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Article Citation - WoS: 75Citation - Scopus: 93Co-Fais: Cooperative Fuzzy Artificial Immune System for Detecting Intrusion in Wireless Sensor Networks(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2014) Shamshirband, Shahaboddin; Anuar, Nor Badrul; Kiah, Miss Laiha Mat; Rohani, Vala Ali; Petkovic, Dalibor; Misra, Sanjay; Khan, Abdul NasirDue to the distributed nature of Denial-of-Service attacks, it is tremendously challenging to identify such malicious behavior using traditional intrusion detection systems in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In the current paper, a bio-inspired method is introduced, namely the cooperative-based fuzzy artificial immune system (Co-FATS). It is a modular-based defense strategy derived from the danger theory of the human immune system. The agents synchronize and work with one another to calculate the abnormality of sensor behavior in terms of context antigen value (CAV) or attackers and update the fuzzy activation threshold for security response. In such a multi-node circumstance, the sniffer module adapts to the sink node to audit data by analyzing the packet components and sending the log file to the next layer. The fuzzy misuse detector module (FMDM) integrates with a danger detector module to identify the sources of danger signals. The infected sources are transmitted to the fuzzy Q-learning vaccination modules (FQVM) in order for particular, required action to enhance system abilities. The Cooperative Decision Making Modules (Co-DMM) incorporates danger detector module with the fuzzy Q-learning vaccination module to produce optimum defense strategies. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) was simulated using a network simulator. The model was subsequently compared against other existing soft computing methods, such as fuzzy logic controller (FLC), artificial immune system (AIS), and fuzzy Q-learning (FQL), in terms of detection accuracy, counter-defense, network lifetime and energy consumption, to demonstrate its efficiency and viability. The proposed method improves detection accuracy and successful defense rate performance against attacks compared to conventional empirical methods. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 11Exploring Staircases as Architectural Cues in Virtual Vertical Navigation(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Memikoglu, Ipek; Demirkan, HalimeArchitectural design requires experiencing the spatial organization of a building, discovering architectural cues and maintaining spatial orientation during navigation. Architects configure architectural cues in the initial phase of the design process. Staircases, as a feature of local architectural cues that provide access to the other floors in a multi-level building, can have an impact on vertical navigation and aid individuals during navigation and influence their spatial orientation. This study focuses on the issue of vertical navigation during virtual navigation by integrating the individual differences and the geometric attributes of a staircase pair within two different multi-level desktop virtual environments (VEs). The angle between the cue pairs with respect to the same observation point is altered in order to determine the staircase pair that is more efficient in navigation. Virtual vertical navigation is based on an egocentric frame of reference where the participants have control of their movements. Circulation paths, gender differences, navigational abilities and cue pairs are the factors that affect staircase preferences for ascending and descending. For the VE with a 180 degrees difference between the cue pairs, a relationship was found between the ascending and descending staircases. Further analysis indicated that the staircase preference in ascending was either related to the first or last visited rooms on the ground floor. For the VE with a 90 degrees difference between the cue pairs, no relationship was found between the ascending and descending staircases as well as with any other factor. There was only a significant relationship between gender and staircase preference in descending staircases with 180 degrees difference between the cue pairs in favor of females. In addition, there was no significant relationship between the navigational abilities and staircase preferences.Article Citation - WoS: 39Citation - Scopus: 40Dynamic Analysis of Linear Viscoelastic Cylindrical and Conical Helicoidal Rods Using the Mixed Fem(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2014) Eratli, Nihal; Argeso, Hakan; Calim, Faruk F.; Temel, Beytullah; Omurtag, Mehmet H.The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the rotary inertia on dynamic behavior of linear viscoelastic cylindrical and conical helixes by means of the Laplace transform-mixed finite element formulation and solution. The element matrix is based on the Timoshenko beam theory. The influence of rotary inertias is considered in the dynamic analysis, which is original in the literature. Rectangular, sine and step type of impulsive loads are applied on helices having rectangular cross-sections with various aspect ratios. The Kelvin and standard models are used for defining the linear viscoelastic material behavior; and by means of the correspondence principle (the elastic-viscoelastic analogy), the material parameters are replaced with their complex counterparts in the Laplace domain. The analysis is carried out in the Laplace domain and the results are transformed back to time space numerically by modified Durbin's algorithm. First, the solution algorithm is verified using the existing open sources in the literature and afterwards some benchmark examples such as conical viscoelastic rods are handled. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 15Citation - Scopus: 18Psychometric Properties of the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (heas-13) and the Prediction of Pro-Environmental Behavior(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Turkarslan, Kutlu Kagan; Kozak, Ekin Doga; Yildirim, Juelide CerenObjectives: Eco-anxiety, a novel conceptualization of anxiety in relation to ecological problems, has become a significant subject of interest in psychology. The Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS-13) is a recently developed, valid, and reliable measure of eco-anxiety. The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the HEAS-13 in Turkish-speaking samples. Methods: 605 individuals, recruited via social media and the internet, participated in the study. The sample was randomly split in half (first sample, 69.00% and second sample, 70.90% females), and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on separate samples. The concurrent and incremental validities were evaluated in the total sample. The three-week test-retest reliability of the HEAS-13 was assessed in a third separate sample (83.13% females). Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses found and validated a four-factor structure with 13 items. The associations of HEAS-13 with concurrent measures indicated that the scale had good concurrent validity. The anxiety and behavioral symptoms subscales of the HEAS-13 explained the additional variance (6.60%) in proenvironmental behavior beyond activist identity and commitment. Finally, the HEAS-13 and its subscales had good internal consistency coefficients, ranging from 0.82 to 0.93. and mediocre three-week intra-class correlations, ranging from 0.47 to 0.56. Conclusion: The Turkish HEAS-13 was a valid and reliable measure of eco-anxiety that can be used to assess anxiety about ecological problems. Moreover, optimizing levels of anxiety symptoms, alleviating behavioral symptoms, and enhancing individuals' activist identity and commitment may be targets for interventions aiming to increase pro-environmental behaviors.
