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Article Citation - WoS: 15Citation - Scopus: 20Environmental Kuznets Curve: Non-Linear Panel Regression Analysis(Springer, 2020) Senturk, Huseyin; Omay, Tolga; Yildirim, Julide; Kose, NezirThis study presents an analysis of the relationship between per capita CO2 emissions as an environmental degradation indicator and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) as an economic growth indicator within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). For this purpose, non-linear panel models are estimated for the Annex I countries, non-Annex countries, and whole parties with respect to data availability of the United States Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for the period 1960-2012. The empirical results of the panel smooth transition models (PSTR) show that the environmental deterioration rises in the first phase of growth for all data sets. Afterwards, the environmental degradation cannot be prevented, but the increase in the amount of environmental degradation decreases. The findings of this study give an insight regarding the differential environmental impact of economic growth between developed and developing countries. While the validity of a traditional EKC relation regarding the CO2 emissions cannot be affirmed for any group of countries in our sample, empirical results indicate the existence of multiple regimes where economic growth hampers environmental quality, but its severity decreases at each consecutive regime.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 2A Tale of Two Taxes: State-Dependency of Tax Policy(Wiley, 2024) Arin, Kerim Peren; Gahramanov, Emin; Omay, Tolga; Tang, Xueli; Ulubasoglu, Mehmet A.In this paper, we build a simple endogenous growth model with labour and corporate taxes to investigate the asymmetric effects of tax policy over the growth trajectory. We employ a newly developed panel smooth transition model to empirically analyse a sample of 19 advanced economies over the 1961-2017 period. We find that both the asymmetric effects and the tax measures used are essential. We also find that the effects of corporate and personal taxes on long-run growth are non-linear, while the detrimental effects of personal taxes are empirically larger compared to those of corporate taxes once non-linearities are controlled for.Article HYSTERESIS HYPOTHESIS VS. STRUCTURALIST VIEW IN CANADA: A NEW TEST FOR THE SHARP BREAK AND SMOOTH SHIFT(Acad Economic Studies, 2021) Bolat, Suleyman; Belke, Murat; Omay, TolgaWe have investigated the hysteresis hypothesis using a newly proposed unit root test which considers both sharp breaks and smooth shifts in its testing process for Canada during the period 1960-2019 in this study. The so-called unit root test allows researchers control for sharp breaks such as crises, smooth shifts such as nonlinearities, simultaneously. In proposing this highly complex trend structure, we are also proposing a new way for the macroeconomic theorist to model the unemployment rate following the structuralist view. It takes into account the structural breaks and possible nonlinearities as form of smooth shifts which leads to a new form of structuralist view. The empirical results display that the unemployment rates in Canada follow a non-hysteresis path under the presence of sharp and smooth structural breaks.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 4Is real per capita state personal income stationary? New nonlinear, asymmetric panel-data evidence(Wiley, 2020) Emirmahmutoglu, Furkan; Gupta, Rangan; Miller, Stephen M.; Omay, TolgaThis paper re-examines the stochastic properties of U.S. state real per capita personal income, using new panel unit-root procedures. The new developments incorporate non-linearity, asymmetry, and cross-sectional correlation within panel-data estimation. Including nonlinearity and asymmetry finds that 43 states exhibit stationary real per capita personal income whereas including only nonlinearity produces 42 states that exhibit stationarity. Stated differently, we find that two states exhibit nonstationary real per capita personal income when considering nonlinearity, asymmetry, and cross-sectional dependence.Article Citation - WoS: 14Citation - Scopus: 14A Regime Switching Model for Temperature Modeling and Applications To Weather Derivatives Pricing(Springer Heidelberg, 2020) Turkvatan, Aysun; Omay, Tolga; Hayfavi, Azize; Omay, Tolga; Omay, Tolga; Economics; EconomicsIn this study, we propose a regime-switching model for temperature dynamics, where the parameters depend on a Markov chain. We improve upon the traditional models by modeling jumps in temperature dynamics via the chain itself. Moreover, we compare the performance of the proposed model with the existing models. The results indicate that the proposed model outperforms in the short time forecast horizon while the forecast performance of the proposed model is in line with the existing models for the long time horizon. It is shown that the proposed model is a relatively better representation of temperature dynamics compared to the existing models. Furthermore, we derive prices of weather derivatives written on several temperature indices.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 8Are CO2 Emissions Stationary After All? New Evidence from Nonlinear Unit Root Tests(Springer, 2022) Romero-Avila, Diego; Omay, TolgaThis study applies a large battery of state-of-the-art nonlinear unit root tests to examine the stationarity properties of carbon dioxide emission series for 28 industrialized countries, five BRICS and seven transition economies over a very long horizon, in some cases over more than two and a half centuries. The application of time-dependent and state-dependent nonlinear unit root tests separately provides mixed evidence regarding the time-series properties of CO2 emissions and a high degree of variability across the different tests. However, the use of hybrid nonlinear unit root tests, combining the presence of structural breaks with symmetric or asymmetric ESTAR adjustment, leads to the rejection of the unit root hypothesis in each of the countries under study with at least one of the hybrid tests. This has important climate policy implications.Article How Does Macroeconomic and Socio-Political Index Affect the Real Gdp Per Qualified Worker? Evidence From Turkic Republics(Ahmet Yesevi Univ, 2023) Celik, Esref Ugur; Erdal, Fehmi Bugra; Kucuker, Mustafa Can; Omay, TolgaIn this study, we concentrated on the socioeconomic factors affecting the level of real GDP per qualified worker. For this purpose, we have used the macroeconomic and socio-political performance index for Turkic Republics. By using these newly established indices, determinants of the level of real GDP per qualified worker are analyzed for the first time in the literature. From the empirical investigation, we found that certain threshold levels significantly affect the real GDP level per qualified worker. Therefore, the policymakers of these countries should seriously consider these threshold levels for macroeconomic and socio-political performance index for conducting a well-organized policy for the prosperity of their countries.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 2Testing the Efficiency of Emerging Markets: Evidence From Nonlinear Panel Unit Tests(Savez Ekonomista Vojvodine, 2023) Turguttopbas, Neslihan; Omay, TolgaIn this study, we investigate market efficiency considering nonlinear-ities by testing the weak-form market efficiency of the stock markets of Brazil, China, Russia, Turkey, and South Africa using recently proposed nonlinear panel unit root tests. The stock markets of these emerging countries are deliberately selected for their market capitalization to form a homogenous panel. The results of nonlinear models indicate that the stock market indexes are stationary and weak-form inefficient. This finding contributes to the contradictory results of the prior research using linear and nonlinear models about the efficiency of emerging stock markets in favor of nonlinear ones. Furthermore, we propose that studies using financial variables consider such nonlinearity in order to achieve more ac-curacy in findings related to such studies.Article Makroekonomik ve Sosyo-politik Endeks Nitelikli Çalışan Başına Reel Gsyh’yi Nasıl Etkiler? Türk Cumhuriyetleri’nden Kanıtlar(2023) Çelik, Eşref Uğur; Erdal, Fehmi Buğra; Küçüker, Mustafa Can; Omay, TolgaBu çalışmada, nitelikli çalışan başına reel GSYH düzeyini etkileyen sosyoe- konomik faktörler üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu amaçla Türk Cumhuriyetleri için makroekonomik ve sosyo-politik performans endeksleri oluşturulmuştur. Yeni oluşturulan bu endeksler kullanılarak, nitelikli çalışan başına düşen reel GSYH düzeyinin belirleyicileri literatürde ilk kez analiz edilmektedir. Ampi- rik sonuçlar, belirli eşik düzeylerinin nitelikli çalışan başına reel GSYH düze- yini önemli ölçüde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, çalışmada yer verilen ülkelerin politika yapıcıları, ülkelerinin refahı açısından iyi organize edilmiş politikalar yürütmek için makroekonomik ve sosyo-politik perfor- mans endekslerin eşik değerlerini ciddi şekilde göz önünde bulundurmalıdır.
