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Article Baby Steps of Parenting: Turkish Adaptation of Infancy Parenting Styles Questionnaire and Mother- and Infant-Related Characteristics Affecting Parenting in Infancy(Wiley, 2025) Bahtiyar-Saygan, BaharThe crucial importance of parenting for human development is well known, yet there has been little investigation, particularly regarding infancy parenting. This study investigates mother- and infant-related characteristics affecting parenting styles in the first year after birth. Additionally, adapting an Infancy Parenting Styles Questionnaire (IPSQ) to Turkish is aimed. In total, 110 mothers with babies in the first year of their lives (M age in months = 6.39, SDage in months = 3.72; 70 girls) participated in the study. Mothers filled out the IPSQ, Early Parenting Attitudes Questionnaire (EPAQ), Karitane Parental Self-Confidence Scale (KPSC), and Parental Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). Four components emerged: involvement, discipline, anxiety, and routine. The IPSQ was found to be reliable (alpha = .81) and valid. The findings revealed that income, the number of children, and parental confidence were significant predictors for involvement; maternal education, parental confidence, parenting stress, and sleep wellness of the baby were significant predictors for discipline; and the number of caregivers and parental confidence were significant predictors for routine sub-components. Also, results indicated higher involvement and lower discipline in primiparous compared to multiparous mothers. The findings were discussed in light of the literature regarding the antecedents of parenting and its developmental outcomes.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 5The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Pre-sleep Arousal Scale(Springer Japan Kk, 2024) Turkarslan, Kutlu Kagan; Canel cinarbas, Deniz; Nicassio, Perry M.PurposeThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Pre-sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS), which measures pre-sleep arousal, a significant predictor of insomnia symptoms.Methods651 participants were recruited via social media and the Internet. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in the total sample (65.28% females; M-age1 = 28.09 & PLUSMN; 14.00). Convergent, divergent, incremental, and known-groups validity and internal consistency coefficients were assessed in a subsample of 556 participants (62.77% females; M-age2 = 29.25 & PLUSMN; 14.81). A second separate sample of 88 participants (80.68% females; M-age3 = 22.19 & PLUSMN; 4.98) was used to evaluate three-week test-retest reliability.ResultsThe results of factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure of the Turkish PSAS with cognitive (PSAS-C) and somatic (PSAS-S), similar to the original scale. The correlations of the PSAS with convergent and divergent measures showed that the Turkish form had good convergent and acceptable divergent validity. PSAS-C and PSAS-S were able to explain an 18% additional variance in insomnia severity beyond depression and anxiety, an 18% additional variance in depression beyond insomnia severity, and a 35% additional variance in anxiety beyond insomnia severity. Moreover, insomnia patients had significantly higher PSAS-C and PSAS-S scores than good sleepers. Finally, the PSAS, PSAS-C, and PSAS-S had satisfactory internal consistency coefficients (& alpha; = 0.92, 0.91, and 0.86, respectively) and three-week test-retest correlations (ICC = 0.82, 0.82, and 0.71, respectively).ConclusionThe Turkish form of the PSAS was a valid and reliable measure of pre-sleep arousal and can be utilized in sleep studies.
