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Author: Ali, Aysha M.Publisher: Ieee-inst Electrical Electronics Engineers inc

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    Article
    Citation - WoS: 55
    Citation - Scopus: 70
    Assessment of Features and Classifiers for Bluetooth Rf Fingerprinting
    (Ieee-inst Electrical Electronics Engineers inc, 2019) Ali, Aysha M.; Uzundurukan, Emre; Kara, Ali
    Recently, network security has become a major challenge in communication networks. Most wireless networks are exposed to some penetrative attacks such as signal interception, spoofing, and stray. Radio frequency (RF) fingerprinting is considered to be a promising solution for network security problems and has been applied with various improvements. In this paper, extensive data from Bluetooth (BT) devices are utilized in RF fingerprinting implementation. Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) has been used, for the first time, for RF fingerprinting of Bluetooth (BT) device identification. In this way, time-frequency-energy distributions (TFED) are utilized. By means of the signals' energy envelopes, the transient signals are detected with some improvements. Thirteen features are extracted from the signals' transients along with their TFEDs. The extracted features are pre-processed to evaluate their usability. The implementation of three different classifiers to the extracted features is provided for the first time in this paper. A comparative analysis based on the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, the associated areas under curves (AUC), and confusion matrix are obtained to visualize the performance of the applied classifiers. In doing this, different levels of signal to noise ratio (SNR) levels are used to evaluate the robustness of the extracted features and the classifier performances. The classification performance demonstrates the feasibility of the method. The results of this paper may help readers assess the usability of RF fingerprinting for BT signals at the physical layer security of wireless networks.
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    Article
    Citation - WoS: 31
    Citation - Scopus: 40
    Variational Mode Decomposition-Based Radio Frequency Fingerprinting of Bluetooth Devices
    (Ieee-inst Electrical Electronics Engineers inc, 2019) Aghnaiya, Alghannai; Ali, Aysha M.; Kara, Ali
    Radio frequency fingerprinting (RFF) is based on identification of unique features of RF transient signals emitted by radio devices. RF transient signals of radio devices are short in duration, non-stationary and nonlinear time series. This paper evaluates the performance of RF fingerprinting method based on variational mode decomposition (VMD). For this purpose, VMD is used to decompose Bluetooth (BT) transient signals into a series of band-limited modes, and then, the transient signal is reconstructed from the modes. Higher order statistical (HOS) features are extracted from the complex form of reconstructed transients. Then, Linear Support Vector Machine (LVM) classifier is used to identify BT devices. The method has been tested experimentally with BT devices of different brands, models and series. The classification performance shows that VMD based RF fingerprinting method achieves better performance (at least 8% higher) than time-frequency-energy (TFED) distribution based methods such as Hilbert-Huang Transform. This is demonstrated with the same dataset but with smaller number of features (nine features) and slightly lower (2-3 dB) SNR levels.