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Article Besir Fuad's voltaire: Liberating the Individual(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Muhurcuoglu, KorhanBesir Fuad (1852?-1887) is an obscure figure among late nineteenth century Ottoman intellectuals known for his materialistic views which were unprecedented under the Hamidian regime (1876-1909) and who shocked his contemporaries by committing suicide at an early age, leaving a note and a letter containing his last impressions and world view. Just months before his suicide, Besir Fuad published a Voltaire biography in which he commemorates him as an Enlightenment ideal to be emulated in humankind's struggle against religious intolerance. In this article, Besir Fuad's Voltaire (1886) is examined, arguing that the monograph was, though in an embryonic form, an early expression and defence of individual liberty, based on a materialistic world view that aims at demystification of the prevailing customs and morals as irrational and superstitious absurdities to pave the way for a future society in which the individual would be in liberty.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 3Intensive Parenting of Mothers in 11 Countries Differing in Individualism, Income Inequality, and Social Mobility(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Lubiewska, Katarzyna; Zeglen, Marta; Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi; Park, Joonha; Runge, Ronja; Muller, Jacomien; van der Kaap-deeder, JoleneAlthough intensive parenting has been found to be mostly detrimental for both children and parents, less is known about the correlates and sources of this type of parenting. This study aimed to examine associations between mother's primary involvement in caregiving and intensive parenting, as well as their potential sources, thereby focusing on: family social status, characteristics of the national economy (income inequality and social mobility) and culture (individualism-collectivism) in 11 culturally diverse countries. Participants were 2535 mothers of children aged between 6 and 10. Mothers reported on their intensive parenting behaviors, entailing both supportive and undermining aspects of meeting their child's needs, as well as their level of involvement in daily caregiving tasks and the subjective family social status. Hypotheses were tested controlling for country level response style. Results revealed that: mothers who were more often the primary caregiver across daily tasks used more intensive parenting behaviors; high social status mothers were using less child need undermining yet more supportive intensive parenting behaviors, and less frequently served as the primary caregiver for daily tasks; the undermining intensive parenting behaviors related positively to country-level individualism and income inequality, whereas relations with social mobility were mixed.
