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Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 8Transferring Technical Knowledge To Turkey: American Engineers, Scientific Experts, and the Erzincan Earthquake of 1939(Royal Society Publishing, 2022) Tunc,T.E.; Tunc,G.On 27 December 1939, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck Erzincan, Turkey, claiming close to 33 000 lives, and leaving 100 000 injured and 250 000 homeless. World War II was in its initial stages, and the USA was particularly concerned about the vulnerable situation in Turkey, since there was a possibility that it would join forces with Germany, as the Ottoman Empire had done in World War I. Consequently, the Turkish request for information on 'a type of quake resistant concrete construction understood to have been developed in California', resulted in a flurry of correspondence between numerous Turkish and American actors, including the US State Department, which supplied this material with notable attentiveness. As this article will argue, this request not only represents an early critical juncture in the transfer of earthquake engineering knowledge from the USA to Turkey, but also illustrates how diplomacy and engineering can intersect at pivotal points in time. Engineers and other scientific experts strengthened the Turkish-American relationship during this period, thereby laying the foundation of the technical cooperation that would flourish during the Cold War. This watershed moment also resulted in immediate developments in Turkey, such as the development of a comprehensive national disaster management programme, a seismic zone map, and earthquake building codes. © 2021 The Author(s).Conference Object Structural Analyses of Rc Buildings With Various Support Types(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Tunc,G.; Tanfener,T.; Khayyat,Z.K.The seismic design of buildings is performed based on dynamic analyses by considering fixed-base supports. The effect of soil’s elastic behavior is usually ignored during the analysis and design phases of buildings. Due to differences in the seismic responses of rigidly and elastically supported buildings, it is essential to study the impact of the elastic behavior of soil on overall building design. In this study, the structural behavior of rigid basement walls with various support conditions will be investigated. For this purpose, a parametric study will be conducted on a total of 60 reinforced concrete buildings with two different layouts. For this purpose, five support types will be studied. These supports types in their correct order are as follows: (1) vertical area springs at the base coupled with horizontal area springs all around the basement walls, (2) fixity at the base coupled with horizontal joint springs only at the ground floor level, (3) vertical joint springs at the base, (4) only fixity at the base with no joint or area springs, and (5) vertical joint springs at the base coupled with horizontal joint springs only at the ground floor level. The results revealed that the buildings with support type 2 exhibited the most rigid behavior, while the buildings with support types 1 and 3 exhibited the most flexible behavior. The fundamental periods from support type 5 were always smaller than those from support type 1, pronouncing the significance of the presence of horizontal springs. Based on the results, it was also concluded that the choice of support type had almost no impact on the design of a mat foundation. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
