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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14411/18
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Article Performance Investigation of ML Algorithms for Potato Blight Classification: The Role of Hyperparameter Tuning(Springer, 2026) Saeed, Sadia; Rehman, Hafiz Zia Ur; Hussain, Muhammad Ureed; Khan, Muhammad Umer; Saeed, Muhammad TallalPotato is the world's fourth most important food crop, consumed by over a billion people. Early and late blight diseases can reduce yields by up to 40%, leading to severe economic and food security challenges. While manual detection methods are prone to error, automated, image-based machine learning (ML) offers a promising alternative, though its performance depends strongly on proper optimization. This study investigates the role of hyperparameter tuning in improving ML algorithms for potato blight classification. We utilized two datasets: the PlantVillage dataset (500 images per class) and a region-specific Potato Leaf Dataset (PLD) from Pakistan (1628 early blight, 1424 late blight, 1020 healthy). All images were resized to 256 & times; 256 pixels and augmented. Features were extracted using the Bag-of-Features (BoF) technique, and four classic ML models-Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and Random Forest (RF)-were trained. Hyperparameters were optimized via grid search with 5-fold cross-validation. This tuning led to measurable improvements; for instance, SVM accuracy increased from 93.0% to 95.9% on PlantVillage and from 85.0% to 87.0% on PLD. Evaluation using precision, recall, F1-score, and specificity confirmed SVM as the best-performing model. A confusion matrix analysis revealed that most misclassifications occurred between the two blight types due to visual similarity. To translate our findings into practice, we developed a MATLAB Graphical User Interface (GUI) that enables farmers to classify a leaf image in under three seconds and receive precautionary recommendations. This study demonstrates that systematic hyperparameter optimization is crucial for maximizing ML performance and is a key step in building accessible, real-time tools for precision agriculture. Future work will focus on extending the system to mobile and web platforms.Article Comparative Analysis of Vibration Axis Effects on Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Machining of Inconel 718(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2026) Namlu, R.H.; Kilic, Z.M.Inconel 718 is widely utilized in critical engineering sectors, particularly aerospace, owing to its exceptional creep resistance, corrosion resistance, and retention of mechanical strength at elevated temperatures. However, its high hardness, low thermal conductivity, and strong work-hardening tendency make it extremely difficult to machine using conventional techniques. Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Machining (UVAM) has emerged as an effective strategy to overcome these limitations by superimposing high-frequency, low-amplitude vibrations onto the cutting process. Depending on the vibration direction, UVAM can significantly change chip formation, tool–workpiece interaction, and surface integrity. In this study, the influence of three UVAM modes—longitudinal (Z-UVAM), feed-directional (X-UVAM), and multi-axial (XZ-UVAM)—on the machining behavior of Inconel 718 was systematically investigated. The findings reveal that XZ-UVAM provides the most advantageous outcomes, primarily due to its intermittent cutting mechanism. Compared with Conventional Machining (CM), XZ-UVAM reduced cutting forces by up to 43% and areal surface roughness by 37%, while generating surfaces with more uniform topographies and smaller peak-to-valley variations. Furthermore, UVAM enhanced subsurface microhardness as a result of the surface hammering effect, which may improve fatigue performance. XZ-UVAM also effectively minimized burr formation, demonstrating its potential for high-quality, sustainable, and efficient machining of Inconel 718. © 2026 by the authors.Article The Great Kapok Tree Growing With Turkish Children: A Kincentric "Writing Project(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Hastürkoğlu, G.Environmental problems, increasingly felt on a global scale, have necessitated environmental education from a very young age, a vital component of sustainable development efforts. As an integral part of this education, environmental children’s literature, especially picturebooks, can give young children the necessary knowledge, cultivate environmental awareness, help develop sustainable behavioral patterns, and increase environmental literacy. In a similar vein, translated picturebooks can create comparable impacts through intentional translational strategies adopted by all translation agents involved in the process. Approaching translation as a writing project, this study aims to explore how the Turkish translation of the environmental picturebook, The Great Kapok Tree, can help foster a kincentric worldview through adding and omitting semiotic modes in the target text and analyze how these changes may transform and potentially enhance or diminish environmental messages in the translated version. The findings reveal the efficacy of the translator’s and other translation agents’ active involvement in the translation process by framing the translation as a writing project that can reshape the source text to achieve environmental and educational goals. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.Article Evaluation of Space Efficiency, Structural Systems, Material Applications, and Design of High-Rise Structures in South Korea(Highlights of Science, 2025) Aktaş, K.O.; Zaim, A.; Aslantamer, Ö.N.; Aktas, G.G.; Ilgın, H.E.This study examines 61 South Korean towers, analyzing their architectural configu-rations, structural systems, material applications, and spatial efficiencies. Findings indicate a pre-dominance of central core configurations and prismatic forms, reinforcing a function-driven approach to vertical urbanism. Structural system preferences highlight the widespread use of out-riggered frames, ensuring lateral stability while optimizing floor layouts. Material selection trends reveal a reliance on concrete, aligning with global patterns, while composite materials (25%) are used in high-performance supertall structures. Functionally, residential high-rises dominate, with mixed-use (2%) and office towers (11%) remaining limited. This research also identifies an aver-age spatial efficiency of 76%, aligning with international benchmarks, though variations exist across cities due to core-to-gross floor area ratios, structural constraints, and service core alloca-tions. This research underscores South Korea’s strategic high-rise development, prioritizing space optimization, structural efficiency, and economic feasibility. However, opportunities re-main for increased functional diversity, broader hybrid material adoption, and greater integration of sustainable design innovations. These findings contribute to global skyscraper analysis, offering insights into high-rise architecture’s role in urban resilience and density management. © 2025 Aktaş et al.Article Consumer Behavior and Sustainability: What Role Does Eco-Friendly Packaging Play in Emerging Markets(Emerald Publishing, 2025) Güngördü Belbağ, A.Purpose – This study aims to offer a systematic review of eco-friendly packaged products from the consumer perspective in emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach – This study analyzed 47 Web of Science and SCOPUS articles using the PRISMA and theory-context-characteristics-methodology (TCCM) framework. Findings – This systematic review shows that prior research was mainly quantitative and relied heavily on the theory of planned behavior. This study categorized the articles by personal, product, price, place, promotion and external factors. Research primarily focused on personal factors, especially values and attitudes. Place-related factors were the least studied. Few studies explored mediators and moderators of purchase intention. Originality/value – This study shifts the focus of eco-friendly packaging research toward the consumer perspective, which was underexplored in the existing literature, particularly in emerging markets. While prior studies have primarily centered on manufacturers, this review synthesizes prior research showing that consumer behavior, knowledge and perception play a critical role in advancing sustainability and circular economy goals. This systematic review is the first to address this gap in emerging markets and offers implications for policymakers and businesses aiming to promote sustainable consumption in diverse socioeconomic settings. © 2025 Emerald Publishing LimitedArticle Interpretations of Murano Glass in Interior Design Through Its Functional, Decorative, and Artistic Values(Anadolu Univ, 2025) Sengul, Ipek; Erdogan, Busra NurMurano glass is a world-renowned type ofglass produced on the island of Murano, located in Venice, Italy. It is distinguished by its traditional handcrafting techniques, a wide range of colors, high transparency, and its role as an aesthetic design element. Murano glass isutilized in interior spaces both as a functional and a decorative element. This study aims to examine the functional, decorative, and artistic uses of Murano glass in interior architeture. The research evaluates how Murano glass shapes spatial perception, the relationship between its material properties and usage types, and its contributions to interior spaces. Initially, interior elements that use Murano glass as the primary material were investigated. Following a literature review, the usage areas of Murano glass were detailed under the categories of lighting elements, wall panels and mosaics, space dividers, furniture and decorative accessories, artistic installations, and sculptures. Based on the collected data, the study identifies how Murano glass contributes to interior architecture in terms of functio nality, decoration, and artistic value, as well as how its material properties enhance interior spaces. It was observed that the significance of each usage type varies across categories, with certain functions being more prominent in specific applications. In conclusion, considering the diverse applications of Murano glass in interior architecture, its role in spatial aesthetics and decorative value has been emphasized.Article Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Photodynamic Therapy Efficacies of Meso-Pyridine Bodipys and Their Ruthenium Complexes(Wiley, 2025) Aksoy, Burcu Topaloglu; Ozcan, Emrah; Bulut, Onur; Kazan, Hasan Huseyin; Cosut, BunyeminPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a candidate approach for cancer treatment. In PDT applications, a fluorescent molecule, called photosensitizer (PS), induces light-directed production of reactive species, resulting in cytotoxicity. Having tunable fluorescence and easy derivatization properties, the BODIPY core is widely used as a PS. To further increase the light-induced toxicity, studies have shown the conjugation of heavy metals to the BODIPY core. However, such complexes are still needed to fully figure out their potential. In the current study, as part of an ongoing one, two novel ruthenium-BODIPY complexes were synthesized and characterized by structural, photophysical, and biological methods. To obtain complex structures between ruthenium dimers and BODIPY units, [RuCl2(p-cymene)](2) dimers, and non-iodo and di-iodo BODIPY derivatives were reacted in methanol-tetrahydrofuran (THF) medium. Photophysical properties, fluorescence lifetime, molar extinction coefficient, photostability, and capability of singlet oxygen generation were determined using absorption and/or fluorescence spectroscopy. Besides, the structures of the complexes were further clarified by the single-crystal X-ray technique. The cytotoxicity of compounds was examined against the human cervical cancer cell line, HeLa, and breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, both in the dark and by light irradiation. Accordingly, both precursors and their ruthenium complexes were light-dependent toxic; nevertheless, di-iodinated meso-pyridine-substituted BODIPYs displayed light-independent toxicity by long-term treatments. Moreover, the effects of the complexes were cell-specific and the toxicities of di-iodinated BODIPY complexes were inversely correlated with the concentrations, underlying a possible aggregation and/or unpredicted cellular interaction pattern. These results emphasize that further functionalization and molecular characterization of BODIPY-ruthenium complexes are still required for PDT applications.Article Citation - WoS: 2Anti-Immigration Conspiracy Beliefs Are Associated With Endorsement of Conventional and Violent Actions Opposing Immigration and Attitudes Towards Democracy Across 21 Countries(SpringerNature, 2025) Thomas, Emma F.; Stothard, Christina; Besta, Tomasz; Akbas, Gulcin; Becker, Julia C.; Becker, Maja; van Zomeren, MartijnDespite widespread speculation that conspiracy beliefs foster anti-democratic outcomes, the empirical picture is inconsistent. To clarify this literature, we examine the relationships that conspiracy beliefs have with commitment to reactionary action and criticism of democracy, focusing on a global issue: immigration. We expected that people who believe that their government uses immigration to diversify the population against citizens' wishes (anti-migration conspiracy beliefs) would be more committed to conventional and violent action to oppose immigration, and more critical of democracy. However, societal-level factors - economic performance and democratic functioning - were expected to influence (strengthen, weaken) these links. As hypothesized, multi-level analyses (N = 4353) from 21 countries revealed that economic prosperity attenuated the positive link between anti-migration conspiracy beliefs and commitment to reactionary action. Paradoxically, more democratic societies evidenced stronger links between conspiracy beliefs and conventional (but not violent) action to oppose immigration. Thus, more democratic societies appear to invite conventional forms of action to oppose immigration which may, in turn, weaken democratic norms of inclusion. Results highlight the interplay of individual- and societal-level factors underlying illiberal movements.Conference Object Model Enhancement for UAV Stealth in X-Band(IEEE, 2025) Unalir, Dizdar; Yalcinkaya, Bengisu; Aydin, ElifWith the rapid advancement of technology, radar detection techniques continue to evolve, challenging the effectiveness of traditional unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) stealth techniques. As the usage of UAVs in military applications expands, the need for effective radar cross section reduction (RCSR) methods to enhance their stealth capabilities has grown significantly. In this study, we propose an enhancement of a previously developed Low-RCS UAV model, focusing on RCSR with shaping technique in the X-band. For the identification and optimization of the UAV model's highly reflective components, a detailed simulative analysis of the RCS was performed using CST Studio Suite Environment. The modifications are applied to the body and leg components to minimize radar reflections. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed enhancements significantly reduced RCS values compared to the original Low-RCS UAV model. A total of 13 dBsm reduction in RCS was observed compared to the traditional UAV models. Comparative analysis for different frequencies in X-Band and various aspect angles confirmed the effectiveness of the improved design, validating its potential for stealth applications. The findings can contribute to the research in UAV stealth technology and provide insights into future low-visibility UAV designs.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 3Space Efficiency in Tall Timber Buildings: A Comprehensive Review(Highlights of Science, 2025) Ilgın, H.; Aslantamer, Ö.Tall timber construction is gaining popularity due to its notable environmental and economic benefits throughout its lifecycle. Maximizing space efficiency in these buildings is a key factor in ensuring project viability. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive research on the space efficiency of these projects. This study focused on analyzing 50 tall buildings (over eight stories) globally to improve insights into the design elements that affect space use. The key findings include: i) predominant architectural configurations incorporate residential functions, a centrally positioned core, and prismatic building forms; ii) composite materials are the most utilized, with shear-walled frame systems being the preferred structural solution; and iii) average space efficiency is 84%, with core areas accounting for 11% of the gross floor area, ranging from 71% and 4% at the lower end to 93% and 21% at the upper end. This study provides valuable guidance for architects and other key participants engaged in the planning and construction of tall timber buildings. © 2025 Ilgın and Aslantamer.