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Book Part Citation - WoS: 28Developmental Patterns in Internal Modification of Requests a Quantitative Study on Turkish Learners of English(John Benjamins B V Publ, 2012) Goy, Elif; Zeyrek, Deniz; Otcu, BaharThe present cross-sectional study investigates the development of internal request modification of Turkish learners of English. The data were collected through role-play performances of participants from two different English proficiency levels in four situations and compared against native speakers of American English. The situations varied in terms of power, social distance and imposition. By statistical means, it was shown that beginner learners underused syntactic and lexical/phrasal downgraders (except please) and higher proficiency learners showed a slow development in their employment of both subtypes. No clear correspondence between social factors and the use of internal modifiers was found. The results suggested weak attentional control over pragmatic knowledge. It is concluded that the reason for slow pragmatic development must be multicausal.Book Part Reading To Learn Developing Advanced Reading Skills in Traditional and Digital Environments(John Benjamins B V Publ, 2018) Baturay, Meltem Huri; Toker, Sacip; Sendag, Serkan; Akbulut, YavuzRapid advances in digital technologies are transforming patterns of learning to read, as well as 'reading to learn'. The latter refers to the process of reading in the service of learning, in school and beyond, and is a major purpose for reading beyond the earliest school years. When reading to learn, contemporary e-learning trends either promote the supplementary use of ICT in face-to-face settings or the use of such environments for comprehensive delivery of learning materials. Such changes make it imperative to understand the basic elements of reading in digital environments to support learning. In this chapter we first introduce the basic elements that can be used to build an effective digital reading environment to improve learning. The chapter then considers the instructional design principles that best promote learning through digital reading and explores the impact of digital interfaces on traditional reading-to-learn strategies.
