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Browsing by Author "Turhan, Cihan"

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    Akıllı Bina Uygulamalarındaki Havalandırma Sıstemı Kontrol Stratejılerınde Kullanıcı Sayısı Tespıtı Temellı Yenı Bır Yaklaşım
    (2021) Turhan, Cihan; Çeter, Aydın Ege; Energy Systems Engineering
    Binalarda kullanılan geleneksel havalandırma sistemleri tutarlı bir şekilde işlevini yerine getirmesine karşın, iç ortamda yeterli konforu sağlamamaktadır. Akıllı havalandırma sistemleri ise enerji tüketimini en aza indirirken, istenilen iç hava kalitesini sağlamak için iç ortam parametrelerini isteğe bağlı olarak kullanıcı sayısı tespiti ile ayarlamaktadır. Kabul edilebilir iç hava kalitesi için havalandırma gereksinimlerini düzenleyen ASHRAE 62 standardı, zamandan bağımsız kullanıcı sayısı tespit algoritmaları kullanmaktadır. Ancak bu tip simülasyon çalışmalarında dinamik metot ve algoritmaların kullanılması gerekmektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Ankara ATILIM Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi’nde yer alan bir ofis alanında, kullanıcı sayısı tespiti ile yeni bir dinamik havalandırma sistemi kontrol stratejisi geliştirilmiştir. Bu algoritma, karbondioksit konsantrasyonu, iç hava sıcaklığı ve kapı konumunu tespit eden bir dizi sensör yardımı ile elde edilmiştir. Üretilen prototip, HVAC sistemin hava akışını düzenlemektedir ve gerçek koşullarda test edilmiştir. Geliştirilen yeni yöntemin testleri 1 Ocak 2020 – 15 Ağustos 2020 tarihleri arasında yapılmış olup, termal konfor ve enerji tüketimi bağlamında geleneksel HVAC yönetim sistemi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre yeni kontrol stratejisi ve prototipin enerji tüketimini %16 azalttığını, aynı zamanda kişilerin %94’ünün ısıl konforu sağladığı tespit edilmiştir.
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    Master Thesis
    Bir Eğitim Binasının Termal Konfor İncelenmesi ve Güçlendirilmesi Stratejileri
    (2022) Rashıd, Sanarya Ghazı Rashıd; Turhan, Cihan; Energy Systems Engineering
    Binaların, küresel sürdürülebilir kalkınma açısından en büyük enerji tüketicilerinden biri olduğu bilinmektedir. Teknolojik gelişmeler çevre dostu binaların inşasına aktif olarak yardımcı olsa da, mevcut binalar da önemli miktarda enerji tüketiyor. En önemli yapı türlerinden biri de inceleyeceğimiz eğitimdir. Gelecek nesillere kaliteli bir eğitim verebilmek için kaliteli okul yapılarına sahip olunması gerekmektedir. Binayı birçok faktör etkilerken, ısıl konfor öğrencileri etkileyen en etkili faktördür. Termal konfor, bir insanın termal çevresi ile olan zevkini ifade eder. Hoş bir termal ortam, fiziksel ve zihinsel sağlığı destekler. Bu çalışma, bu faktörü dikkate almakta ve tasarımı yeniden inşa etmeden farklı iyileştirmeler ekleyerek eğitim binalarında ısıl konforu iyileştirme potansiyelini incelemeye çalışmaktadır. Halihazırda mevcut bir binanın analiz modeli Atılım Üniversitesi, Ankara Design Builder yazılımı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. İlk olarak orijinal kasa binası üzerinde simülasyon yapılmıştır. Daha sonra binanın modifiye edilmiş kasaları üzerinde, toplamda yedi kasa simülasyonu yapılmıştır. pencere ve çerçeve tiplerini değiştirmeyi, bir Trombe duvarı eklemeyi içerir. Yalıtım malzemesinin her seferinde üç farklı malzeme ile değiştirilmesi, güneş kollektörü eklenmesi, ayarlanan sıcaklık ve hava sızdırmazlığının değiştirilmesi ve ışık sistemlerinin led tipine dönüştürülmesi. Model, yıllık enerji tüketimi için simüle edilmiş ve sonuçlar kaydedilmiştir Bu, ilk vi güçlendirme senaryosu seçeneğiydi. Bina yöneliminin revizyonunu dikkate alan teorik bir yeniden tasarım senaryosu da oluşturuldu. Vakalar arasında karşılaştırmalı bir analiz yapılmış ve çalışma, hava sızdırmazlığının hiçbir vakadan etkilenmediğini, öğrenci ısıl konforu için en etkili durumun ise öğrenci rahatsızlık saatlerini %17 azaltan Taşyünü yalıtım malzemesi uygulaması olduğunu göstermiştir. CO2 emisyonlarını azaltmak ve enerji tüketimini azaltmak için en etkili olurken, hava sızdırmazlığı hiçbir durumdan etkilenmedi. ve güneş kollektörü uygulamak en pahalı durumdu.
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    A Case Study on the Assumption of Mean Radiant Temperature Equals To Indoor Air Temperature in a Free-Running Building
    (2021) Özbey, Mehmet Furkan; Turhan, Cihan; Energy Systems Engineering; Mechanical Engineering
    Thermal comfort is basically affected by environmental (mean radiant temperature, indoor air temperature and relative humidity and air velocity) and personal parameters (clothing value and activity level). Mean Radiant Temperature is the most complicated parameter among all thermal comfort parameters due to the difficulty of measurement and calculation processes. Calculation methods are not preferred by the researchers because of the complexity of obtaining angle factors while the measurement methods require very expensive devices such as globe thermometers and radiometers. On the other hand, assumptions are commonly used in thermal comfort studies because of their simplicities. One of the most frequently used assumptions expresses the equality of mean radiant temperature to indoor air temperature. However, the accuracy of this assumption needs further experimental research in order to evaluate thermal comfort, especially in free-running buildings. To this aim, this study proposes to determine the accuracy of the assumption of mean radiant temperature equals to indoor air temperature in a free-running building where Adaptive Thermal Comfort approach is applied in summer condition. Environmental parameters are measured via objective sensors, while adaptive thermal comfort is assessed by a software program. The statistical results show that there are significant deviations between two parameters in summer conditions for a free-running building.
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    Master Thesis
    Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Araçları Kullanılarak Endüstriyel Binalar için En İyi Hvac Sisteminin Seçilmesi
    (2020) Alalosi, Khalid; Baç, Uğur; Turhan, Cihan; Industrial Engineering
    Isıtma Havalandırma ve Klima (HVAC) seçiminde özellikle seçim teknik, ekonomik ve çevresel kriterlerle ilgili olduğunda zordur. HVAC sistemleri, binalardaki toplam enerji tüketiminin %50'sini oluşturur. Ayrıca sistem, zararlı emisyonların azaltılmasında önemli bir rol oynar. Tasarım sürecinde en uygun HVAC sisteminin seçilmesinde, enerjiye olan büyük talep, HVAC sistemlerinin kullanımın oranın artışı ve çevresel hijyene yönelik önlemlerin uygulanmasına yönelik küresel ihtiyaçlar belirleyici oluyor. Ankara'daki bir endüstriyel binanın vaka analizinde birkaç makinenin üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Bu analizde Design Builder (DB) programı kullanılarak, dinamik bina enerji simülasyonu yapılmış ve binanın toplam enerji tüketimi hesaplanmıştır. Analizdeki karar verme sürecinde kriterleri doğru tartma, sübjektif ve objektif değerlendirmelerde yüksek doğruluk sağlayarak en uygun alternatifi seçebilmek adına Kademeli Ağırlık Değerlendirme Oranı Analizi (SWARA) ve Ağırlıklı Toplu Toplam Ürün Değerlendirme (WASPAS) yaklaşımları uygulanmıştır. WASPAS, etkili verileri ve belirsiz bilgileri kolaylaştırma ve iyi bir sistematik karar verme analizi sağlama yeteneği ile bilinmektedir. Teknik, çevresel ve ekonomik kriterler dahil 27 kritere göre 11 HVAC farklı sistemi incelenmiştir. SWARA ve WASPAS yöntemleri kullanarak seçilen en iyi HVAC sisteminin analiz sonuçları, farklı lamda değerlerine göre gerçekleştirilen hassasiyet analizle gösterilmiştir. Su kaynaklı Isı Pompaları, her durumda endüstriyel binalar için en iyi alternatif olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu seçiminin ekonomik, teknik ve çevresel olarak en uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: HVAC sistemi, SWARA, WASPAS, MCDM
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    Article
    Citation - WoS: 14
    Citation - Scopus: 16
    A Comprehensive Comparison and Accuracy of Different Methods To Obtain Mean Radiant Temperature in Indoor Environment
    (Elsevier, 2022) Ozbey, Mehmet Furkan; Turhan, Cihan; Energy Systems Engineering; Mechanical Engineering
    Thermal comfort is defined as "the state of mind which expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment" by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers in the standard of the ASHRAE55. Thermal comfort is affected by six main parameters which are split into two categories; personal (basic clothing insulation value and metabolic rate) and environmental (air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, and mean radiant temperature) parameters. The mean radiant temperature is a problematic parameter in thermal comfort studies due to its complexity. The mean radiant temperature approaches are based on different techniques such as calculation methods, measurement methods, and assumptions. Although the assumptions are utilized by researchers to abstain complexity, their accuracies are uncertain. To this aim, this study purposes to find the accuracies of calculation and assumption methods by comparing with reference measurement method. An office building in a temperate climate zone is selected as a case study. Two calculation methods and eight assumptions on obtaining mean radiant temperature are compared via in-situ measurements. The results revealed that using assumptions or calculation methods to obtain the mean radiant temperature caused a significant error compared to the reference method and researchers should consider accuracies of these methods before utilizing them in their applications.
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    Citation - WoS: 45
    Citation - Scopus: 47
    A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Most Suitable Hvac System for an Industrial Building by Using a Hybrid Building Energy Simulation and Multi Criteria Decision Making Framework
    (Elsevier, 2021) Bac, Ugur; Alaloosi, Khalid Abdulwahab Mohamed Saed; Turhan, Cihan; Energy Systems Engineering; Industrial Engineering
    Great demand for energy and growing trend in the use of energy-efficient HVAC systems force researchers to focus on the importance of choosing the most appropriate HVAC system for industrial buildings during design process. Therefore, developing a model to select the most suitable HVAC system is vital for industrial buildings. To this aim, this study provides a comprehensive evaluation of different HVAC systems for an industrial building by using hybrid multi criteria decision making (MCDM) method. An industrial building in Ankara/Turkey is selected as a case building. Eleven HVAC systems are evaluated based on twenty seven criteria, which are determined as a result of extensive literature research, and are grouped under six categories including ergonomic, environmental, reliability, technical, and economical aspects. A hybrid application of building energy simulation (BES) integrated modified Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) and Weighted Additive Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) framework is developed for supporting the decision making process. The novelty of the study is integrating the objective results of a well-calibrated dynamic BES tool with subjective criteria which are collected from expert opinions by applying questionnaires with face-to-face interview method. The results of MCDM framework and sensitivity analysis showed that the water-source heat pump is the best and suitable alternative for the industrial building. The outcome of this study would benefit the HVAC engineers and specialists in order to design the best HVAC systems in industrial buildings while providing an insight into different criteria. Moreover, key contribution to the literature is the usage of hybrid MCDM framework integrated with BES tool in the building sector.
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    Conference Object
    Citation - WoS: 3
    Citation - Scopus: 3
    Design and Validation of a Fault Tolerant Fuzzy Control for a Wind Park High-Fidelity Simulator
    (Ieee, 2021) Simani, Silvio; Turhan, Cihan; Farsoni, Saverio; Energy Systems Engineering
    To enhance both the safety and the efficiency of offshore wind park systems, faults must be accommodated in their earlier occurrence, in order to avoid costly unplanned maintenance. Therefore, this paper aims at implementing a fault tolerant control strategy by means of a data-driven approach relying on fuzzy logic. In particular, fuzzy modelling is considered here as it enables to approximate unknown nonlinear relations, while managing uncertain measurements and disturbance. On the other hand, the model of the fuzzy controller is directly estimated from the input-output signals acquired from the wind farm system, with fault tolerant capabilities. In general, the use of purely nonlinear relations and analytic methods would require more complex design tools. The design is therefore enhanced by the use of fuzzy model prototypes obtained via a data-driven approach, thus representing the key point if real-time solutions have to implement the proposed fault tolerant control strategy. Finally, a high-fidelity simulator including hardware-in-the-loop modules is exploited to validate the reliability and robustness characteristics of the developed methodologies also for on-line implementations.
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    Article
    Citation - WoS: 30
    Citation - Scopus: 36
    Development of a Personalized Thermal Comfort Driven Controller for Hvac Systems
    (Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) Turhan, Cihan; Simani, Silvio; Akkurt, Gulden Gokcen; Energy Systems Engineering
    Increasing thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption are two main objectives of advanced HVAC control systems. In this study, a thermal comfort driven control (PTC-DC) algorithm was developed to improve HVAC control systems with no need of retrofitting HVAC system components. A case building located in Izmir Institute of Technology Campus-Izmir-Turkey was selected to test the developed system. First, wireless sensors were installed to the building and a mobile application was developed to monitor/ collect temperature, relative humidity and thermal comfort data of an occupant. Then, the PTC-DC algorithm was developed to meet the highest occupant thermal comfort as well as saving energy. The prototypes of the controller were tested on the case building from July 3rd, 2017 to November 1st, 2018 and compared with a conventional PID controller. The results showed that the developed control algorithm and conventional controller satisfy neutral thermal comfort for 92 % and 6 % of total measurement days, respectively. From energy consumption point of view, the PTC-DC decreased energy consumption by 13.2 % compared to the conventional controller. Consequently, the PTC-DC differs from other works in the literature that the prototype of PTC-DC can be easily deployed in real environments. Moreover, the PTC-DC is low-cost and user-friendly. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Article
    Citation - WoS: 16
    Citation - Scopus: 17
    Effect of Pre-And Post-Exam Stress Levels on Thermal Sensation of Students
    (Elsevier Science Sa, 2021) Turhan, Cihan; Ozbey, Mehmet Furkan; Energy Systems Engineering; Mechanical Engineering
    The Predicted Mean Vote and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PMV/PPD) method is used worldwide to assess thermal comfort. The PMV/PPD method traditionally depends on four environmental parameters; air temperature, relative humidity, mean radiant temperature and air velocity, and two personal parameters; metabolic rate and clothing insulation. However, accurate modelling of thermal comfort requires consideration of psychological impacts, as well as associated physical responses to the environment. This paper investigates the effect of one of the psychological parameters; stress level on the thermal sensation of students for male and female which can be a sufficient limitation of the accuracy of thermal comfort/sensation models. Actual Thermal Sensation (ATS) and Profile of Mood States (POMS) are used to examine the effect of stress level on the thermal sensation. Pre-test-Post-test Control (PPC) experimental design is conducted on the students in a university, Ankara, Turkey, which has a Csb type climate zone according to Koppen-Geiger climate classification. First, students are split into two random groups; control and experimental groups. The students in experimental group are requested to attend exam while the students in control group read their favourite books. Then, students are subjected to pre-and post-exam surveys in order to understand the relationship between stress level and ATS. As a supportive analysis, Heart Rate (HR) and Skin Temperature (ST) are also included in the study as sympathetic responses of occupants to the thermal discomfort due to stress. Smart wristbands and infrared thermometers are used to measure Heart Rate and Skin Temperature of the students. Results showed that there is a difference between control group and experimental group before the exam (pre-test) except the ST of females. After the exam (post-test), there are no significant differences between two groups. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Article
    Enhancing Urban Sustainability With Novel Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines: a Study on Residential Buildings in Çeşme
    (Mdpi, 2025) Saleh, Yousif Abed Saleh; Durak, Murat; Turhan, Cihan; Energy Systems Engineering
    This study investigates the integration of three types of vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs)-helical, IceWind, and a combined design-on residential buildings in & Ccedil;e & scedil;me, T & uuml;rkiye, a region with an average wind speed of 7 m/s. The research explores the potential of small-scale wind turbines in urban areas, providing sustainable solutions for renewable energy generation and reducing reliance on conventional energy sources. The turbines were designed and analyzed using SolidWorks and ANSYS Fluent, achieving power outputs of 350 W for the helical turbine, 430 W for the IceWind turbine, and 590 W for the combined turbine. A total of 42 turbines were mounted on a five-storey residential building model, and DesignBuilder software was utilized to simulate and evaluate the energy consumption. The baseline energy consumption of 172 kWh/m2 annually was reduced by 18.45%, 22.93%, and 30.88% for the helical, IceWind, and combined turbines, respectively. Furthermore, the economic analysis showed payback periods of 12.89 years for the helical turbine, 10.60 years for the IceWind turbine, and 10.49 years for the combined turbine. These findings emphasize the viability of integrating VAWTs into urban buildings as an effective strategy for reducing energy consumption, lowering costs, and enhancing energy efficiency.
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    Article
    Estimation of the Mean Radiant Temperature in Office Buildings Using an Artificial Neural Network Developed in a Phyton Environment
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Ozbey, Mehmet Furkan; Lotfi, Bahram; Turhan, Cihan; Energy Systems Engineering; Mechanical Engineering
    Thermal comfort describes an occupant's state of mind in a thermal environment, influenced by six parameters: air velocity, relative humidity, air temperature, mean radiant temperature (MRT), clothing value, and metabolic rate. MRT is the most problematic parameter since the obtaining process is difficult and time-consuming. MRT can be acquired by several methods such as calculations, measurements, assumptions, and software programmes. However, the methods have complexities and uncertainties. Comprehensive models are needed to obtain MRT. To this aim, this study presents an alternative method using one of the artificial intelligence methods, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), to predict MRT for indoor environments to abstain from the difficulties and complexities. A case building is selected in a university office building in Ankara, T & uuml;rkiye. The proposed model is developed and coded in a Python programming environment to predict the MRT using ANN. The results indicate that the ANN model, using only four inputs, predicts MRT with an R-2 value of 0.94 compared to the globe thermometer measurement method. The model's advantages over methods include simplicity, time efficiency and learning from the limited datasets such as difficulty in calculating terms like MRT.
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    Article
    Citation - WoS: 16
    Citation - Scopus: 17
    Gender Inequity in Thermal Sensation Based on Emotional Intensity for Participants in a Warm Mediterranean Climate Zone
    (Elsevier France-editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2023) Ceter, Aydin Ege; Ozbey, Mehmet Furkan; Turhan, Cihan; Energy Systems Engineering; Mechanical Engineering
    The deficiencies of the one of the most preferred conventional thermal comfort models, the Predicted Mean Vote/ Percentage of Predicted Dissatisfied (PMV/PPD) method have emerged over time since the model does not take psychological parameters such as personal traits, mood states and adaptation into account. Therefore, re-searchers have focused on Adaptive Thermal Comfort models that integrate human behaviours into the model for better prediction of thermal comfort. In addition to the influence of the behaviours of occupants, thermal comfort may be evaluated as a subjective term, thus, the effect of one of the psychological parameters, current mood state, on thermal sensation cannot be ignored for predictions. Although, the effect of current mood state on thermal sensation is a vital concept, the findings of the studies are not effective and comprehensive in the literature. For this reason, the aim of this study is to examine the relationship between current mood state and thermal sensation in gender difference aspect. Therefore, a series of experiments were conducted in a university study hall between August 16th, 2021 and August 1st, 2022. The current mood states of the participants were evaluated with the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire and the results were represented by a novel approach called Emotional Intensity Score (EIS). One tailed t-test was applied for investigating the relationship between the EIS and the thermal sensation. Findings of the research showed that a significant association exists between the EIS and thermal sensation for male participants while no relationship was found for female.
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    Conference Object
    Citation - WoS: 1
    Citation - Scopus: 2
    Hardware-In Assessment of a Fault Tolerant Fuzzy Control Scheme for an Offshore Wind Farm Simulator
    (Elsevier, 2022) Simani, Silvio; Farsoni, Saverio; Turhan, Cihan; Energy Systems Engineering
    To enhance both the safety and the efficiency of offshore wind park systems, faults must be accommodated in their earlier occurrence, in order to avoid costly unplanned maintenance. Therefore, this paper aims at implementing a fault tolerant control strategy by means of a data-driven approach relying on fuzzy logic. In particular, fuzzy modelling is considered here as it enables to approximate unknown nonlinear relations, while managing uncertain measurements and disturbance. On the other hand, the model of the fuzzy controller is directly estimated from the input-output signals acquired from the wind farm system, with fault tolerant capabilities. In general, the use of purely nonlinear relations and analytic methods would require more complex design tools. The design is therefore enhanced by the use of fuzzy model prototypes obtained via a data-driven approach, thus representing the key point if real-time solutions have to implement the proposed fault tolerant control strategy. Finally, a high-fidelity simulator relying on a hardware-in-the-loop tool is exploited to verify and validate the reliability and robustness characteristics of the developed methodology also for on-line and more realistic implementations. Copyright (C) 2022 The Authors.
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    İÇ HAVA SICAKLIĞI VE OPERATİF SICAKLIK BAZLI HVAC SİSTEMLERİNİN ISIL KONFOR VE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ BAKIMINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
    (2020) Turhan, Cihan; Energy Systems Engineering
    Isıtma, Soğutma ve Havandırma (HVAC) sistemlerinin ana amacı kullanıcılar için ısıl konforu sağlamaktır. Geleneksel olarak, HVAC sistemleri ısıl konforu sağlayabilmek için iç hava sıcaklığını sürekli ölçerek set-değerlerini ayarlar. Ancak, bir kabül edilebilir ısıl çevre standardı olan ASHRAE 55, iklimlendirilmiş binalar için operatif sıcaklık kabül aralıklarını kullanmayı önermektedir. Operatif sıcaklığın, iç hava sıcaklığı ve ortalama radyant sıcaklığın bir fonksiyonu olduğu düşünülürse, kullanıcıların nötr ısıl konforunun sağlanması için HVAC sistemlerinin set-değerleri operatif sıcaklığa göre kontrol edilebilir. Bu çalışma, biri operatif sıcaklık ve diğeri iç hava sıcaklığı bazlı aynı özellikteki iki oda bulunan aynı özellikteki iki HVAC sistemini ısıl konfor ve enerji tüketimi bakımından karşılaştırmaktadır. Örnek çalışma olarak, Ankara-Türkiye’de bulunan aynı mimari özelliklerdeki iki ofis odası seçilmiştir. HVAC sistemleri aynı zamanda ve aynı doluluk oranlarında ayrı ayrı operatif sıcaklık ve iç hava sıcaklığı bazlı kontrol edilerek çalıştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, operatif bazlı HVAC sisteminin enerji tüketimini az da olsa arttırdığını fakat daha iyi ısıl konfor sağladığını göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları sadece enerji verimli HVAC sistemleri tasarlamak için değil, daha konforlu ortamlar yaratmak açısından da yol gösterici olacaktır.
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    Master Thesis
    İç Ortamda Ortalama Radyan Sıcaklığını Elde Etmek için Farklı Yöntemlerin Doğruluğunun Karşılaştırılması
    (2021) Özbey, Mehmet Furkan; Turhan, Cihan; Lotfısadıgh, Bahram; Energy Systems Engineering; Mechanical Engineering
    Amerikan Isıtma Soğutma ve Klima Mühendisleri Birliği (ASHRAE), ısıl konforu bir kişinin bulunduğu ortamdaki memnuniyetini ifade eden öznel ve zihinsel değerlendirme ile elde edilen zihin koşulları olarak tanımlanmıştır. Isıl konfor, geleneksel olarak Fanger'in Ortalama Tahmini Oy (PMV) / Memnuniyetsizliklerin Tahmini Yüzdesi (PPD) metodu ve kişilerin davranışlarını da içeren adaptif ısıl konfor metotları ile elde edilmektedir. Isıl konfor parametreleri kişisel parametreler (giysi değeri ve metabolizma hızı) ve çevresel parametreler (hava sıcaklığı, bağıl nem, hava hızı ve ortalama radyan sıcaklığı) olarak üzere iki farklı kategoride ele almaktadır. Bu parametreler arasında, Ortalama Radyan Sıcaklık ölçülmesinin ve hesaplanmasının karmaşık olmasından dolayı elde edilmesi zor bir faktördür. İç ortamlarda ortalama radyan sıcaklığı elde etme yaklaşımları hesaplama yöntemleri, ölçüm yöntemleri ve varsayımlar gibi farklı yöntemlere dayanmaktadır. Ancak hesaplama yöntemlerinin karmaşık olması ve ölçüm yöntemleri için kullanılacak ölçüm aletlerinin pahalı ve elde edilmesi zor araçlar olması araştırmacıları doğruluğu kesin olmayan varsayımlara yönlendirmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmanın amacı ortalama radyan sıcaklığın elde edilme yöntemlerinin ölçüm yöntemlerinden birisi olan ve bu çalışma için üretilen küre termometresini referans alıp diğer metotlar ile karşılaştırılarak tüm yöntemlerin doğruluğunu bulmaktır. Bu çalışmada Köppen- Geiger sınıflandırmasına göre Csb tipi iklim bölgesinde bulunan bir test odası seçilmiştir ve ortalama radyatif sıcaklığı elde etmek için kullanılan 2 farklı hesaplama yöntemi ve 8 farklı varsayım yerinde ölçümle referans metodu ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, ortalama radyan sıcaklığı elde etmek için varsayımların veya hesaplama yöntemlerinin kullanılmasının, referans yönteme kıyasla %9,1'e varan bir hataya neden olduğunu ortaya koydu.
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    Article
    Impact of Green Wall and Roof Applications on Energy Consumption and Thermal Comfort for Climate Resilient Buildings
    (Mdpi, 2025) Turhan, Cihan; Carpino, Cristina; Austin, Miguel Chen; Ozbey, Mehmet Furkan; Akkurt, Gulden Gokcen; Energy Systems Engineering; Mechanical Engineering
    Nowadays, reducing energy consumption and obtaining thermal comfort are significant for making educational buildings more climate resilient, more sustainable, and more comfortable. To achieve these goals, a sustainable passive method is that of applying green walls and roofs that provide extra thermal insulation, evaporative cooling, a shadowing effect, and the blockage of wind on buildings. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of green wall and roof applications on energy consumption and thermal comfort in an educational building. For this purpose, a university building in the Csb climate zone is selected and monitored during one year, as a case study. Then, the case building is modelled in a well-calibrated dynamic building energy simulation tool and twenty-one different plant species, which are mostly used for green walls and roofs, are applied to the envelope of the building in order to determine a reduction in energy consumption and an increase in thermal comfort. The Hedera canariensis gomera (an ivy species) plant is used for green walls due to its aesthetic appeal, versatility, and functional benefits while twenty-one different plants including Ophiopogon japonicus (Mando-Grass), Phyllanthus bourgeoisii (Waterfall Plant), and Phoenix roebelenii (Phoenix Palm) are simulated for the green roof applications. The results show that deploying Hedera canariensis gomera to the walls and Phyllanthus bourgeoisii to the roof could simultaneously reduce the energy consumption by 9.31% and increase thermal comfort by 23.55% in the case building. The authors acknowledge that this study is solely based on simulations due to the high cost of all scenarios, and there are inherent differences between simulated and real-world conditions. Therefore, the future work will be analysing scenarios in real life. Considering the limited studies on the effect of different plant species on energy performance and comfort, this study also contributes to sustainable building design strategies.
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    Citation - WoS: 6
    Citation - Scopus: 5
    The Importance of the Calculation of Angle Factors To Determine the Mean Radiant Temperature in Temperate Climate Zone: a University Office Building Case
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2022) Ozbey, Mehmet Furkan; Turhan, Cihan; Energy Systems Engineering; Mechanical Engineering
    Thermal comfort depends on four environmental (air velocity, relative humidity, air temperature, mean radiant temperature) and two personal (clothing insulation and metabolic rate) parameters. Among all parameters, the mean radiant temperature (t(r)) is the most problematic variable in thermal comfort studies due to its complexity. Measurement methods, calculation methods and assumptions are mostly used to obtain the t(r). Researchers mainly prefer to obtain the t(r) via measurement methods or assumptions due to their easiness compared to the calculation methods. Besides, some researchers use constant values of angle factors in calculation methods. However, using constant values is not proper for every indoor environment, and it causes wrong estimations in the t(r) and thus the thermal comfort. This paper gives the importance of calculation of angle factors, with an example of a university office building in temperate climate zone, according to the ISO 7726. The angle factors of the room were calculated for a seated occupant from the centre of gravity in three different locations and compared with the constant angle factors. The results indicate that a significant difference (MAPE of 1.02) was found in the t(r) values, which were obtained by calculation of constant values of angle factors.
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    Citation - WoS: 21
    Citation - Scopus: 25
    The Influence of Meteorological Parameters on Pm10: a Statistical Analysis of an Urban and Rural Environment in Izmir/Turkiye
    (Mdpi, 2023) Birim, Necmiye Gulin; Turhan, Cihan; Atalay, Ali Serdar; Gokcen Akkurt, Gulden; Energy Systems Engineering
    Air pollution is a substantial menace, especially in industrialized urban zones, which affects the balance of the environment, life of vital organisms and human health. Besides the main causes of air pollution such as dense urbanization, poor quality fuels and vehicle emissions, physical environment characteristics play an important role on air quality. Therefore, it is vital to understand the relationship between the characteristics of the natural environment and air quality. This study examines the correlations between the PM10 pollutant data and meteorological parameters such as temperature (T-air), relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (WS) and direction (WD) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 project. Two different zones (Vilayetler Evi as an urban zone and Sasali Natural Life Park as a rural zone) of Izmir Province in Turkiye are used as a case study and the PM10 data is evaluated between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2021. A one-tailed t-test is used in order to statistically determine the relationships between the PM10 pollutant data and meteorological parameters. As a further study, practical significance of the parameters is investigated via the effect size method and the results show that the RH is found to be the most influencing parameter on the PM10 for both zones, while T-air is found to be statistically non-significant.
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    Master Thesis
    İnsan Vücudu Ekserji Tüketimini Öngörmek için Yapay Sinir Ağlarının Kullanılması
    (2022) Yousıf, Yousıf Layth; Turhan, Cihan; Turhan, Cihan; Turhan, Cihan; Lotfısadıgh, Bahram; Energy Systems Engineering; Energy Systems Engineering
    Amerikan Isıtma, Soğutma ve Ġklimlendirme Mühendisleri Derneği (ASHRAE), termal konforu 'ısıl çevre ile mutluluk veren zihin durumu' olarak tanımlar. Enerji ve Madde bir sistem olarak dağılabilir ve çevreleriyle dengeye doğru hareket edebilir ve buna termodinamikte ekserji denir. Tahmini Ortalama Oy (PMV)/Öngörülen Memnuniyetsizlik Yüzdesi (PPD) modeli ve uyarlanabilir termal konfor yaklaşımı, termal konforu değerlendirmek için en yaygın kullanılan iki yöntemdir. ekserji kavramını termal konforun bir indeksi olarak insan vücudu sistemine uygulayın. Bir kişinin ekserji dengesi ile termal konfor seviyeleri arasındaki ilişki, vücuttan ısı ve suyu etkili bir şekilde dağıtmanın insan refahı için gerekli olmasıdır. Bu nedenle , en düşük insan vücudu ekserji tüketim oranı çoğunlukla optimum termal konfor seviyesini verir.Bu tezde Yapay Zeka tabanlı bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Ekserji ve termal konfor açısından en iyi koşulu elde etmek için, Atılım Üniversitesi'nin Mühendislik Fakültesi binasında içinde bir kiş olan bir odada deneyler yapılmıştır. Ġnsan vücudunun ekserji tüketimi bir bilgisayar programı aracılığıyla çıkarılmakta ve çevresel parametreler objektif sensörler ile ölçülmektedir. Daha sonra Python ortamında bir Yapay Sinir Ağı (YSA) modeli geliştirilmiştir. vi Sinir ağı tekniğinde bir geri yayılım ve sigmoid işlevi kullanılır. YSA modeline toplam 133 veri dahil edilmiş olup, verilerin 75% yani 99 veri seti eğitim ve geri kalanı test için kullanılmıştır. Sağlanan koşullar altında 1,98'lik bir Ortalama Mutlak Yüzdelik Hatası (MAPE) ve 0,91'lik bir doğru tahmin oranı (R2) bulunur ve bu, yapay sinir ağı modeli çıktıları ile insan vücudu ekserji verileri arasında iyi bir koordinasyon olduğunu gösterir. Basitlik, analiz hızı ve kısıtlı veri kümelerinden öğrenme, insan vücudu ekserji simülasyonu üzerindeki bir YSA modelinin avantajı olarak gösterilebilir. Bu tez, insanların ne kadar ekserji oranı tükettiğini (HBExC) belirlemek için bir YSA modeli kullanan yeni bir konsept sunmaktadır. Bunun nedeni, yapay sinir ağlarının (YSA) bina ve termal konfor alanlarında en yaygın olarak kullanılan yapay zeka tekniği olmasıdır. Sonuçta, doğrusal olmayan değişkenlerin etkileşimlerini, özellikle değişkenleri arasında karmaşık doğrusal olmayan ilişkilere sahip olan ekserji kavramını hızlı ve doğru bir şekilde ele alabilirler.
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    Citation - WoS: 12
    Citation - Scopus: 15
    An Integrated Decision-Making Framework for Mitigating the Impact of Urban Heat Islands on Energy Consumption and Thermal Comfort of Residential Buildings
    (Mdpi, 2023) Turhan, Cihan; Atalay, Ali Serdar; Akkurt, Gulden Gokcen; Energy Systems Engineering
    Urban heat island (UHI) is a zone that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural zones as a result of human activities and rapid and dense urbanization. Excessive air temperature due to the UHI phenomenon affects the energy performance of buildings and human health and contributes to global warming. Knowing that most of the building energy is consumed by residential buildings, therefore, developing a framework to mitigate the impact of the UHI on residential building energy performance is vital. This study develops an integrated framework that combines hybrid micro-climate and building energy performance simulations and multi-criteria decision-making techniques. As a case study, an urban area is analyzed under the Urban GreenUP project funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme. Four different strategies to mitigate the UHI effect, including the current situation, changing the low-albedo materials with high-albedo ones, nature-based solutions, and changing building facade materials, are investigated with a micro-climatic simulation tool. Then, the output of the strategies, which is potential air temperature, is used in a dynamic building energy simulation software to obtain energy consumption and thermal comfort data of the residential buildings in the case area. Finally, a multi-criteria decision-making model, using real-life criteria, such as total energy consumption, thermal comfort, capital cost, lifetime and installation flexibility, is used to make a decision for decreasing the UHI effect on residential energy performance of buildings. The results showed that applying NBSs, such as green roofs and changing existing trees with high leaf area density ones, have the highest ranking among all mitigation strategies. The output of this study may help urban planners, architects, and engineers in the decision-making processes during the design phase of urban planning.
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