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Article Citation - WoS: 13Citation - Scopus: 14Integration of Psychological Parameters Into a Thermal Sensation Prediction Model for Intelligent Control of the Hvac Systems(Elsevier Science Sa, 2023) Turhan, Cihan; Ozbey, Mehmet Furkan; Lotfi, Bahram; Akkurt, Gulden GokcenConventional thermal comfort models take physiological parameters into account on thermal comfort models. On the other hand, psychological behaviors are also proven as a vital parameter which affects the thermal sensation. In the literature, limited studies which combine both physiological and psychological parameters on the thermal sensation models are exist. To this aim, this study develops a novel Thermal Sensation Prediction Model (TSPM) in order to control the HVAC system by considering both parameters. A data-driven TSPM, which includes Fuzzy Logic (FL) model, is developed and coded using Phyton language by the authors. Two physiological parameters (Mean Radiant Temperature and External Temperature) and one psychological parameter (Emotional Intensity Score (EIS) including Vigour, Depression, Tension with total of 32 subscales) are selected as inputs of the model. Besides the physiological parameters which are decided intentionally considering a manual ventilated building property, the most influencing three sub- psychological parameters on thermal sensation are also selected in the study. While the physiological parameters are measured via environmental data loggers, the psychological parameters are collected simultaneously by the Profile of Mood States questionnaire. A total of 1159 students are participated to the questionnaire at a university study hall between 15th of August 2021 and 15th of September 2022. The results showed that the novel model predicted Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) with an accuracy of 0.92 of R2. The output of this study may help to develop an integrated Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system with Artificial Intelligence - enabled Emulators that also includes psychological parameters.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 7A Team-Oriented Course Development Experience in Distance Education for Multidisciplinary Engineering Design(Wiley, 2022) Say, Bilge; Erden, Zühal; Erden, Zuhal; Turhan, Cihan; Turhan, Cihan; Say, Bilge; Erden, Zühal; Turhan, Cihan; Say, Bilge; Energy Systems Engineering; Software Engineering; Mechatronics Engineering; Energy Systems Engineering; Mechatronics Engineering; Software EngineeringBased on the multidisciplinary needs of today's complex and innovative technology, accreditation bodies of engineering demand proof of multidisciplinary teamwork in undergraduate engineering curricula. This article reports the design and conduct of a Multidisciplinary Engineering Design (MED) course initiated as a result of accreditation process requirements. The course, which consists of multidisciplinary lectures, practice sessions, and various phases of a multidisciplinary team project, was conducted online because of the COVID-19 pandemic by a multidisciplinary team of instructors using multiple software tools to enhance collaboration. In general, the course outcomes were satisfied under the current design, and several points for further improvement and elaboration were collected via quantitative and qualitative evaluations. Accordingly, the results show that the project-based and team-based MED course, in terms of multidisciplinary course management and its outcomes, can benefit from the use of software tools in creating a multidisciplinary team in distance education by means of enhanced cooperation and motivation among the participants.Article Citation - WoS: 20Citation - Scopus: 21Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Current Mood States on the Thermal Sensation in Educational Buildings(Wiley-hindawi, 2022) Ozbey, Mehmet Furkan; Ceter, Aydin Ege; Orfioglu, Sevval; Alkan, Nese; Turhan, CihanAdaptive thermal comfort is a model which considers behavioral and psychological adjustments apart from Fanger's Predicted Mean Vote (PMV)/Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) method. In the literature, the differences between the PMV/PPD method and adaptive thermal comfort were mainly considered in aspects of behavioral adjustments in an environment. Conversely, limited studies related to psychological adjustments were considered in detail for thermal comfort. This study purposes to investigate the effects of current mood state subscales on thermal sensation of the occupants for the first time in the literature. To this aim, the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire is used to determine the mood state of the occupants with six different subscales: Anger, Confusion, Vigor, Tension, Depression, and Fatigue. The experiments were conducted in a university study hall in Ankara, Turkey, which is in warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb) according to Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification. The distributions of each subscale were examined via Anderson Darling and Shapiro-Wilk tests accordingly given responses from the occupants. The sensitivity analysis was applied to the six subscales of the POMS with Monte Carlo simulation method by considering the distributions of each subscale. The results revealed that the current mood state has a crucial effect on the thermal sensation of the occupants. The subscales of the Depression and Vigor were found as the most vital ones among the six subscales. Only the pure effects of the Vigor and Depression would change the thermal sensation of the occupants 0.31 and 0.30, respectively. The Confusion was determined as the least effective subscale to the thermal sensation of the occupants. Moreover, with the combination of all the six subscales, the thermal sensation might change up to 1.32. Findings in this study would help researchers to develop the personalized thermal comfort systems.Article Citation - WoS: 20Citation - Scopus: 23A Novel Comfort Temperature Determination Model Based on Psychology of the Participants for Educational Buildings in a Temperate Climate Zone(Elsevier, 2023) Ozbey, Mehmet Furkan; Turhan, CihanMaintaining thermal comfort in the educational buildings is vital due to the impacts on learning effectiveness of students. Therefore, development of a proper comfort temperature in educational buildings is a must. In naturally ventilated and mixed-mode buildings, the adaptive thermal comfort model, which considers additively psychological, and behavioural factors to the Fanger's PMV/PPD model, is commonly applied based on regression analyses. However, the psychological adjustments based on current mood state are very limited in these adaptive thermal comfort models. Therefore, this study focuses on the psychological adjustments in terms of Profile of Mood States in order to predict comfort temperature of students in a case building. The experiments are conducted in a university on a temperate climate zone for a long period-data including both heating and cooling seasons. In this study, the comfort temperatures for each student are determined via Griffith method for the case building. Moreover, the current mood states of students are assessed utilizing the Profile of Mood States survey, which are collected via a developed mobile application. As a conclusion, the relation between the current mood state of the students and comfort temperature are statistically investigated. The results show that a Griffith constant are found as 0.332/K and mean annual comfort temperature is found as 21.32 degrees C in the case building. Additionally, a significant difference is found in the comfort temperatures among the students who have more, or fewer concerns than typically reported. The novelty of the study is to present a comfort temperature determination model which considers human psychology as a starter study in the literature.Conference Object Mold Growth Affecting the Achievement of NZEB in the Long Term in Tropical Climates(Free University of Bozen Bolzano, 2025) Carpino, Cristina; Austin, Miguel Chen; Turhan, Cihan; Mora, Dafni Y.; Arcuri, N.The net-zero energy concept significantly impacts global goals regarding energy accessibility (SDG 7) and responsible consumption (SDG 12), particularly in the building sector, which accounts for substantial energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. While extensive research on Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) has focused on the global north, tropical regions require further study, where high solar radiation, temperatures, and humidity challenge building performance throughout the year. Addressing problems like mold growth caused by these tropical climate aspects can undermine NZEB's performance. This study aims to evaluate the impact of mold growth on a representative building under the tropical climate of Panama City (high temperatures and humidity) and Boquete (low temperatures and high humidity). Long-term hygrothermal and energy performance analyses are conducted using simulation software to assess when and how mold growth affects building performance. Mold can harm the health of occupants and increase energy consumption, as additional humidity control devices may be required after the building's design phase. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 3Design and Validation of a Fault Tolerant Fuzzy Control for a Wind Park High-Fidelity Simulator(Ieee, 2021) Simani, Silvio; Turhan, Cihan; Farsoni, SaverioTo enhance both the safety and the efficiency of offshore wind park systems, faults must be accommodated in their earlier occurrence, in order to avoid costly unplanned maintenance. Therefore, this paper aims at implementing a fault tolerant control strategy by means of a data-driven approach relying on fuzzy logic. In particular, fuzzy modelling is considered here as it enables to approximate unknown nonlinear relations, while managing uncertain measurements and disturbance. On the other hand, the model of the fuzzy controller is directly estimated from the input-output signals acquired from the wind farm system, with fault tolerant capabilities. In general, the use of purely nonlinear relations and analytic methods would require more complex design tools. The design is therefore enhanced by the use of fuzzy model prototypes obtained via a data-driven approach, thus representing the key point if real-time solutions have to implement the proposed fault tolerant control strategy. Finally, a high-fidelity simulator including hardware-in-the-loop modules is exploited to validate the reliability and robustness characteristics of the developed methodologies also for on-line implementations.Article Citation - WoS: 49Citation - Scopus: 54A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Most Suitable Hvac System for an Industrial Building by Using a Hybrid Building Energy Simulation and Multi Criteria Decision Making Framework(Elsevier, 2021) Bac, Ugur; Alaloosi, Khalid Abdulwahab Mohamed Saed; Turhan, CihanGreat demand for energy and growing trend in the use of energy-efficient HVAC systems force researchers to focus on the importance of choosing the most appropriate HVAC system for industrial buildings during design process. Therefore, developing a model to select the most suitable HVAC system is vital for industrial buildings. To this aim, this study provides a comprehensive evaluation of different HVAC systems for an industrial building by using hybrid multi criteria decision making (MCDM) method. An industrial building in Ankara/Turkey is selected as a case building. Eleven HVAC systems are evaluated based on twenty seven criteria, which are determined as a result of extensive literature research, and are grouped under six categories including ergonomic, environmental, reliability, technical, and economical aspects. A hybrid application of building energy simulation (BES) integrated modified Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) and Weighted Additive Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) framework is developed for supporting the decision making process. The novelty of the study is integrating the objective results of a well-calibrated dynamic BES tool with subjective criteria which are collected from expert opinions by applying questionnaires with face-to-face interview method. The results of MCDM framework and sensitivity analysis showed that the water-source heat pump is the best and suitable alternative for the industrial building. The outcome of this study would benefit the HVAC engineers and specialists in order to design the best HVAC systems in industrial buildings while providing an insight into different criteria. Moreover, key contribution to the literature is the usage of hybrid MCDM framework integrated with BES tool in the building sector.Article Citation - WoS: 19Citation - Scopus: 21Gender Inequity in Thermal Sensation Based on Emotional Intensity for Participants in a Warm Mediterranean Climate Zone(Elsevier France-editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2023) Ceter, Aydin Ege; Ozbey, Mehmet Furkan; Turhan, CihanThe deficiencies of the one of the most preferred conventional thermal comfort models, the Predicted Mean Vote/ Percentage of Predicted Dissatisfied (PMV/PPD) method have emerged over time since the model does not take psychological parameters such as personal traits, mood states and adaptation into account. Therefore, re-searchers have focused on Adaptive Thermal Comfort models that integrate human behaviours into the model for better prediction of thermal comfort. In addition to the influence of the behaviours of occupants, thermal comfort may be evaluated as a subjective term, thus, the effect of one of the psychological parameters, current mood state, on thermal sensation cannot be ignored for predictions. Although, the effect of current mood state on thermal sensation is a vital concept, the findings of the studies are not effective and comprehensive in the literature. For this reason, the aim of this study is to examine the relationship between current mood state and thermal sensation in gender difference aspect. Therefore, a series of experiments were conducted in a university study hall between August 16th, 2021 and August 1st, 2022. The current mood states of the participants were evaluated with the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire and the results were represented by a novel approach called Emotional Intensity Score (EIS). One tailed t-test was applied for investigating the relationship between the EIS and the thermal sensation. Findings of the research showed that a significant association exists between the EIS and thermal sensation for male participants while no relationship was found for female.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 8Modeling the Mood State on Thermal Sensation With a Data Mining Algorithm and Testing the Accuracy of Mood State Correction Factor(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Yerlikaya-Ozkurt, Fatma; Ozbey, Mehmet Furkan; Turhan, CihanPsychology is proven as an influencing factor on thermal sensation. On the other hand, mood state is one of the significant parameters in psychology field. To this aim, in the literature, mood state correction factor on thermal sensation (Turhan and Ozbey coefficients) is derived utilizing with data-driven black-box model. However, novel models which present analytical form of the mood state correction factor should be derived based on the several descriptive variables on thermal sensation. Moreover, the result of this factor should also be checked with analytical model results. Therefore, this study investigates the modelling of mood state correction factor with a data mining algorithm, called Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS). Additionally, the mood state is also taken as a thermal sensation parameter besides environmental parameters in this algorithm. The same data, which are collected from a university study hall in a temperate climate zone, are used and the model results are compared with the thermal sensation results based on mood state correction factor which is driven via black-box model. The results show that coefficient of correlation "r" between the MARS and black-box model is found as 0.9426 and 0.9420 for training and testing. Hence, the mood state is also modelled via a data mining algorithm with a high accuracy, besides the black-box model.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Modelling the Positive and Negative Interaction Between Mood and Thermal Sensation in the Built Environment Using a Combined Markov Chain Monte Carlo Algorithm and Morris Method(Sage Publications Ltd, 2025) Ozbey, Mehmet Furkan; Turhan, CihanMood states, categorized into subscales such as Tension (TEN), Anger (ANG), Fatigue (FAT), Vigour (VIG), Confusion (CON), and Depression (DEP), affect occupants' perceptions of thermal environments. This study investigates the influence of these subscales on thermal sensation, exploring both positive and negative effects. Experiments were conducted in a temperate climate zone over an extended period, including both heating and cooling seasons, with 1159 volunteers. The Morris Method was used to assess the impact of psychological parameters (TEN, ANG, FAT, VIG, CON, DEP) on thermal sensation. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations, performed via Python code developed by the authors, evaluated the positive and negative impacts of these subscales across 30,000 simulations. Results showed that VIG was the most influential parameter, while CON and FAT had negative effects (feeling cooler) on thermal sensation. These findings emphasize the complex relationship between psychological factors and thermal perception, underlining the importance of mood states in designing environments that enhance thermal comfort. The study offers valuable insights into the interplay of emotional well-being and physiological responses, contributing to environmental psychology and climate-responsive design.
