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Book Part Citation - Scopus: 2Green Energy Generation Using Membrane Technologies Based on Salinity Gradient(Elsevier, 2023) Güler,E.; Cihanoğlu,A.; Altıok,E.; Kaya,T.Z.; Eti,M.; Kabay,N.Electrical energy can be extracted from salinity gradients, often represented by two aqueous solutions with different salinities. This becomes very interesting when sustainable and practical electromembrane processes can be applied to convert the salinity gradient power into electric power. Reverse electrodialysis (RED), in this context, has gained much interest in the last few years. In addition to many operational and design parameters affecting the process output, ion exchange membranes (IEMs) represent core elements in RED. In this chapter, it is aimed to introduce and discuss the current trend of IEMs as well as vital operational parameters and fouling affecting the RED performance. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 3Ion Exchange Membranes in Electrodialysis Process for Wastewater Treatment(Elsevier, 2023) Altıok,E.; Cihanoğlu,A.; Güler,E.; Kabay,N.Water is the most important natural resource on earth. Survival without water is impossible and industries cannot operate without water as well. Availability of safe and reliable source of water is therefore essential. Different practical solutions are needed for sustainable preservation of water resources as freshwater resources are limited in terms of technical and economical aspects. Membrane technologies can be applied to water and wastewater treatment for removal of various unwanted substances from water. Recently, the utilization of membrane technologies in the water purification sector has grown exponentially. Compared to conventional reclamation methods, membrane technologies are much more efficient for removal of various contaminants and they are able to overcome more stringent water regulations. Membrane separation processes employed for water treatment include reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, and electrodialysis (ED). In this chapter, we reviewed the basic principles of electromembrane processes, such as ED, electrodeionization, electrodialysis reversal, and bipolar membrane ED based on ion exchange membranes (IEMs) along with few examples of the use of these processes in water and wastewater treatment. In addition, fouling of IEMs is also discussed. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Book Part Application of Nanofiltration for Reclamation and Reuse of Wastewater and Spent Geothermal Fluid(CRC Press, 2023) Jarma,Y.A.; Cihanoğlu,A.; Güler,E.; Tomaszewska,B.; Kasztelewicz,A.; Baba,A.; Kabay,N.After the extraction of energy from the geothermal fluid, the consumed geothermal water can be considered as a potential water resource for agricultural and industrial purposes. The used geothermal water can also be used as a source of drinking water, which could reduce the pressure on the current clean water resources. On the other hand, geothermal fluids brought to the surface need to be treated in the most economical way before discharge into the surface environment or aquifer. Several processes have shown promising results for the treatment of geothermal water. Membrane processes such as nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) can be considered as a technology for obtaining good quality irrigation water from geothermal water. This chapter summarizes the application of NF for the recovery and reuse of wastewater and spent geothermal water. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Teow Yeit Haan and Nidal Hidal; individual chapters, the contributors.
