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Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Installation and Performance of the 3rd Veto Plane at the SND@LHC Detector(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2025) Abbaneo, D.; Acampora, G.; Ahmad, S.; Albanese, R.; Alexandrov, A.; Alicante, F.; Zamora Saa, J.During 2022/2023 the optimal inefficiency of the Veto system of the SND@LHC detector was measured to be (7.8 +/- 2.8) x 10(-8). To reduce this inefficiency, a third Veto plane was installed during the 2023-2024 Year End Technical Stop. In addition, the Veto system was lowered to cover the target fully, thereby increasing acceptance. This paper describes how the inefficiency of the Veto system was reduced from (7.8 +/- 2.8) x 10(-8) with an acceptance of about 64% of the target area in 2022-2023 to (4.9 +/- 1.9) x 10(-9) on the full area in 2024.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 1Comfort Based Investigation on Historic Libraries for User Satisfaction and Preservation of Paper-Based Collections(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2021) Turhan,C.; Topan,C.; Durmus Arsan,Z.; Goksal Ozbalta,T.; Gok en Akkurt,G.Historic libraries preserve cultural heritage values while housing rare manuscripts and paper-based collections. The collections in the libraries are deteriorated chemically, biologically and mechanically due to inappropriate indoor environment conditions such as temperature and relative humidity fluctuations and microbiological conditions. Apart from preserving vulnerable paper-based collections, accommodating of a considerable thermal comfort level for visitors is essential in historic libraries. The aim of this study is to analyse indoor environment of a historic library in terms of thermal comfort and preventive conservation of paper-based collections. Izmir National Library, built in 1933, is selected as a case study. Indoor air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity in the library were monitored with a one-year measurement campaign. Meanwhile, thermal comfort of the visitors was assessed with PMV/PPD indices and thermal sensation surveys. The results show that high chemical degradation risk is detected in the library while biological and mechanical degradations are in the low risk zone. On the other hand, 87% and 93% of the visitors feel thermally satisfied in heating and cooling seasons, respectively. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Article Studies of Hadronic Showers in SND@LHC(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2025) Abbaneo, D.; Ahmad, S.; Albanese, R.; Alexandrov, A.; Alicante, F.; Aloschi, F.; Saa, J. Zamora; Zamora Saa, J.The SND@LHC experiment was built for observing neutrinos arising from LHC pp collisions. The detector consists of two sections: a target instrumented with SciFi modules and a hadronic calorimeter/muon detector. Energetic nu N collisions in the target produce hadronic showers. Reconstruction of the shower total energy requires an estimate of the fractions deposited in both the target and the calorimeter. In order to calibrate the SND@LHC response, a replica of the detector was exposed to hadron beams with 100 to 300 GeV in the CERN SPS H8 test beam line in Summer 2023. This report describes the methods developed to tag the presence of a shower, to locate the shower origin in the target, and to combine the target SciFi and the calorimeter signals so to measure the shower total energy.Article The SND@LHC Neutron Shielding(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2025) Zamora-Saa, J. A.; Abbaneo, D.; Ahmad, S.; Albanese, R.; Alexandrov, A.; Alicante, F.; Zaffaroni, E.This paper presents the design, construction, and simulation-based validation of the ColdBox, a combined neutron shielding and insulating enclosure for the Scattering and Neutrino Detector at the LHC (SND@LHC). The emulsion films in the detector's target region require protection from the intense neutron radiation background and a stable environment of 15 +/- 1 degrees C and 50-55% relative humidity for long-term stability. The ColdBox meets these requirements through a dual-layer structure: an external 5 cm plexiglass wall to moderate fast neutrons, and an internal 4 cm layer of borated polyethylene (with 35% boron content) to capture thermal neutrons. The mechanical design, based on a robust aluminum frame, accommodates the constraints of the TI18 tunnel. FLUKA simulations were used to optimize the shielding configuration, showing a significant reduction in the neutron flux, with a simulated ratio of shielded to unshielded thermal neutron fluence of 2.3 x 10(-3). This result is consistent with initial measurements from BatMon detectors. The design also provides a sealed volume for a cooling system to maintain the required temperature and humidity, ensuring the necessary conditions for the emulsion films' integrity.
