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Article Citation - WoS: 4An Eye-Controlled Wearable Communication and Control System for Als Patients: Smarteyes(Yildiz Technical Univ, 2017) Sumer, Emre; Uslu, I. Baran; Turker, MustafaALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that involves the malfunctioning of motor neurons. The ability of the brain to initiate and control muscle movement is lost subsequent to death of motor neurons. People with ALS present the greatest challenge regarding communication issues. Besides, caring for a loved one with ALS is not an easy task. In this study, we developed an eye-controlled wearable system called "SmartEyes" which improves the life qualities of ALS patients and their caregivers by offering two important skills. The first skill is communicating through predefined voice messages generated by a computer and the second one is controlling several peripherals located in the patient's environment. The developed system is novel in that; the patients can easily vocalize their needs and requests with a few sequential eye movements. Moreover, they can control several household items including desk lamp, rolling curtain, television and air conditioner in the same way. The preliminary experiments showed that the performance of the system is satisfactory. The accuracy of the system commands based on pupil gaze direction was tested on several users and about an accuracy of 89% was achieved. It is believed that the developed system has attracted the patients' and their caregivers' interest very much and this is the main motivation in improving our system.Article Citation - WoS: 10Citation - Scopus: 12Secondary-Task Effects on Learning With Multimedia: an Investigation Through Eye-Movement Analysis(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Acarturk, Cengiz; Ozcelik, ErolThis study investigates secondary-task interference on eye movements through learning with multimedia. We focus on the relationship between the influence of the secondary task on the eye movements of learners, and the learning outcomes as measured by retention, matching, and transfer. Half of the participants performed a spatial tapping task while studying the instructional materials, whereas the other half studied the materials, without spatial tapping. The results revealed suboptimal learning outcomes under the secondary task, which was accompanied by fewer transitions of gaze between the text and the figure. We propose that the suboptimal learning outcomes might be due to the disrupted processing of pictures, and possibly due to the less efficient integration, of the information gathered from the text and figures.Article Citation - WoS: 22Citation - Scopus: 26Insights From Pupil Size To Mental Workload of Surgical Residents: Feasibility of an Educational Computer-Based Surgical Simulation Environment (ece) Considering the Hand Condition(Sage Publications inc, 2018) Dalveren, Gonca Gokce Menekse; Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Ozcelik, Erol; Maras, HakanThe advantage of simulation environments is that they present various insights into real situations, where experimental research opportunities are very limited-for example, in endoscopic surgery. These operations require simultaneous use of both hands. For this reason, surgical residents need to develop several motor skills, such as eye-hand coordination and left-right hand coordination. While performing these tasks, the hand condition (dominant, nondominant, both hands) creates different degrees of mental workload, which can be assessed through mental physiological measures-namely, pupil size. Studies show that pupil size grows in direct proportion to mental workload. However, in the literature, there are very limited studies exploring this workload through the pupil sizes of the surgical residents under different hand conditions. Therefore, in this study, we present a computer-based simulation of a surgical task using eye-tracking technology to better understand the influence of the hand condition on the performance of skill-based surgical tasks in a computer-based simulated environment. The results show that under the both-hand condition, the pupil size of the surgical residents is larger than the one under the dominant and nondominant hand conditions. This indicates that when the computer-simulated surgical task is performed with both hands, it is considered more difficult than in the dominant and nondominant hand conditions. In conclusion, this study shows that pupil size measurements are sufficiently feasible to estimate the mental workload of the participants while performing surgical tasks. The results of this study can be used as a guide by instructional system designers of skill-based training programs.
