Evaluation of Space Efficiency, Structural Systems, Material Applications, and Design of High-Rise Structures in South Korea

Abstract

This study examines 61 South Korean towers, analyzing their architectural configu-rations, structural systems, material applications, and spatial efficiencies. Findings indicate a pre-dominance of central core configurations and prismatic forms, reinforcing a function-driven approach to vertical urbanism. Structural system preferences highlight the widespread use of out-riggered frames, ensuring lateral stability while optimizing floor layouts. Material selection trends reveal a reliance on concrete, aligning with global patterns, while composite materials (25%) are used in high-performance supertall structures. Functionally, residential high-rises dominate, with mixed-use (2%) and office towers (11%) remaining limited. This research also identifies an aver-age spatial efficiency of 76%, aligning with international benchmarks, though variations exist across cities due to core-to-gross floor area ratios, structural constraints, and service core alloca-tions. This research underscores South Korea’s strategic high-rise development, prioritizing space optimization, structural efficiency, and economic feasibility. However, opportunities re-main for increased functional diversity, broader hybrid material adoption, and greater integration of sustainable design innovations. These findings contribute to global skyscraper analysis, offering insights into high-rise architecture’s role in urban resilience and density management. © 2025 Aktaş et al.