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Conference Object Understanding the Effect of Passive View on Surgical Performance in Simulation-Based Endoscopic Surgery Education(Iated-int Assoc Technology Education A& development, 2016) Topalli, Damla; Cagiltay, Nergiz ErcilWith the improvements of technologies in the field of surgery, minimally invasive surgical (MIS) technique have become the standard of surgical care for many patients which is performed through the camera view of the operational area from small entry points to the patients' body. Unlike open surgery, MIS is, by its nature, a technique that is very suitable for simulation based training. Developing special skills by using surgical simulations before entering an operating room enables more focused and efficient performance, which minimizes time in the operating room and enhances patient safety. Beside the benefits, MIS reveals some drawbacks as well, such as passive view. Passive view occurs when the surgeon needs the help of assistant to control the camera instead of controlling by his own movements. In such cases, performing the operation from the assistant's camera controlled view is considered as passive view. Earlier studies show that this passive view problem affects the surgical performance. Accordingly, the related surgery training programs should consider providing skills on passive view and the surgical tool designers also should consider this problem in their designs. Hence understanding the concept of passive view in general and understanding its possible affects on surgical performance is critical to improve the surgery process. Additionally, understanding the instructional considerations to better provide environments to practice for gaining these skills are critical for the domain of endoscopic surgery education programs. However, in the literature there are not many studies related with the passive view problem in endoscopic surgery procedures. In this study, a literature review is conducted to better understand the problems related with the passive view. Additionally, a pilot experimental study is conducted through a surgical simulation environment. The results of this study aimed to provide guidelines to the surgical training programs and the instructional system designers to improve the skills of the trainees to better deal with passive-view problem in endoscopic surgery.Conference Object Neuronavigation Skill Training Through Simulation: Insights From Eye Data(Iated-int Assoc Technology Education A& development, 2016) Cagiltay, N. E.; Topalli, D.; Borcek, A. O.; Tokdemir, G.; Maras, H. H.; Tonbul, G.; Aydin, E.Neuronavigation systems are developed to support the brain surgery operations. Because of its complex anatomical structure, the neurosurgery is a risky and critical operation. The surgeon is required to perform the operation in a very small area with very restricted movements. The neuronavigation systems are developed to help the surgeon during the operation to show the current position of the surgery with respect to the 3D virtual model of the patient. In these systems, the 3D virtual model of the patient is created according to the medical data (MRI/BT) of the patient. Hence these systems work like navigations systems that are used in driving a car. The surgeon uses this system by controlling the system through a software interface and its user interface and correlates the current position of the operation with the 3D patient virtual model. In this way the surgeon checks the critical anatomical structures through this system and eliminates possible risks. Hence surgeons who will perform such operations are required to develop several skills to manage this very complicated environment. They are required to perform the operation according to the information coming from the navigation display. Additionally, in order to reach relevant information from the navigation display they have to control the navigation panel. In order to prepare surgeons to manage this very complicated environment, their required skills need to be improved during the training period. In this study, to better understand the surgeons' behaviours while managing the tasks related to the surgical navigation procedures, a simulation based environment is developed and an experimental study is conducted with 10 people. Their eye data and their performance data is recorded based on the simulated tasks. The results of the study is analysed statistically and descriptively. The results show that it is possible to control a neuronavigation display through eye movements which could be an alternative human-computer interaction option for designing the neuronavigation systems' user interfaces. Secondly, it is shown that performing a task according to the results of a second information source (neuronavigation system) lowers the general performance in terms of travelled distance with the operation tool and camera (endoscope). However the success level while performing each task and the time spent values are similar in both cases. On the other hand the number of errors is higher in the first scenario. Hence, the surgical education programs need to provide appropriate solutions to better understand and measure the skill levels of trainees on such tasks and to improve their skills through virtual practice systems.Conference Object HOW TO WRITE POETICALLY(Iated-int Assoc Technology Education A& development, 2012) Tekin, Kugu; Selimoglu, Zeynep RanaThe importance of the role of writing in second language acquisition is indisputable. Compared to other skills, such as reading, listening and speaking, writing has a unique place, for it is a creative and productive stage of second language learning. It has been observed that almost every student has difficulty in writing. Students struggle to write even a solitary sentence let alone a well organized, coherent and accurate essay, which is a prerequisite for English Preparatory School students and for freshman students of English Language and Literature departments. The aim of this paper is to show how supposedly "boring" writing courses can be made attractive, enjoyable and at the same time productive to students. To this end, we provide our students with an atmosphere wherein creativity, enjoyment and above all, learning can take place. Our chosen medium in the construction of such a learning environment is poetry. The paper consists of two sections: the first is the theory section, which is about the function of literature. This section also includes a number of poetry definitions and the advantages of using poetry in writing courses. The second section focuses on practical activities to demonstrate how poetry can be applied to improve students' writing skills. The second section proceeds in three subsections entitled "pre-writing", "writing" and "post-writing". The overall aim of these activities is to integrate the two receptive language skills, reading and listening, and the two productive skills, writing and speaking. In conclusion, this paper is an attempt to turn a negatively perceived writing class into a student-friendly activity.Conference Object INSTRUCTOR'S VIEWS ON DIGITALIZATION OF CAMPUS; ROLES AND RECOMMENDATIONS(Iated-int Assoc Technology Education A& development, 2016) Cigdemoglu, Ceyhan; Akay, Hasan U.; Tekin, YucelThis study delve into determine the faculty members' opinions on digitalization and their views on roles and recommendations to create a digital campus. An open-ended questionnaire was answered by eleven participants, and then semi-structured interviews are conducted with volunteers. In this qualitative research, the participants were purposively selected. All interview sessions were type recorded and the data was transcribed verbatim. Lack of a comprehensive project with its budgets and action plans, job descriptions are perceived as an obstacle to create a digital campus. Lack of motivation is perceived as another obstacle to design digital course contents. The respondents consider that lessons should be designed in more attractive ways through innovative teaching methods through online tools. Faculty members using more digital tools could suggest more accountable action plans for digitalization.Conference Object Simulations for Surgical Education: a Case Study for Endoneurosurgery(Iated-int Assoc Technology Education A& development, 2015) Berker, Mustafa; Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Isikay, IlkayToday, introduction of the microscope and later the extensive use of the video camera have changed the way operations are performed which have replaced the direct vision by a video image. These types of surgical techniques are generally called as minimal invasive surgery (MIS). Laparoscopic surgery and endoscopic surgery fall in this category. These new technologies require some additional skills to be gained during the surgical education and training programs. Most of the traditional surgical training takes place in the operating theater under the supervision of an experienced surgeon which does not allow any try-and-error type of learning, and does not tolerate errors. Hence, alternative educational methods by providing try-and-error type of learning are a critical for medical education. This study presents a simulation environment developed specifically for the pituitary surgery operations. The simulation environment composed of two main parts: the skill-based education and the procedure-based education for the novice surgeons. This study shows the design and implementation of educational modules developed to provide try-and-error type of educational environments as a case study on pituitary surgery operations.Conference Object Understanding Skill Improvements by Practicing the Usage of Surgical Instruments(Iated-int Assoc Technology Education A& development, 2016) Cagiltay, N. E.; Topalli, D.Today, surgical education environments have serious problems. Nowadays, a large part of surgical skills are learned in the operating room while operating on patients. As technology developed, surgical field has been supported by a video image, by using camera named as endoscope and thin surgical devices instead of fingers. In order to make operations more cost effective, operation time should be reduced. Hence, there is a need to improve surgery performance in an efficient way. Efficiency is related to time, cost as well as the ethical issues. Ethical perspective is vital to limit surgery complications and maximize patient safety should be considered. Minimum education should be done on patient. Hence, several virtual educational environments have been developed to address these problems of surgical education. In this study, a surgical simulation game for practicing the usage of surgical instruments is developed as a part of Endoneurosurgery Education Project (ECE). In the game scenarios, a surgical instrument (cautery) is introduced to the participants and tasks are assigned in order to practice the usage of that equipment. The participants are asked to perform the tasks in virtual environment with their dominant and non-dominant hand. Ten equal tasks are prepared in the simulated environment to better understand the task performance of the participants by considering the number of repetition, the task duration and distance taken by the instrument to perform each task. The experimental results of this study give insight about the ideal training period, and number of repetitions needed to accurately use the instrument for surgical education. According to these results in this study some guidelines are developed for the instructional system designers to improve the support level of simulation-based education systems on the current educational programs.
