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Book Part Smart Urban Planning(Taylor and Francis, 2017) Huston,S.; Jadevicius,A.; Zafer Sahin,S.Smart urban development recognises the interconnection between urban, social, ecological and economic spheres but also requires a robust governance framework, innovation and institutional learning. Smart urban development involves multidisciplinary collaboration and widespread consultation. Big data and high-tech decision-support systems (DSS) can be part of the solution but not without administrative competency, civic professionalism and policy learning. Strategic plans should balance logistic infrastructure imperatives with ecological and local considerations. Institutionally, traditional planning confronts alternate policy foci. For Healy 'Clashes between conceptual frameworks and legitimising rationales are commonplace'. The rapidly evolving global economy accentuates stakeholder tensions. Urban regeneration quality is multifaceted but considerations include architecture and design merit, density and housing affordability, public realm enhancement, connective infrastructure. Smart development is adaptable and evolves in response to multiple pressures. It operates in a networked, collaborative system of vertical, horizontal and bottom-up local institutions. © 2018 selection and editorial matter, Simon Huston; individual chapters, the contributors.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 1Effectiveness of Social Media Sharing on Tourism Event Choice(Taylor and Francis, 2018) Dedeoğlu,B.B.; Kuçukergin,K.G.[No abstract available]Book Part Unpacking the Black Box: Exploring the Intersection of Trust and Machine Learning(Taylor and Francis, 2024) Asbaş,C.; Sözen,H.C.; Tuzlukaya,Ş.E.Artificial intelligence can be defined as the efforts and methods to provide computers and information and communication technology elements with the competencies of human beings, artificially and virtually, in terms of analyzing, synthesizing, interpreting, inferring, thinking, and evaluating. Unlike previous traditional paradigms, artificial intelligence applications operate adaptively, consisting of various feedback loops during their performance to achieve computations with higher accuracy and success. The process and ability of artificial intelligence to be trained using specific methods with given data is called machine learning. As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly intertwined with human life, the issue of trust in this technology has also come to the forefront. In this chapter, we explore the intersection of trust and machine learning, delving into the details of the factors that contribute to trust in this technology and the potential consequences of a lack of trust. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Joanna Paliszkiewicz and Jerzy Gołuchowski; individual chapters, the contributors.Book Part Exploring Blockchain in Food and Agricultural Supply Chains(Taylor and Francis, 2023) Benli,T.; Erol,I.; Medeni,I˙.T.; Medeni,T.; Khan,M.A.The food and agricultural supply chains (F&ASCs) are made up of the operations and stakeholders involved in food production, processing, storage, trading, distribution, and consumption. It is argued that F&ASCs have various challenges that have a negative impact on supply chain bottom lines. It is also argued that blockchain technology (BcT), one of the disruptive technologies, is a remedy that enables open information sharing on a business network in F&ASCs to address those challenges. BcT helps to ensure real-time business transactions, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of supply chain networks. This chapter aims to provide a general discussion on how BcT can be used in the context of F&ASCs by drawing attention to the issues addressed by the most recent studies in the literature. To this end, the challenges to the traditional F&ASCs and how BcT responds to these challenges are discussed first. Then, the methods used in these studies are also clustered. Finally, future research opportunities are provided. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Irem Onder and Fulya Acikgoz; individual chapters, the contributors.Book Part Religion, Education, and the Turkish Constitution: a Critical Assessment(Taylor and Francis, 2016) Köker,L.[No abstract available]Book Citation - Scopus: 8Minority Rights in Turkey: a Battlefield for Europeanization(Taylor and Francis, 2017) Yilmaz,G.The issue of minority rights is highly contested in both member and candidate states of the European Union. Compared with other policy areas, the Europeanization process in minority rights is much slower and more problematic. Turkey, though, differs from the majority of the member states by showing positive development, although admittedly it is still characterised by both accelerations and slowdowns. This book examines how minority protection, as a highly sensitive and controversial issue, is promoted or constrained in the EU’s neighbourhood, by focusing on the case of Turkey. It draws on current external Europeanization theories and suggests a rationalist model comprising both the role of the EU and also domestic factors. It integrates two models of external Europeanization provided by Schimmelfennig and Sedelmier (2005), i.e. the external incentives and lesson-drawing models, and the framework of the pull-and-push model of member state Europeanization by Börzel (2000), to derive a comprehensive model for external Europeanization. The book argues that the push by EU conditionality and the pull by domestic dissatisfaction are influential in promoting change. Without one or the other, domestic change remains incomplete, as it is either shallow or selective. Focusing on the Turkish case, the book enhances the theoretical understanding of external Europeanization by shifting focus away from EU conditionality to voluntarily driven change, and by providing a theoretical model that is applicable to other countries. It will therefore be a valuable resource for students and scholars studying minority rights and Turkish and European ethnic politics. © 2017 Gözde Yilmaz.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 1Media and Democracy in Turkey: an Analysis on the News Media Framing of Gezi Park Protests(Taylor and Francis, 2016) Sayin,Ç.; Toros,E.Introduction Freedom of the press is typically considered crucial in fostering democracy and protecting the public interest; thus, it constitutes an indispensable measure for the quality of democracy and may be considered a hallmark of a consolidated democracy. Merkel’s (2004) notion of embedded democracy postulates press freedom as a critical aspect of political rights, which is one of the five partial regimes that support the proper functioning of an embedded liberal democracy. Those rights render the public sphere an independent field of political action in which communicative and organizational power is developed. Accordingly, a free press is a vital component of political communication and political parti-cipation through the distribution and reception of information; political social-ization of the public; the influencing of electoral decisions; and giving voice to interest groups. Within a liberal democratic framework the media’s democratic functions are idealized through two major expectations. First, the media should sustain the presence of multiple political voices (plurality). Second, it should impart information enabling the public to hold elected and appointed officials respons-ible for their actions (accountability). For example, both Walter Lippman and John Dewey (cited in Champlin and Knoedler 2006) attributed a considerable role to the media in a democracy. The former considered the media as an elite group that should evaluate the policies of government and convey information to the public regarding ongoing key debates. The latter viewed the media as a necessary instrument of democracy which should “figure out how to engage the entire public in decisions that would affect them in the end” (quoted in Fallows 1997: 237). However, it is difficult to argue that media discourse regularly meets these expectations, even in a consolidated democracy. The media do not always produce news that serves to enhance democracy due to issues such as patronage networks, distorted relationships between journalists and politicians, concentra-tion of media ownership, partisanship, and explicit political/ideological bias of media institutions. Indeed, rather than encouraging active citizenship and demo-cratic participation, the media generally function in a manner that promotes apathy, pessimism, conflict, and societal polarization. In Gamson et al.‘s (1992: 373) words, “all the trends seem to be in the wrong direction - toward more and more messages, from fewer and bigger producers, saying less and less. That’s the bad news.” Thus, far from the idea of objectivity, the media represent a realm of struggle in which the dominant powers compete and defend what they would prefer to have taken for granted by society. In other words, since media fol-lowers construct meanings about social and political issues via media-generated images of the world, media discourse is highly oriented toward finding support for competing constructions of reality. Within this framework, one may argue that the Turkish media are no excep-tion. Our main argument underpins the fact that, in the sense of plurality, media-generated frames may be compatible with democratic norms, and thus they may contribute to the consolidation of democracy and enhance democratic sensitivity. Yet, the very same frames may be utilized in an anti-democratic tonality, which would undermine the consolidation of democracy in any given context. What we mean by tonality is the construction of a frame. It connotes the underlying polit-ical and cultural fundamentals of a specific frame in terms of constructing and presenting the reality. We argue that the mere presence of variety in the sources of information and in the range of media content (e.g., multiple frames) cannot be interpreted as a sure sign of democracy or democratic consolidation. It is the nature of those voices (their tonality) that renders them democratic or antidemocratic. In this study, we will focus on the contents of the headline news reports of six newspapers during the Gezi Park protests in Turkey, which was a crucial social movement that generated competing news frames. The protests, which occurred between May and August, 2013, originated from a campaign against the destruc-tion of Gezi Park as part of the redevelopment of the Taksim area in Istanbul. On May 30, 2013 police intervened in a peaceful demonstration held by environ-mentalists in Gezi Park. The offensive response of the authorities touched a nerve and within a couple of days the protests spanned almost all provinces of Turkey. The cause of this great anger was not just the destruction of a park. It was also a reaction against the government’s increasingly authoritarian and exclusive attitude, suppressive tactics against opposition, and its unwillingness to respect different lifestyles. During the protests, the authorities provoked the anger by repeatedly showing intolerance of any form of protest. Regretfully, the mainstream national media, which had already been controlled by the govern-ment, exhibited self-censorship and conveyed little of the protests at the very beginning of the events. This directed people mostly to social media in order to communicate and learn about the events. In conducting this analysis, the headline news covered during that period will be coded in two ways. The first coding, following Toros (2012), will analyze the level of plurality within the Turkish media by employing the categories of pre-defined frames by Neuman et al. (1992) and Semetko and Valkenburg (2000), namely responsibility, human interest, conflict, morality, and economic frames. The second coding will focus on the tonality of those frames in terms of their compatibility with the norms of a liberal pluralistic democracy such as tolerance, equality, rule of law, justice, acceptance of cultural diversity, giving voice to multiple actors, respect for other lifestyles, opinions, and fundamental freedoms. © 2016 selection and editorial material, Cengiz Erisen and Paul Kubicek; individual chapters, the contributors.Book Part Religion, Education, and the Turkish Constitution: a Critical Assessment(Taylor and Francis, 2016) Köker,L.[No abstract available]Book Part Citation - Scopus: 1Promoting the Slow City Concept as a Sustainability Strategy: the Seferihisar Case(Taylor and Francis, 2019) Güzel Şahin,G.; Şahin, Neriman Gonca Güzel; Şahin, Neriman Gonca Güzel; Tourism Management; Tourism ManagementPromoting a destination becomes more important due to destination competition in the tourism sector. All destinations need to establish new concepts and strategies to present and sell their services. Small towns adopting the Slow City model for local development and tourism improvement differentiate themselves from other destinations with their authentic local identities, their hospitalities and their cultural differences. The network members both take advantage of the recognition of the Slow City brand known globally, guaranteeing that they will comply with the terms and conditions of the network and obtain the opportunity to access vast knowledge of other cities within the network. Slow Cities should develop their own marketing strategies as a new and unique product. Different marketing approaches in sustainable development strategies according to market trends and changing customer preferences need to be created for Slow Cities. Local inhabitants, local administrations and tourism institutions should support creative marketing facilities to develop brand management and competitive marketing strategies of Slow Cities. New destinations should be presented in the tourism market to contribute the future of sustainable tourism in Turkey. The Slow City is a new concept for Turkey’s tourism market and understanding, and implementing this important concept will contribute to marketing of candidate cities in the future. This chapter examines the Slow City movement, along with its history and organization, and presents the case of Seferihisar, which became the first Slow City of Turkey in 2009. As a Slow City member, Seferihisar has been evaluated for how to use destination marketing, destination development and sustainable tourism. The evaluations reveal how such a model focuses on market segmentation, marketing mix, branding the destination, image of destination, positioning and marketing communication strategies of Slow Cities. © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Ipek Kalemci Tüzün, Mehmet Ergül and Colin Johnson; individual chapters, the contributors.Book Part Making a Sense of Place for Safranbolu World Heritage Site: an Analysis of Safranbolu: Reflections of Time(Taylor and Francis, 2020) Tataroglu,E.The official heritage discourse of Safranbolu, one of the first UNESCO designated World Heritage Sites, emerged at a time when traditional social structures were breaking down and the city tried to re-make itself according to modern social and economic structures. A documentary produced at the time of this process is quite remarkable in terms of its influence of understanding of heritage and identity. Produced as a constitutive and persuasive source of power, Safranbolu: Reflections of Time developed a language of heritage, place, and identity to mobilise individuals to practice heritage conservation. The documentary is therefore regarded as a ‘fabric’ of identity, signifying how meanings of place and people are crafted and constructed. In this chapter, sense of place is considered as an interpretative process dependent on meaning making through linguistic practices. In undertaking a discourse analysis of the text it was emphasised that the official heritage discourse that the documentary built could be described as ‘cultural conservatism’ and that it developed in the direction of sublimating tradition and depicting modernity as a painful experience. © 2021 selection and editorial matter, C. Michael Hall and Siamak Seyfi.
