Evaluation of Space Efficiency, Structural Systems, Material Applications, and Design of High-Rise Structures in South Korea

Abstract

This study examines 61 South Korean towers, analyzing their architectural configurations, structural systems, material applications, and spatial efficiencies. Findings indicate a predominance of central core configurations and prismatic forms, reinforcing a function-driven approach to vertical urbanism. Structural system preferences highlight the widespread use of outriggered frames, ensuring lateral stability while optimizing floor layouts. Material selection trends reveal a reliance on concrete, aligning with global patterns, while composite materials (25%) are used in high-performance supertall structures. Functionally, residential high-rises dominate, with mixed-use (2%) and office towers (11%) remaining limited. This research also identifies an average spatial efficiency of 76%, aligning with international benchmarks, though variations exist across cities due to core-to-gross floor area ratios, structural constraints, and service core allocations. This research underscores South Korea's strategic high-rise development, prioritizing space optimization, structural efficiency, and economic feasibility. However, opportunities remain for increased functional diversity, broader hybrid material adoption, and greater integration of sustainable design innovations. These findings contribute to global skyscraper analysis, offering insights into high-rise architecture's role in urban resilience and density management.