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Review Citation - Scopus: 7Ion Exchange Membranes for Reverse Electrodialysis (red) Applications - Recent Developments(Amirkabir University of Technology - Membrane Processes Research Laboratory, 2021) Eti,M.; Othman,N.H.; Guler,E.; Kabay,N.The innovative membrane-based technology called reverse electrodialysis (RED) is capable of producing electrical power from the controlled mixing of two aqueous streams of different salinity. There has been tremendous progress so far in the development of RED process in terms of system development, spacer design, membranes properties and operational conditions optimization. Among those, characteristics of the ion exchange membranes are found to be the critical element affecting the performances of RED process. In this respect, a brief overview of the latest developments in ion exchange membranes were presented in this review, focussing on their properties and performances in RED applications. The recent developments of nanocomposite and ion selective membranes, particularly pore filling ion exchange membranes due to their high performances and inexpensive fabrication cost were also summarized. Shortly, fouling problem for the ion exchange membranes employed in the RED system was mentioned. © 2021 Amirkabir University of Technology - Membrane Processes Research Laboratory. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 6Salinity Gradient Energy Conversion by Custom-Made Interpolymer Ion Exchange Membranes Utilized in Reverse Electrodialysis System(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Altiok, Esra; Kaya, Tugce Zeynep; Smolinska-Kempisty, Katarzyna; Guler, Enver; Kabay, Nalan; Tomaszewska, Barbara; Bryjak, MarekReverse electrodialysis (RED) is one of methods to extract salinity gradient energy between two aqueous solu-tions with different salt concentrations. In this work, custom-made interpolymer ion exchange membranes were employed in the RED stack. The effects of divalent (Mg2+, Ca2+ , SO42-) and monovalent (Li+, K+ and Cl-) ions in the feed solutions prepared from NaCl salt as a function of such process parameters as number of membrane pairs, flow rate , salinity ratio on power generation by the RED method were studied. It was shown that the maximum power density of 0.561 W/m2 was reached by using three membrane pairs using 1:45 of salt ratio with a feed flow rate of 120 mL/min using only NaCl salt in the feed solutions. The maximum power density was 0.398 W/m2 at 120 mL/min of the flow rate of the feed solutions composed of 90 wt% NaCl and 10 wt% KCl by using a salt ratio of 1:30 while the lowest power density of 0.246 W/m2 was obtained with a feed flow rate of 30 mL/min in the presence of SO42-ions with a similar salt ratio. Consequently, it was seen that while the presence of divalent ions in NaCl solutions had negative impact on power generation by RED system, the addition of monovalent ions having smaller hydrated radius than that of the Na+ ions contributed positively to the power generation.
