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Review Citation - WoS: 21Citation - Scopus: 35Principles of Reverse Electrodialysis and Development of Integrated-Based System for Power Generation and Water Treatment: a Review(Walter de Gruyter Gmbh, 2022) Othman, Nur Hidayati; Kabay, Nalan; Guler, EnverReverse electrodialysis (RED) is among the evolving membrane-based processes available for energy harvesting by mixing water with different salinities. The chemical potential difference causes the movement of cations and anions in opposite directions that can then be transformed into the electrical current at the electrodes by redox reactions. Although several works have shown the possibilities of achieving high power densities through the RED system, the transformation to the industrial-scale stacks remains a challenge particularly in understanding the correlation between ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) and the operating conditions. This work provides an overview of the RED system including its development and modifications of IEM utilized in the RED system. The effects of modified membranes particularly on the psychochemical properties of the membranes and the effects of numerous operating variables are discussed. The prospects of combining the RED system with other technologies such as reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, membrane distillation, heat engine, microbial fuel cell), and flow battery have been summarized based on open-loop and closed-loop configurations. This review attempts to explain the development and prospect of RED technology for salinity gradient power production and further elucidate the integrated RED system as a promising way to harvest energy while reducing the impact of liquid waste disposal on the environment.Article Citation - WoS: 21Silent Enhancement of Sers Signa Without Increasing Hot Spot Intensities(Walter de Gruyter Gmbh, 2018) Postaci, Selen; Yildiz, Bilge Can; Bek, Alpan; Tasgin, Mehmet EmrePlasmonic nanostructures enhance nonlinear response, such as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), by localizing the incident field into hot spots. The localized hot spot field can be enhanced even further when linear Fano resonances take place in a double resonance scheme. However, hot spot enhancement is limited with the modification of the vibrational modes, the breakdown of the molecule, and the tunneling regime. Here, we present a method which can circumvent these limitations. Our analytical model and solutions of 3D Maxwell equations show that: enhancement due to the localized field can be multiplied by a factor of 10(2)-10(3). Moreover, this can be performed without increasing the hot spot intensity which also avoids the modification of the Raman modes. Unlike linear Fano resonances, here, we create a path interference in the nonlinear response. We demonstrate on a single equation that enhancement takes place due to cancellation of the contributing terms in the denominator of the SERS response. Our method can be implemented on an atomic force microscope tip, decorated (or "contaminated") with appropriate quantum emitters.
