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Article Citation - WoS: 36Citation - Scopus: 58A Suite of Object Oriented Cognitive Complexity Metrics(Ieee-inst Electrical Electronics Engineers inc, 2018) Misra, Sanjay; Adewumi, Adewole; Fernandez-Sanz, Luis; Damasevicius, RobertasObject orientation has gained a wide adoption in the software development community. To this end, different metrics that can be utilized in measuring and improving the quality of object-oriented (OO) software have been proposed, by providing insight into the maintainability and reliability of the system. Some of these software metrics are based on cognitive weight and are referred to as cognitive complexity metrics. It is our objective in this paper to present a suite of cognitive complexity metrics that can be used to evaluate OO software projects. The present suite of metrics includes method complexity, message complexity, attribute complexity, weighted class complexity, and code complexity. The metrics suite was evaluated theoretically using measurement theory and Weyuker's properties, practically using Kaner's framework and empirically using thirty projects.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 5Object-Oriented Inheritance Metrics in the Context of Cognitive Complexity(Ios Press, 2011) Mishra, Deepti; Mishra, AlokIt is important to identify modules that are fault prone or exhibit evidence of high cognitive complexity as these modules require corrective actions such as increased source code inspection, refactoring or performing more exhaustive testing. This can lead to a better quality software system. It has been found that inheritance has an impact on the cognitive complexity of a software system. In this paper, two inheritance metrics based on cognitive complexity, one at class level CCI (Class Complexity due to Inheritance) and another at program level ACI (Average Complexity of a program due to Inheritance), have been proposed for object-oriented software systems. Additionally, one more metric MC (Method Complexity) has been proposed to calculate the complexity of a method. These proposed metrics are compared with some well known object-oriented inheritance metrics by calculating their values for three random C++ programs. It has been observed that CCI and ACT are better to represent cognitive complexity due to inheritance than other well known class level and program level inheritance metrics.Article On the Moment-Determinacy of Power Lindley Distribution and Some Applications To Software Metrics(Acad Brasileira de Ciencias, 2021) Khalleefah, Mohammed; Ostrovska, Sofiya; Turan, MehmetThe Lindley distribution and its numerous generalizations are widely used in statistical and engineering practice. Recently, a power transformation of Lindley distribution, called the power Lindley distribution, has been introduced by M. E. Ghitany et at who initiated the investigation of its properties and possible applications. In this article, new results on the power Lindley distribution are presented. The focus of this work is on the moment-(in)determinacy of the distribution for various values of the parameters. Afterwards, certain applications are provided to describe data sets of software metrics.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 1Ace-Pe: an Automated Code Evaluation Software Tool for Programming Education(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Alper,B.; Nazlioglu,S.; Kilic,H.An automated code evaluation tool that combines the usage of software quality metrics and object-oriented programming teaching subjects is designed and developed. The tool (called ACE-PE) gives flexibility to instructors to assess student assignments at the level of precision of specific subjects which reveals the degree of student's understanding of covered subjects, and to observe his/her own effort, as well. Provision of content-aware automated fast feedback to students to improve quality of their products and development efforts is another outcome of the proposed solution. © 2023 IEEE.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 26A Suite of Cognitive Complexity Metrics(2012) Misra,S.; Koyuncu,M.; Crasso,M.; Mateos,C.; Zunino,A.In this paper, we propose a suite of cognitive metrics for evaluating complexity of object-oriented (OO) codes. The proposed metric suite evaluates several important features of OO languages. Specifically, the proposed metrics are to measure method complexity, message complexity (coupling), attributes complexity and class complexity. We propose also a code complexity by considering the complexity due to inheritance for the whole system. All these proposed metrics (except attribute complexity) use the cognitive aspect of the code in terms of cognitive weight. All the metrics have critically examined through theoretical and empirical validation processes. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 8New Inheritance Complexity Metrics for Object-Oriented Software Systems: an Evaluation With Weyuker's Properties(Slovak Acad Sciences inst informatics, 2011) Mishra, Deepti; Computer EngineeringTwo inheritance complexity metrics, one at class level CCI (Class Complexity due to Inheritance) and another at program level ACT (Average Complexity of a program due to Inheritance), have been proposed for object-oriented software systems. These proposed metrics are evaluated with Weyuker's properties and compared with other well known object-oriented inheritance metrics. It has been found that the proposed metrics better represent the complexity, due to inheritance, of a class and a program. Weyuker's property 7 (Significance of Permutation) has received a negative response regarding its applicability to object-oriented software metrics. It has been observed that this property is not satisfied by any of the object-oriented inheritance metrics proposed so far. Contrary to past beliefs, the relevance of this property to object-oriented systems has been brought out in this paper. Examples with C++ code are also presented to support the applicability of this property.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 14Citation - Scopus: 21Cognitive Program Complexity Measure(Ieee Computer Soc, 2007) Misra, SanjayIn cognitive informatics, the functional complexity of software depends on three factors: internal architecture, input, and output. In the earlier proposed metrics based on cognitive informatics, these above factors are not fully considered. This paper proposes an improved cognitive complexity measure. Accordingly, new formula is developed to calculate the cognitive complexity. An attempt has also been made to evaluate and validate the proposed measure through Weyuker's properties and a practical framework It has been found that seven of nine Weyuker's properties have been satisfied by the proposed cognitive complexity measure. It also satisfies most of the parameters required by the practical framework hence establishes as a well-structured one. Finally, a comparative study with similar measures has been made to prove its robustness.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 12Estimating Quality of Javascript(Zarka Private Univ, 2012) Misra, Sanjay; Cafer, Ferid; Computer EngineeringThis paper proposes a complexity metric for Java script since JavaScript is the most popular scripting language that can run in all of the major web browsers. The proposed metric "JavaScript Cognitive Complexity Measure (JCCM)" is intended to assess the design quality of scripts. The metrics has been evaluated theoretically and validated empirically through real test cases. The metric has also been compared with other similar metrics. The theoretical, empirical validation and comparative study prove the worth and robustness of the metric.Article Citation - WoS: 32Citation - Scopus: 46Weighted Class Complexity: a Measure of Complexity for Object Oriented System(inst information Science, 2008) Misra, Sanjay; Akman, K. Ibrahim; Computer EngineeringSoftware complexity metrics are used to predict critical information about reliability and maintainability of software systems. Object oriented software development requires a different approach to software complexity metrics. In this paper, we propose a metric to compute the structural and cognitive complexity of class by associating a weight to the class, called as Weighted Class Complexity (WCC). On the contrary, of the other metrics used for object oriented systems, proposed metric calculates the complexity of a class due to methods and attributes in terms of cognitive weight. The proposed metric has been demonstrated with 00 examples. The theoretical and practical evaluations based on the information theory have shown that the proposed metric is on ratio scale and satisfies most of the parameters required by the measurement theory.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 16An Approach for the Empirical Validation of Software Complexity Measures(Budapest Tech, 2011) Misra, Sanjay; Computer EngineeringSoftware metrics are widely accepted tools to control and assure software quality. A large number of software metrics with a variety of content can be found in the literature; however most of them are not adopted in industry as they are seen as irrelevant to needs, as they are unsupported, and the major reason behind this is due to improper empirical validation. This paper tries to identify possible root causes for the improper empirical validation of the software metrics. A practical model for the empirical validation of software metrics is proposed along with root causes. The model is validated by applying it to recently proposed and well known metrics.
