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  • Article
    Effect of COVID-19 Infection on the Performance of Elite Adolescent Overhead Athletes
    (SAGE Publications Ltd, 2025) Uluǧ, Naime; Kodak, Seyde Büşra; Kodak, Muhammed Ihsan,; Karahan, Zehra Can; Kiliç, Erden
    Background: COVID-19 might have a negative impact on sports performance. There are few studies in the literature that assess how the sports performance of adolescent athletes is affected by COVID-19. Objective: This study aimed to compare the sports performance of adolescent overhead athletes who had COVID-19 infection with those who had not. Methods: The study involved adolescent elite overhead athletes from basketball, volleyball, handball, and tennis. Athletes’ performance were assessed using core muscle endurance, hand grip strength, upper extremity functional performance, reaction time and agility performance, and the 3-min step test. Results: Study included 47 adolescent overhead athletes (mean age 15.15 ± 1.51 years). The COVID-19 group showed significantly higher Borg Scale scores and decrease in oxygen saturation levels only after the step test (p = 0.02, p = 0.02, respectively). Additionally, COVID-19 group had lower grip strength in both right and left hands compared to the non-COVID group (p = 0.01, p = 0.05, respectively). No significant association was found between core muscle power and endurance, upper extremity functional performance, reaction time and agility performance (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our results showed reduced hand grip strength and increased fatigue following COVID-19 infection in adolescent overhead athletes. Time period after COVID-19 infection had a negative correlation with sports performance and core endurance. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
  • Article
    The Effect of Perceived Birth Trauma in Women With Planned Cesarean Section on Maternal and Paternal Attachment: Path Analysis Model
    (SAGE Publications Ltd, 2025) Mert-Karadas, M.; Akdag Topal, C.A.; Karakurt, I.; Boztepe, H.
    Perceived birth trauma can disrupt parent-infant bonding and affect family dynamics. This study examined the impact of perceived birth trauma on maternal and paternal attachment using path analysis. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 134 mother-father pairs in Turkey, 6 months postpartum, following planned cesarean sections. Data were collected using the Traumatic Childbirth Perception Scale, Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale, and Paternal-Infant Attachment Scale. Descriptive statistics and reliability analyses were conducted using R software. Path analysis was performed with the R package “lavaan” to assess direct and indirect relationships. Higher perceived birth trauma was significantly associated with increased maternal bonding difficulties and decreased paternal bonding. A significant negative covariance between maternal and paternal bonding scores indicated interdependent bonding dynamics. The model explained 6% of the variance in maternal bonding and 3.7% in paternal bonding. These findings underscore the need for family-centered, trauma-informed postpartum care to support healthy parent-infant attachment. © The Author(s) 2025. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).