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Article Citation - WoS: 13Citation - Scopus: 18An E-Environment System for Socio-Economic Sustainability and National Security(Politechnika Lubelska, 2018) Okewu, Emmanuel; Misra, Sanjay; Fernandez Sanz, Luis; Maskeliunas, Rytis; Damasevicius, Robertas; Computer EngineeringThough there are adequate institutional frameworks and legal instruments for the protection of the Sub-Saharan African environment, their impact on the development and conservation (protection) of the environment leaves much to be desired. This assertion is substantiated by the reality that inspite of these regulatory frameworks, the environment is largely degraded with negative ramifications for the twin goals of attaining sustainable socio-economic advancement and realization of environmental rights. Both national and regional state of environment (SoE) reports show that degradation is apparent. It is worthy of mention that almost all African countries have ratified and domesticated the various regional and subregional environmental agreement. Efforts to solve the puzzle have revealed that corruption and environmental degradation in Sub-Saharan Africa are closely linked. Financial impropriety in ecological funds management, poorly equipped environmental protection institutions, and inadequate citizens' environmental management awareness campaigns are outcomes of corruption in the public sector. Since corruption thrives in the absence of transparency and accountability, this study proposes a cutting-edge technology-based solution that promotes participatory environmental accountability using an e-Environment system. The web-based multi-tier e-Environment system will empower both citizens and government officials to deliberate online real-time on environmental policies, programmes and projects to be embarked upon. Both parties will equally put forward proposals on the use of tax payers money in the environment sector while monitoring discrepancies between amount budgeted, amount released and actual amount spent. We applied design and software engineering skills to actualize the proposed solution. Using Nigeria as case study, our research methodology comprised literature review, requirements gathering, design of proposed solution using universal modelling language (UML) and development/implementation on the Microsoft SharePoint platform. In view of our determination to evolve a zero-defect software, we applied Cleanroom Software Engineering techniques. The outcome obtained so far has proved that the model supports our expectations. The system is not only practical, but ecologically sound. It is anticipated that the full-scale implementation of such an enterprise e-Environment system will decrease the current tide of corruption in the environment sector, mitigate environmental degradation and by extension, reduce social-economic tensions and guarantee national security.Article Citation - WoS: 12Citation - Scopus: 17Entropy as a Measure of Quality of Xml Schema Document(Zarka Private Univ, 2011) Basci, Dilek; Misra, Sanjay; Computer EngineeringIn this paper, a metric for the assessment of the structural complexity of eXtensible Markup Language schema document is formulated. The present metric 'Schema Entropy is based on entropy concept and intended to measure the complexity of the schema documents written in W3C XML Schema Language due to diversity in the structures of its elements. The SE is useful in evaluating the efficiency of the design of Schemas. A good design reduces the maintainability efforts. Therefore, our metric provides valuable information about the reliability and maintainability of systems. In this respect, this metric is believed to be a valuable contribution for improving the quality of XML-based systems. It is demonstrated with examples and validated empirically through actual test cases.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 15Lossless Text Compression Technique Using Syllable Based Morphology(Zarka Private Univ, 2011) Akman, Ibrahim; Bayindir, Hakan; Ozleme, Serkan; Akin, Zehra; Misra, Sanjay; Computer EngineeringIn this paper, we present a new lossless text compression technique which utilizes syllable-based morphology of multi-syllabic languages. The proposed algorithm is designed to partition words into its syllables and then to produce their shorter bit representations for compression. The method has six main components namely source file, filtering unit, syllable unit, compression unit, dictionary file and target file. The number of bits in coding syllables depends on the number of entries in the dictionary file. The proposed algorithm is implemented and tested using 20 different texts of different lengths collected from different fields. The results indicated a compression of up to 43%.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 6Model-Driven Engineering and Creative Arts Approach To Designing Climate Change Response System for Rural Africa: a Case Study of Adum-Aiona Community in Nigeria(Politechnika Lubelska, 2017) Okewu, Emmanuel; Misra, Sanjay; Okewu, Jonathan; Computer EngineeringExperts at the just concluded climate summit in Paris (COP21) are unanimous in opinion that except urgent measures are taken by all humans, average global temperature rise would soon reach the deadly 2 degrees C mark. When this happens, socio-economic livelihoods, particularly in developing economies, would be dealt lethal blow in the wake of associated natural causes such as increased disease burden, soil nutrient destruction, desertification, food insecurity, among others. To avert imminent dangers, nations, including those from Africa, signed a legally binding universally accepted climate control protocol to propagate and regulate environmentally-friendly behaviours globally. The climate vulnerability of Africa as established by literature is concerning. Despite contributing relatively less than other continents to aggregate environmental injustice, the continent is projected to bear the most brunt of environmental degradation. This is on account of her inability to put systems and mechanisms in place to stem consequences of climate change. Hence, our resolve to use a combination of scientific and artistic models to design a response system for tackling climate challenges in Africa. Our model formulation encompasses computational model and creative arts model for drawing attention to environmentally friendly behaviours and climate adaptation and mitigation strategies. In this work, we focus on rural Africa to share experience of climate change impact on agriculture mainstay of rural African economy. We examine the carbon footprints of a rural community in Nigeria the Adum-Aiona community as case study and for industrial experience. The authors will provide operational data to substantiate claims of existential threats posed by greenhouse gas (GHG) generation on livelihoods of rural dwellers. The study will also design and test a Climate Change Response System (CCRS) that will enable people to adapt and reduce climate change impact. To achieve the research objective, the researchers will review literature, gather requirements, model the proposed system using Unified Modelling Language (UML), and test CCRS statically. We expect that the implementation of the proposed system will enable people mitigate the effects of, and adapt to, climate change-induced socio-economic realities. This is besides the fact that the empirical data provided by the study will help clear doubts about the real or perceived threats of climate change. Finally, the industrial experience and case study we share from Africa using model-driven engineering approach will scale up the repository of knowledge of both climate change research and model-driven engineering community.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 16Deep Neural Networks for Curbing Climate Change-Induced Farmers-Herdsmen Clashes in a Sustainable Social Inclusion Initiative(Politechnika Lubelska, 2019) Okewu, Emmanuel; Misra, Sanjay; Fernandez Sanz, Luis; Ayeni, Foluso; Mbarika, Victor; Damasevicius, Robertas; Computer EngineeringPeaceful coexistence of farmers and pastoralists is becoming increasingly elusive and has adverse impact on agricultural revolution and global food security. The targets of Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16) include promoting peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, providing access to justice for all and building effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels. As a soft approach and long term solution to the perennial farmers herdsmen clashes with attendant humanitarian crisis, this study proposes a social inclusion architecture using deep neural network (DNN). This is against the backdrop that formulating policies and implementing programmes based on unbiased information obtained from historical agricultural data using intelligent technology like deep neural network (DNN) can be handy in managing emotions. In this vision paper, a DNN-based Farmers-Herdsmen Expert System (FHES) is proposed based on data obtained from the Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics for tackling the incessant climate change induced farmers-herdsmen clashes, with particular reference to Nigeria. So far, many lives have been lost. FHES is modelled as a deep neural network and trained using farmers-herdsmen historical data. Input variables used include land, water, vegetation, and implements while the output is farmers/herders disposition to peace. Regression analysis and pattern recognition performed by the DNN on the farmers-herdsmen data will enrich the inference engine of FHES with extracted rules (knowledge base). This knowledge base is then relied upon to classify future behaviours of herdsmen/farmers as well as predict their dispositions to violence. Critical stakeholders like governments, service providers and researchers can leverage on such advisory to initiate proactive and socially inclusive conflict prevention measures such as, people-friendly policies, programmes and legislations. This way, conflicts can be averted, national security challenges tackled, and peaceful atmosphere guaranteed for sustainable development.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 12Estimating Quality of Javascript(Zarka Private Univ, 2012) Misra, Sanjay; Cafer, Ferid; Computer EngineeringThis paper proposes a complexity metric for Java script since JavaScript is the most popular scripting language that can run in all of the major web browsers. The proposed metric "JavaScript Cognitive Complexity Measure (JCCM)" is intended to assess the design quality of scripts. The metrics has been evaluated theoretically and validated empirically through real test cases. The metric has also been compared with other similar metrics. The theoretical, empirical validation and comparative study prove the worth and robustness of the metric.Article Citation - WoS: 32Citation - Scopus: 46Weighted Class Complexity: a Measure of Complexity for Object Oriented System(inst information Science, 2008) Misra, Sanjay; Akman, K. Ibrahim; Computer EngineeringSoftware complexity metrics are used to predict critical information about reliability and maintainability of software systems. Object oriented software development requires a different approach to software complexity metrics. In this paper, we propose a metric to compute the structural and cognitive complexity of class by associating a weight to the class, called as Weighted Class Complexity (WCC). On the contrary, of the other metrics used for object oriented systems, proposed metric calculates the complexity of a class due to methods and attributes in terms of cognitive weight. The proposed metric has been demonstrated with 00 examples. The theoretical and practical evaluations based on the information theory have shown that the proposed metric is on ratio scale and satisfies most of the parameters required by the measurement theory.Article Citation - WoS: 25Citation - Scopus: 37Measuring and Evaluating a Design Complexity Metric for Xml Schema Documents(inst information Science, 2009) Basci, Dilek; Misra, Sanjay; Computer EngineeringThe eXtensible Markup Language (XML) has been gaining extraordinary acceptance from many diverse enterprise software companies for their object repositories, data interchange, and development tools. Further, many different domains, organizations and content providers have been publishing and exchanging information via internet by the usage of XML and standard schemas. Efficient implementation of XML in these domains requires well designed XML schemas. In this point of view, design of XML schemas plays an extremely important role in software development process and needs to be quantified for ease of maintainability. In this paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate the quality of XML schema documents (XSD) written in W3C XML Schema language. We propose a metric, which measures the complexity due to the internal architecture of XSD components, and due to recursion. This is the single metric, which cover all major factors responsible for complexity of XSD. The metric has been empirically and theoretically validated, demonstrated with examples and supported by comparison with other well known structure metrics applied on XML schema documents.
