Space Efficiency in Tall Timber Buildings: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Tall timber construction is gaining popularity due to its notable environmental and economic benefits throughout its lifecycle. Maximizing space efficiency in these buildings is a key factor in ensuring project viability. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive research on the space efficiency of these projects. This study focused on analyzing 50 tall buildings (over eight stories) globally to improve insights into the design elements that affect space use. The key findings include: i) predominant architectural configurations incorporate residential functions, a centrally positioned core, and prismatic building forms; ii) composite materials are the most utilized, with shear-walled frame systems being the preferred structural solution; and iii) average space efficiency is 84%, with core areas accounting for 11% of the gross floor area, ranging from 71% and 4% at the lower end to 93% and 21% at the upper end. This study provides valuable guidance for architects and other key participants engaged in the planning and construction of tall timber buildings. © 2025 Ilgın and Aslantamer.