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Article Citation - WoS: 41Citation - Scopus: 44Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: a Test of Competing Models(Sage Publications inc, 2023) Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza; Bosson, Jennifer K.; Jurek, Pawel; Besta, Tomasz; Olech, Michal; Vandello, Joseph A.; Zadkowska, MagdalenaSocial role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries' more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries (N = 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in men's self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI). We consider possible causes and implications of these findings.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 6Measuring Collective Action Intention Toward Gender Equality Across Cultures(Hogrefe Publishing Corp, 2024) Besta, Tomasz; Jurek, Pawel; Olech, Michal; Wlodarczyk, Anna; Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza; Bosson, Jennifer K.; Zadkowska, MagdalenaCollective action is a powerful tool for social change and is fundamental to women and girls' empowerment on a societal level. Collective action towards gender equality could be understood as intentional and conscious civic behaviors focused on social transformation, questioning power relations, and promoting gender equality through collective efforts. Various instruments to measure collective action intentions have been developed, but to our knowledge none of the published measures were subject to invariance testing. We introduce the gender equality collective action intention (GECAI) scale and examine its psychometric isomorphism and measurement invariance, using data from 60 countries (N = 31,686). Our findings indicate that partial scalar measurement invariance of the GECAI scale permits conditional comparisons of latent mean GECAI scores across countries. Moreover, this metric psychometric isomorphism of the GECAI means we can interpret scores at the country-level (i.e., as a group attribute) conceptually similar to individual attributes. Therefore, our findings add to the growing body of literature on gender based collective action by introducing a methodologically sound tool to measure collective action intentions towards gender equality across cultures.
