatial efficiency by analyzing the relationship between architectural and structural parameters and internal usable area ratios. Key findings: residential function, centrally-located core layouts, and prismatic arrangements are the most widespread trends; concrete is the favored construction material, with the shear-walled frame system being the most commonly used structural system; average space efficiency is 82%, with a core-to-GFA ratio of 16%. The paper offers valuable understandings for construction experts to inform design decisions in high-rise construction projects within the Australian context. © 2025, Kauno Technologijos Universitetas. All rights reserved.Article Analyzing Space Efficiency in Japanese Tall Buildings(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Ilgin, Huseyin Emre; Aslantamer, Ozlem NurSpace efficiency in Japanese tall buildings holds substantial significance, shaped by financial, societal, and environmental imperatives. Nevertheless, comprehensive studies addressing spatial efficiency in such towers remain scarce. To bridge this gap, this article undertakes a quantitative spatial analysis of 40 Japanese tall buildings through BIM/CAD-based floor plan evaluations and comparison of net-to-gross and core-to-GFA efficiency ratios. Key findings include: (1) mixed-use and office typologies, central cores, and prismatic massing dominate contemporary Japanese high-rise design; (2) composite structures with shear-walled frame systems are prevalent; and (3) the average net-to-gross ratio is 75%, with core areas occupying 23% of total GFA. The efficiency metrics range from 64% to 85% for net-to-gross ratios, and from 13% to 34% for core-to-GFA ratios. This research offers practical insights for stakeholders - especially architects and planners - to support more efficient and sustainable high-rise design strategies in Japan.Article Citation - Scopus: 1Space Efficiency in Tall Timber Buildings: A Comprehensive Review(Highlights of Science, 2025) Ilgın, H.; Aslantamer, Ö.Tall timber construction is gaining popularity due to its notable environmental and economic benefits throughout its lifecycle. Maximizing space efficiency in these buildings is a key factor in ensuring project viability. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive research on the space efficiency of these projects. This study focused on analyzing 50 tall buildings (over eight stories) globally to improve insights into the design elements that affect space use. The key findings include: i) predominant architectural configurations incorporate residential functions, a centrally positioned core, and prismatic building forms; ii) composite materials are the most utilized, with shear-walled frame systems being the preferred structural solution; and iii) average space efficiency is 84%, with core areas accounting for 11% of the gross floor area, ranging from 71% and 4% at the lower end to 93% and 21% at the upper end. This study provides valuable guidance for architects and other key participants engaged in the planning and construction of tall timber buildings. © 2025 Ilgın and Aslantamer.
