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Article Citation - WoS: 1Retrospective Evaluation of Potential Rabies Exposure Cases Over Nine Years: Single-Center Experience(Bilimsel Tip Yayinevi, 2024) Demircan, Serife Altun; Kilic, Esra Kaya; Tulek, Necla; Kinikli, Sami; Bulut, CemalIntroduction: T & uuml;rkiye is the only European country where suspected rabies exposure from animal contact is a significant public health concern. In this study, we evaluate cases investigated in our vaccination center, where individuals with suspected rabies exposure have been seeking consultation for many years. The evaluation encompasses demographic characteristics, distribution by years and seasons, the type of animal involved in the contact, the prevalence of stray animals, and the rabies vaccination status of owned animals. Materials and Methods: The study involves cases reported to the Public Health Center from those who sought consultation at our center between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2019. Demographic characteristics, distribution by years and seasons, the type of animal involved in the contact, the prevalence of stray animals, and the rabies vaccination status of owned animals were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Over the nine years, there were a total of 39.731 cases, resulting in an average of 4414 cases per year. Of these cases, 61% were male, and 68.83% were between the ages of 15 and 64. The most cases occurred in summer and autumn. Of the suspected rabies contacts, 69% involved dogs, and 83.4% of these dogs were unowned. Forty-one point eight percent of the owned dogs were vaccinated. Eighty-nine point six percent of the cats were unowned, and the rate of vaccination among the owned cats was 28.2%. Over the years, there has been a decrease in the use of the 10 -day observation approach, while an increase in the administration of rabies vaccine and/or immunoglobulin has been observed. Conclusion: Seventy percent of all risky rabies contacts involve dogs, with a high rate of 84% of these dogs being unowned. To mitigate contact involving the risk of rabies, addressing the uncontrolled reproduction of stray animals, particularly dogs, and ensuring control and vaccination of the existing animal population appear to be primary measures. Improving the vaccination rate of owned animals, currently at only 30-40%, can prevent people from encountering risky rabies contacts, thereby potentially reducing the need for rabies prophylaxis significantly.Review Hepatit B İnfeksiyonlarının İmmünopatogenezi(Bilimsel Tip Yayinevi, 2019) Tülek, NeclaHepatit B infeksiyonları tüm dünyada majör sağlık problemleri arasında olup, siroz ve hepatoselüler karsinomanın en önemli nedenidir.Tedavide gelişmelere rağmen henüz kronik hepatit B infeksiyonunda kür sağlanamamaktadır. Hepatit B infeksiyonlarında klinik sonuçinfeksiyonun alınma yaşı, viral yük ve konağın immün yanıtına bağlıdır. Akut hepatitlerde klinik seyir subklinik hastalıktan, anikterikhepatite, ikterik hepatite ve fulminant hepatite kadar değişebilirken, kronik hepatitlerde hastalığın seyri asemptomatik inaktif durumdankronik hepatite, siroz ve hepatoselüler karsinomaya kadar değişebilir. Hepatit B virüsü hepatositlerde sitopatik olmayarak çoğalır veklinik sendromların çoğu immün yanıt ile ilişkilidir. İmmün sistem aktivasyonu virüsün eliminasyonunu sağladığı gibi karaciğer hasarınada neden olur. Hepatit B patogenezinde hücresel immün yanıt özellikle de CD8+ T hücreler santral olmasına rağmen immün sistemindiğer komponentleri de katkıda bulunur. Kronik hepatitli hastalarda hem doğal hem de adaptif immün yanıt zayıflamış ve T hücreyanıtı tükenmiş durumdadır. İmmünopatolojideki mekanizmaların daha iyi anlaşılması, yeni etkin tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesindeyararlı olacaktır.Article Identification of Bacterial Vaginal Microbiota Via Metagenomic Approach(Galenos Publ House, 2022) Ucak, Samet; Sudagidan, Mert; Yurt, Mediha Nur Zafer; Tasbasi, Behiye Busra; Acar, Elif Esma; Tuna, Bilge Guvenc; Ozalp, Veli Cengiz; Ozalp, Cengiz; Dogan, SonerAim: The aim of the current study was to identify vaginal bacterial microbiota of 38 Turkish women using the high -throughput next -generation sequencing and metagenomic approach at different taxonomic levels from the kingdom to the species level. Materials and Methods: Vaginal swab samples (n=38) were collected in the DNA/RNA shield collection tubes at Yeditepe University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in June 2021 and DNA extraction was performed by ZymoBIOMICS DNA miniprep kit. The information related to age, marital status, preliminary diagnosis and anamnesis status of patients were collected. To determine the vaginal microbiota, a metagenomic approach was applied using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results: The dominant phylum Firmicutes was followed by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes, Fusobacteria, and Synergistetes in the vaginal samples. Lactobacillus was the most abundant genus followed by Prevotella, Enterobacter, Gardnerella, and Dialister. Lactobacillus iners was dominant at the species level in vaginal swab samples, followed by Gardnerella vaginalis, Enterobacter tabaci, Prevotella timonensis, Prevotella bivia, and Lactobacillus jensenii. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria were mainly related to married/single variable with the highest percentages, whereas Actinobacteria and Tenericutes were related to age variable at the phylum level. Campylobacter , Atopobium , Enterobacter , and Lactococcus were mainly found in married/single variable with the highest percentages, whereas Anaerococcus, Streptococcus, Sutterella , and Veillonella were related to age. Moreover, CCA showed that Campylobacter ureolyticus, Lb. jensenii , and Atopobium vaginae were associated with married/single variable, whereas Lactobacillus johnsonii and G. vaginalis were found in age variable with the highest percentages at the species level. Conclusion: Vaginal diseases are still a major public health concern. The vaginal microbiota, which has been studied in more depth in recent years, has been discovered to be more complicated than previously imagined thanks to technological developments. More patient investigations are needed to confirm and develop these findings.
