Model Enhancement for UAV Stealth in X-Band

Abstract

With the rapid advancement of technology, radar detection techniques continue to evolve, challenging the effectiveness of traditional unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) stealth techniques. As the usage of UAVs in military applications expands, the need for effective radar cross section reduction (RCSR) methods to enhance their stealth capabilities has grown significantly. In this study, we propose an enhancement of a previously developed Low-RCS UAV model, focusing on RCSR with shaping technique in the X-band. For the identification and optimization of the UAV model’s highly reflective components, a detailed simulative analysis of the RCS was performed using CST Studio Suite Environment. The modifications are applied to the body and leg components to minimize radar reflections. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed enhancements significantly reduced RCS values compared to the original Low-RCS UAV model. A total of 13 dBsm reduction in RCS was observed compared to the traditional UAV models. Comparative analysis for different frequencies in X-Band and various aspect angles confirmed the effectiveness of the improved design, validating its potential for stealth applications. The findings can contribute to the research in UAV stealth technology and provide insights into future low-visibility UAV designs. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.