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Review Frailty, Sarcopenia and Nutrition(Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 2024) Yesil,B.O.; Okur,İ.N.; Hızlı,Ş.Recently, the terms frailty and sarcopenia have been used frequently. Frailty, which occurs due to age-related physiological changes in multiple systems, is accepted as one of the geriatric syndromes. In frailty, negative energy balance, decreased strength, slowed walking speed, decreased grip strength, sarcopenia and involuntary weight loss can be seen. Frailty emerges as an indicator of biological age and correlates with the outcomes of biological age regardless of age, gender and comorbidities. Recent studies have begun to use the concept of frailty in children. Frailty in children is caused by a multi-system physiological impairment, including neurological, endocrine, immune and skeletal systems, which leads to a deterioration in quality of life. Frail children therefore require additional care and related services compared to children of the same age. Sarcopenia is defined as progressive loss in the musculoskeletal system. It has been determined that frailty and sarcopenia have many things in common in terms of their formation mechanisms, clinical consequences, treatment and prevention methods. Nutrition is closely related to both frailty and sarcopenia. Therefore, adequate energy and protein intake is extremely important in preventing malnutrition and loss of lean body mass. © 2024 Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 13Citation - Scopus: 15Daily Living Activities, Exercise Capacity, Cognition, and Balance in Copd Patients With and Without Frailty(Springer London Ltd, 2022) Kagiali, Sezen; Inal-Ince, Deniz; Cakmak, Aslihan; Calik-Kutukcu, Ebru; Saglam, Melda; Vardar-Yagli, Naciye; Coplu, LutfiBackground Information on the interaction between frailty and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is limited. Aims This study aimed to compare activities of daily living (ADL), exercise capacity, balance, and cognition in COPD patients with and without frailty. Methods Twenty frail and 28 non-frail COPD patients aged 55 years and over were included. Frailty was determined according to Fried et al. Dyspnea was evaluated using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale. Respiratory and peripheral muscle strength were measured. Functional capacity was assessed using a 6-min walk test (6MWT); ADL performance was evaluated using the Glittre ADL test. The balance was evaluated using the functional reach test (FRT). Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Evaluation (MoCA) Test. Quality of life was measured using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT). Results The mMRC and CAT scores were higher in the frail patients as compared with the non-frail patients (p < 0.05). The maximal inspiratory pressure, handgrip strength, 6MWT distance, and FRT score were lower in the frail patients as compared with the non-frail patients (p < 0.05). The duration for the Glittre ADL test was longer in the frail patients than the non-frail patients (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between MoCA scores between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions Frail COPD patients have increased dyspnea perception, impaired muscle strength, and functional capacity, ADL performance, balance, and quality of life. Whether pulmonary rehabilitation programs for patients with frail COPD need to be adapted with new rehabilitation strategies, including components of frailty, needs further investigation.
