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Article Citation - Scopus: 1Systems, Policies, and Regulations Securing the Future of Danish Social Housing(SINTEF Academic Press, 2020) Bican,N.B.Denmark regards social housing as a crucial tool for its welfare state and, thus, there is strict governmental control at national and local levels over the sector. For years, this sector has strived to keep the quality of existing stock through renovation, transformation, and/or complex regeneration activities. In addition, new settlements are recently built or integrated into larger urban development projects. For one following the recent spatial practices of social housing in Denmark, a pursuit for sustainability and liveability is evident. Based on a review of systems, policies and regulations circumscribing the Danish social housing sector, the current study questions how the underlying mechanisms control the spatial decisions related to social housing, how planning regulations, governmental policies address its practice and spatial quality and how the sector s historical evolution are all interrelated. In this sense, the present article discusses how such seemingly dispersed elements connect to each other to shape a sustainable future for social housing. Emphasising significant historical and social facts, this article provides a structured contextual outline of the Danish approach to social welfare and housing market, while highlighting critical local, national and international principles in place to secure the future and the quality of urban space within social housing settlements in the country. To this end, reference will be made to the discoveries of local actors, which render social housing a practical tool, in that a social housing settlement can be durable and affordable once it is built for liveability to secure future demand; that enhancing spatial quality can be a dependable means to regenerate an estate through holistic and participatory approaches; that new social housing can be instrumentalized to arrange social mix by innovative planning and architecture; and that architectural quality has the potential to transform a building into a self-promoting investment. The study concludes that the history of socio-economic survival in Denmark works hand in hand with that of social housing, which has been a means of sharing and cohabitation under the severe and unexpected circumstances of national economy and unrest. Moreover, in line with the expansion of the Danish economy, success of regenerative trials in recent years, and the growth of qualified architectural know-how, the sector has found its sustainability in further promoting spatial quality. © 2020 THE SHAPING FACTORS FORMING CONTEMPORARY AND FUTURE OFFICE DESIGNS. All rights reserved.Article From Desperation To Best Practice: Spatial Decision-Making in the Regeneration of Gyldenrisparken(Henry Stewart Publications, 2024) Bican,N.B.Post-war social housing estates in Europe have been undergoing wide-scale regeneration to improve the physical decay of these sites and address the concentration of vulnerable residents in these areas, which has resulted in their social segregation, marginalisation and stigmatisation. As these estates cover and affect quite large public spaces, holistic approaches have recently been adopted. Bearing in mind that each regeneration case is unique, this paper describes the collaborative approach taken in the regeneration of Gyldenrisparken in Denmark, which evolved from a desperate situation to a best practice case. The paper focuses on the spatial decision-making process — in particular, how the architectural quality of physical interventions was established and how participatory mechanisms were utilised and developed to enable liveable spaces and sustainable regeneration. Making use of a combination of qualitative documentary analysis and in-depth interviews with key actors, this study encompasses the whole regeneration process, including initiatives taken by the housing association and municipal agents, the methodology developed to collect ideas and implement them in the physical design of the public spaces, and the social effort to make the whole process sustainable and the estates liveable. It concludes that post-war estates have the potential to secure their future by embracing physical and social efforts through proactive empowerment strategies and creating new spatial identities. © 2024, Henry Stewart Publications. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Spatial Design in Recent Housing Developments in Copenhagen: a Perspective of Social Mix and Mixing(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2023) Bican, Nezih BurakPurposeThis study attempts to reveal the contemporary tools of spatial design - policy, planning, urban design and architecture - for social mix (SMX) and social mixing (SMXG) by focusing on the recent undertakings in Denmark, the case in point being Copenhagen.Design/methodology/approachThe study applies a combined research methodology consisting of qualitative strategies. By making use of regulatory document reviews and interviews with key respondents, the study puts together the tools for SMX which are, otherwise, disorganised. Dwelling on reviews of municipal local plans, site visits and semi-structured interviews with municipal agents in charge, it provides a comparative urban morphology analysis of three recently developed neighbourhoods on the basis of SMX and SMXG.FindingsThis study presents the untitled "toolbox" of Danish authorities to regulate the SMX policies and spatial efforts within a variety of planning/design scales to facilitate SMXG among the inhabitants of the neighbourhoods. The examination of successive cases manifests that SMX strategies have been integrated with those of SMXG, with a gradual upwards inclination, since mixing different tenures, types, sizes and prices have not been successful in guaranteeing social interaction. In doing so, the "in-between" zones have become the primary realm of control with an observable differentiation in the studied cases.Originality/valueStudies are scant concerning the spatial design efforts regarding social mix and mixing. The present work contributes to filling this gap by examining a cutting-edge practice in a mature milieu and describing it in a thorough and comparative manner.Article Citation - WoS: 10Citation - Scopus: 9Public Mass Housing Practices in Turkey: the Urgent Need for Research-Based Spatial Decision-Making(Springer, 2020) Bican, Nezih BurakIn Turkey, the Housing Development Administration (HDA/Toplu Konut Idaresi-TOKI) became a major public actor in the housing market in the 2000s by undertaking nearly ten per cent of the annual national housing production. Going forward, HDA plans to further increase its rate of housing in the coming years with an even wider scale of urban transformation across the country in line with central policies. To date, the implementation strategy for public mass-housing has had an overall prescription, mainly based on the quickest and cheapest means of mass production. However, shortcuts taken to reduce the costs have so far bypassed critical architectural and planning priorities, resulting in friction among different actors and further socio-economic problems. This study reviews the background of public mass housing and urban transformation attempts in Turkey, concentrating on research and implementation experience of HDA in the 1990s and 2000s with a historical perspective. Taking a closer look at the basic spatial decision-making (SDM) mechanism behind its social housing provision and briefly discussing the controversies of urban transformations it participated in, the study addresses the common shortfalls of the current public housing practice in the light of the existing research and experience in the country. The study calls for the re-establishment of a comprehensive research basis independent from bureaucratic actors to ground the practice on and help sustain the built environment.
