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Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 5Impact of Green Wall and Roof Applications on Energy Consumption and Thermal Comfort for Climate Resilient Buildings(Mdpi, 2025) Turhan, Cihan; Carpino, Cristina; Austin, Miguel Chen; Ozbey, Mehmet Furkan; Akkurt, Gulden GokcenNowadays, reducing energy consumption and obtaining thermal comfort are significant for making educational buildings more climate resilient, more sustainable, and more comfortable. To achieve these goals, a sustainable passive method is that of applying green walls and roofs that provide extra thermal insulation, evaporative cooling, a shadowing effect, and the blockage of wind on buildings. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of green wall and roof applications on energy consumption and thermal comfort in an educational building. For this purpose, a university building in the Csb climate zone is selected and monitored during one year, as a case study. Then, the case building is modelled in a well-calibrated dynamic building energy simulation tool and twenty-one different plant species, which are mostly used for green walls and roofs, are applied to the envelope of the building in order to determine a reduction in energy consumption and an increase in thermal comfort. The Hedera canariensis gomera (an ivy species) plant is used for green walls due to its aesthetic appeal, versatility, and functional benefits while twenty-one different plants including Ophiopogon japonicus (Mando-Grass), Phyllanthus bourgeoisii (Waterfall Plant), and Phoenix roebelenii (Phoenix Palm) are simulated for the green roof applications. The results show that deploying Hedera canariensis gomera to the walls and Phyllanthus bourgeoisii to the roof could simultaneously reduce the energy consumption by 9.31% and increase thermal comfort by 23.55% in the case building. The authors acknowledge that this study is solely based on simulations due to the high cost of all scenarios, and there are inherent differences between simulated and real-world conditions. Therefore, the future work will be analysing scenarios in real life. Considering the limited studies on the effect of different plant species on energy performance and comfort, this study also contributes to sustainable building design strategies.Article Citation - Scopus: 1Determination of Metabolic Rate From Physical Measurements of Heart Rate, Mean Skin Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Variation(Sakarya University, 2022) Özbey, M.F.; Çeter, A.E.; Turhan, C.Thermal comfort depends on four environmental parameters such as air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air velocity and relative humidity and two personal parameters, including clothing insulation and metabolic rate. Environmental parameters can be measured via objective sensors. However, personal parameters can be merely estimated in most of the studies. Metabolic rate is one of the problematic personal parameters that affect the accuracy of thermal comfort models. International thermal comfort standards still use a conventional metabolic rate table which is tabulated according to different activity tasks. On the other hand, ISO 8996 underestimates metabolic rates, especially when the time of activity level is short and rest time is long. To this aim, this paper aims to determine metabolic rates from physical measurements of heart rate, mean skin temperature and carbon dioxide variation by means of nineteen sample activities. 21 male and 17 female subjects with different body mass indices, sex and age are used in the study. The occupants are subjected to different activity tasks while heart rate, skin temperature and carbon dioxide variation are measured via objective sensors. The results show that the metabolic rate can be estimated with a multivariable non-linear regression equation with high accuracy of 0.97. © 2022, Sakarya University. All rights reserved.
