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Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 11Negative Campaigning in Turkish Elections(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Toros, EmreThe academic literature on negative campaigning is growing. As an attempt to contribute to the theoretical and empirical knowledge on the phenomena, this study focuses on the Turkish elections and tries to provide answers to the following research questions: What is the level of negativity in Turkish electoral campaigns and which factors are salient for going negative for Turkish political parties? Findings display the fact that negativity is noticeably high in Turkey, and incumbency, ideology and time focus of messages are salient factors for negativity.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 5Social Media Use and Political Participation: the Turkish Case(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Toros, Secil; Toros, EmreThe freedom of media is an essential component for democratic settings; however, in some contexts, citizens experience several barriers to enjoy this right in full. Replacing conventional media channels, social media is becoming an indispensable medium to express and discuss politics in such environments. Yet, there is little consensus in the literature about how social media relates to offline political participation, especially in settings where citizens do not experience media freedom in full. By using survey data that has been collected after the Turkish general election of 2018, this article aims to display the relationship between social media use and offline political participation. The analysis reveals offline political participation is related to sharing political views online and exposure to alternative political ideas.Article Kulturkampf to Partykampf? Democratic Backsliding and Democratic Satisfaction in Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Toros, Secil; Zeybek Kabakci, Gokce; Toros, EmreThis article examines why satisfaction with democracy can remain comparatively high in Turkey despite sustained democratic erosion, focusing on the joint role of cultural conflict and partisan identity. It advances the concept of Partykampf, a partisan-cultural fusion that conditions democratic attitudes and satisfaction in this particular case. Interaction models show that satisfaction is not explained by culture or partisanship alone: alignment with the governing bloc strongly amplifies the positive effect of traditional-religious cultural alignment and strong partisan identity, whereas equally strong opposition partisans report markedly lower satisfaction. We conclude that Partykampf offers a powerful lens for understanding how legitimacy perceptions persist during backsliding by reframing democracy through partisan success rather than procedural standards.Article Citation - WoS: 10Citation - Scopus: 9Piecrust Promises: an Analysis of the Turkish Political Parties' Electoral Pledges(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Toros, EmreDespite major differences among political systems, one can conduct new research on pledge fulfillment by examining previously ignored cases. Accordingly, this article extends the literature by developing a new analysis for the Turkish context. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of explicit models, which evaluate political pledges and their fulfillment by using an original data set. In particular, this study reveals the following facts: (a) in a comparative perspective, pledge fulfillment is low in Turkey and (b) its governmental forms and economic performance have an impact on pledge fulfillment.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 7How To Run the Show? the Differential Effects of Negative Campaigning(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Toros, EmreAlthough the academic literature on negative campaigning is growing, more research is needed to contribute to the theoretical and empirical knowledge on the phenomenon. Accordingly, this article examines the impact of negative political messages on political trust in Turkey. The findings indicate that although exposure to negativity alters the trust level of the citizens, this impact is not uniform and dependent on party identifications.
