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Article Citation - Scopus: 1Anxiety and Depression After Cesarean: Non-Pharmacological Evidence Based Practices;(Dokuz Eylul University, 2022) Terzioğlu,F.; Gençbaş,D.; Boztepe,H.; Doğu,N.; Akdeniz,C.; Yüceer,B.The purpose of this review is to examine the non-pharmacological evidence-based practices of anxiety and depression after a cesarean section delivery. Postpartum anxiety and depression have increased in the last decade, the rates of postpartum depression are around 13% worldwide. In the postpartum period, women may experience anxiety and depression due to the operation they have undergone; such as being in an unfamiliar environment, facing new technological equipment and encounters with the medical teams, the post-operative pain, the new roles women undertake as mothers. One of the factors that increase anxiety and depression in the postpartum period is the type of delivery. In Turkey, the rate of cesarean delivery is comparatively high, which is approximately 52%. Anxiety and depression after cesarean section develop due to fear and concern such as the complications that may occur during and after the mother's anesthesia, the possibility delaying breastfeeding her baby, and experiencing pain. Non-pharmacological evidence-based applications such as reiki, acupressure, hand and foot massage, yoga, reflexology, aromatherapy, skin to skin care, nursing care protocols were found to be effective in studies conducted to reduce anxiety and depression after cesarean-section. Nurses who have critical roles and responsibilities in pre-and post-cesarean care practices are recommended to include these evidence-based non-pharmacological practices in routine care practices. © 2022, Dokuz Eylul University. All rights reserved.Master Thesis Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Primer Dismenoreyi Belirleyen Biyopsikososyal Faktörlerin İncelenmesi(2023) Öksüz, Canan; Topal, Cansu Akdağ; Boztepe, HandanDysmenorrhea is a widespread problem in women's health that has a detrimental impact on many facets of life and quality of life. In addition to being one of the most prevalent gynecological problems in women, dysmenorrhea is affected by many factors. This study, conducted on university students, aimed to examine the biopsychosocial factors determining primary dysmenorrhea, the nature of which is quite complex. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Atılım University between 01.11.2022 and 20.12.2022. The sample size was determined using the sampling calculation formula, and a totl of 339 students participated in the study. Dysmenorrhea Data Collection Form, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACEs), PainCatastrophizing Scale (PCS), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were used as data collection tools. The mean VAS score on which the students indicated the severity ofdysmenorrhea they have experienced between 0-10 was found to be 6.2±2.3. BAI mean score was 20.5±13.5, BDI mean score was 18.6±11.2, MSPSS mean score was 65.9±16.2, ACEs mean value was 1.5±1.1, and PCS mean value was 19.3±13.9. When the findings were analyzed, it was determined that onset of pain (t=3.37, p<0.001), age at menarche (t=- 3.21, p<0.05), PCS (t=16.98, p<0.001), BDI (t=5.13, p<0.05) and BAI (t=7.53, p<0.001) variables showed a significant relationship with iv primary dysmenorrhea. Age, grade, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, menstrual cycle, number of menstrual days, MSPSS, and ACEs variables in the model were found to have no significant relationship with primary dysmenorrhea (p>0.05). The data appears to suggest that primary dysmenorrhea could be related to biological and psychological factors. It is thought that the lack of a relationship between negative childhood experiences and perceived social support, which are among the social factors included in our model, and primary dysmenorrhea is due to the relatively high Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support scores of the students and the relatively low scores of the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire. Nurses should be aware of the biopsychosocial dimensions of primary dysmenorrhea in order to provide comprehensive assessment, education and counseling to women. Keywords: Anxiety, depression, dysmenorrhea, obstetric nursing, pain catastrophizing, social support
