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Article Regional Organizations and Conflict Management in Africa: the Case of the African Union and Conflict Management in Kenya(Hale Sivgin, 2008) Uchehara, Kieran E.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of the AU's conflict management in Kenya. Even though it has attempted to mediate, its impact on the crisis was not profound, as it has paid less attention to the questions of crisis management and dialog. The paper argues that the AU appears reluctant to intervene in the crisis. It recommends that the AU would be a more effective conflict manager if it were institutionalized, if it had members with homogenous preferences, and if it had more democratic members. Institutionalized and homogenous organizations are better suited for effective conflict management, while democratic organizations support lasting settlements in favor of the issue's status quo. It concludes that the AU's reluctance to intervene in Kenya is partly due to mistrust between its member states as most of the African leaders came to power through the rigging of elections.Article Citation - WoS: 3Continuity and Change in Turkish Foreign Policy Toward Africa(Hale Sivgin, 2008) Uchehara, Kieran E.This article aims to give an overview of Turkey's improving relations with African countries. It indicates that Turkey's international relations concentrate more on her relations with the European Union, Caucasians, Balkans, the Middle East and USA. Turkey's opening up to Africa today, is a new development in her international relations. However, such relations had existed during the times of the Ottoman empire, especially with north Africa. Turkish academics, universities and media have not yet grasped the importance of Africa in the academic sense and as such none of them has a center on African research. Likewise, the African academics, universities and media. Other than communications between Turkey and African countries and related institutions on the subject matter, it is not possible to talk about significant serious data on Turkey-Africa relations. The relations between Turkey and Africa were on each individual African country's basis. However, with the recent development in the world today known as "globalization", Turkey is trying to improve her political and economic relations with the entire African continent and with the recent development, we have seen that there are high level visits between Turkey and African conutries. Trade relations between Turkey and African countries are in progress.Article An Example of the Implementation of the Principle of Peace in Turkish Foreign Policy During the Ataturk Period: the Case of the Spanish Civil War(Hale Sivgin, 2022) Birlik, Gultekin K.Although many European countries took sides during the Spanish Civil War, Thrkey adopted the policy of "non-intervention". In this context, Turkey forbid selling weapons to the parties in the Civil War and the Turkish civilains to join the war. Although Turkey was negatively affected by the Civil War particularly in terms of domestic andforeign politics, she demanded that the Civil War should be settled down through peaceful ways in accordance with her policy orpeace at home peace in the world". Although the Civil War progressed against the Republicans, Turkey officially recognised the elected government of The Republicans during the Civil War. Only after the Civil War ended and it was recognised internationally, Turkey recognised the Nationalist government and sent diplomatic representative, which was a mutual act. As part of this policy, Turkey was closely concerned with the humanitarian side of the Civil War. In case of the most serious issue of the Civil War, that is the refugees, she decided to solve the problem of the Spanish Nationalist refugees in Madrid that took refuge in Turkey in line with her political tradition and took steps in the direction of bringing them to Turkey in 1937. In 1938, when the Republican Government interfered with the Spanish Nationalist Refugees that took refuge in Turkey, she showed numerous reactions. Although Turkey o f ficially recognised the elected Republican Government, during the Civil War, when needed, she offered humanitarian help to both the Nationalist and the Republican sides. Although the Thrkish media supported both sides, in line with Turkish foreign policy, it defended the idea that the Spanish domestic affairs should not be interfered with, the process of solution should be left to the Spanish people themselves and the problem should be solved peacefully.
