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Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 6Measuring Collective Action Intention Toward Gender Equality Across Cultures(Hogrefe Publishing Corp, 2024) Besta, Tomasz; Jurek, Pawel; Olech, Michal; Wlodarczyk, Anna; Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza; Bosson, Jennifer K.; Zadkowska, MagdalenaCollective action is a powerful tool for social change and is fundamental to women and girls' empowerment on a societal level. Collective action towards gender equality could be understood as intentional and conscious civic behaviors focused on social transformation, questioning power relations, and promoting gender equality through collective efforts. Various instruments to measure collective action intentions have been developed, but to our knowledge none of the published measures were subject to invariance testing. We introduce the gender equality collective action intention (GECAI) scale and examine its psychometric isomorphism and measurement invariance, using data from 60 countries (N = 31,686). Our findings indicate that partial scalar measurement invariance of the GECAI scale permits conditional comparisons of latent mean GECAI scores across countries. Moreover, this metric psychometric isomorphism of the GECAI means we can interpret scores at the country-level (i.e., as a group attribute) conceptually similar to individual attributes. Therefore, our findings add to the growing body of literature on gender based collective action by introducing a methodologically sound tool to measure collective action intentions towards gender equality across cultures.Article Citation - WoS: 2Perceived Health Outcomes of Recreation Scale: Measurement Invariance Over Gender(Iranian Scientific Society Medical Entomology, 2022) Kose, Elif; Yerlisu-Lapa, Tennur; Uzun, Nezaket Bilge; Kaas, Evren Tercan; Serdar, Emrah; Aras, GoksenBackground: Research handling structural differences among groups presume that the measurement tool works similarly among the groups and the results of measurements provide similar psychometric properties. Therefore, the aim of the study is to provide evidence for measurement invariance of the construct validity Perceived Health Outcomes of Recreation Scale (PHORS).Methods: The research sample consisted of a total of 1984 adults who exercise, including 864 women and 1120 men during 2021-2022 in Antalya City, Turkey. The MI of the PHORS was tested by multigroup con-firmatory factor analyses, which test the invariance of the covariance structures within the scope of structural equation modelling. Invariance tests were gradually conducted for the implicit variables in the model, CFI (comparative fit index criteria) and AIC (Akaike information criterion) were inquired between structural invari-ance, where no restriction was applied on the analyses and the other invariance tests (metric invariance, scalar invariance and string invariance respectively) where more restraints are applied.Results: The study yielded evidence showing that the measurement model defined for the factor structure of the scale provided measurement invariance by gender. increment CFI values were <= 0.010 in all subscales for metric and scalar invariance.Conclusion: The items of PHORS represented the same psychological structure, different groups responded to the items in the same way, the constant values in regression equations generated for the items in regression equations were equal/invariable between the groups.
