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Master Thesis Development of Financial Instruments and Financial Centers and Their Tax Situations(2024) Karahan, Anıl; Ekinci, Mehmet FatihFinancial markets are integrated environments subject to legal and administrative rules where suppliers and demanders of funds, as well as intermediaries, interact using financial institutions and products, and where various types of financial assets are bought and sold. Financial instruments are written documents that either represent the receivable for the transaction or entail shareholding rights over the funds during the transfer of funds. A financial center is where activities such as brokerage, banking, leasing, factoring, financing, financial technology, fund management, portfolio management, asset management, insurance and reinsurance, legal and financial consultancy are carried out and that exists by meeting various criteria such as distinguishing key factors, relative factors for competition, and differentiating factors. Financial centers can operate in various categories such as international, regional, national, offshore, and product-oriented. Istanbul Financial Center is the only financial center of Turkey that has been operating in the Anatolian side of Istanbul since 17/04/2023. Taxes are amounts collected directly or indirectly by general or local governments from everyone per the law to be spent on public services. Taxation is the implementation of assessment, notification, accrual, and collection procedures following the occurrence of a tax-generating event and culminating in the tax debt becoming payable.
