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Article The Effect of Exercise Intensity on Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Myokine Profile in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy(Brill, 2024) Akat, F.; Tatar, Y.; Celik, H.; Ficicilar, H.; Dursun, A. D.; Bastug, M.Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia. The diabetic heart becomes more susceptible to ischemic injury. Although exercise induces a cardioprotective phenotype, the determination of accurate protocol is crucial. We compared two different exercise intensities in the diabetes model and evaluated the role of myokines in exercise-induced cardioprotection. Male, adult, Wistar albino rats were used (n = 20 each). First, animals were divided into two groups: Non-Diabetic (ND), Diabetic (DM); then groups were further divided into subgroups: Sedentary (S), Training-1 (T1 =10 m/min, 00 inclination), and Training-2 (T2 = 20 m/min, 100 inclination). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg; i.p.). Animals exercised on a treadmill 5 days/a week for 6 weeks. Then, hearts were attached to the Langendorff apparatus and baseline functional parameters were measured. After 30'/120'I/R protocol, infarct size was evaluated with tetrazolium chloride staining. Interleukin-6, FNDC5, and myonectin levels were measured both in the soleus and the left ventricle. We observed cardiac hypertrophy and impaired baseline LV function in diabetes. Infarct size was significantly larger in diabetics and only T1 decreased the infarct size whereas T2 further aggravated it. Moreover, post-ischemic recovery was worst in diabetic-T2 group. Irisin and myonectin levels were decreased in the soleus muscle of diabetic animals. T1 increased the myonectin levels in the left ventricle of non-diabetics, and this effect was blunted in diabetic-T1 animals. As a conclusion, light-intensity exercise is a better approach to prevent ischemic damage in diabetes besides moderate intensity may be hazardous in diabetic population.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 3Adventures of the Graphic Novel in Turkey(Brill, 2019) Aksoy,N.B.This chapter describes how the graphic novel was initially translated, adapted, and appropriated in the Turkish cultural and literary polysystem from the West in the early years of the Turkish Republic (1923). The transfer enabled the graphic novel to be used as popular genre to contribute to the construction of a national identity of Turkishness through icons and heroes of Turkish history going back to Central Asia before moving to Asia Minor (Anatolia). Hence, the evolution of the graphic novel in Turkey goes parallel with the growth of popular culture under the influence of state-led westernisation efforts in the Turkish society. The initiatives towards creating a modern, west-oriented society necessitated the dissemination of culture among layers of society which was producing its dynamics to absorb these efforts within the frame of economic and social developments on a global scale. Steps towards creating a modern Turkish literature and to enrich culture and strengthen a national identity fit in with the adoption of the graphic novel genre in the early years. The translations enabled Turkish artists to develop their own examples in the genre to produce an awareness of national identity and links with history in a creative and easily comprehensible way. The graphic novel as an accessible form of production became a part of the developing cultural polysystem. According to Tynjanov, literature of a nation or culture contains a multi-layered structure of elements which relate to and interact with each other.1 The evolution of the graphic novel in the Turkish polysystem comprised several layers of texts, i.e. visual texts, and verbal texts. It does not hold such a significant role now in the cultural polysystem but has become an influential genre in creating global fantastic icons, norms and images. © Inter-Disciplinary Press 2016. All rights reserved.
