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Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 9Expanding the Role of Exosomes in Drug, Biomolecule, and Nanoparticle Delivery(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Saka, Ongun Mehmet; Dora, Devrim Demir; Kibar, Gunes; Tevlek, AtakanExosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles released by diverse cell types, serving essential functions in intercellular communication and physiological processes. These vesicles have garnered considerable interest in recent years for their potential as drug delivery systems, attributed to their natural origin, minimal immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, and capacity to traverse biological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier. Exosomes can be obtained from diverse biological fluids, rendering them accessible and versatile vehicles for therapeutic medicines. This study emphasizes the burgeoning significance of exosomes in drug administration, concentrating on their benefits, including improved stability, target selectivity, and the capacity to encapsulate various biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules. Notwithstanding their potential applications, other problems remain, including as effective drug loading, industrial scalability, and the standardization of isolation methodologies. Overcoming these hurdles via new research is essential for fully harnessing the promise of exosomes in therapeutic applications, especially in the treatment of intricate diseases like cancer and neurological disorders.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 14Exosomes as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Insights and Future Directions(Springer, 2025) Dehghani, Sam; Ocakci, Ozgecan; Hatipoglu, Pars Tan; Ozalp, Veli Cengiz; Tevlek, AtakanNeurodegenerative diseases (NDs) like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS rank among the most challenging global health issues, marked by substantial obstacles in early diagnosis and effective treatment. Current diagnostic techniques frequently demonstrate inadequate sensitivity and specificity, whilst conventional treatment strategies encounter challenges related to restricted bioavailability and insufficient blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Recently, exosomes-nanoscale vesicles packed with proteins, RNAs, and lipids-have emerged as promising agents with the potential to reshape diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to these diseases. Unlike conventional drug carriers, they naturally traverse the BBB and can deliver bioactive molecules to affected neural cells. Their molecular cargo can influence cell signaling, reduce neuroinflammation, and potentially slow neurodegenerative progression. Moreover, exosomes serve as non-invasive biomarkers, enabling early and precise diagnosis while allowing real-time disease monitoring. Additionally, engineered exosomes, loaded with therapeutic molecules, enhance this capability by targeting diseased neurons and overcoming conventional treatment barriers. By offering enhanced specificity, reduced immunogenicity, and an ability to bypass physiological limitations, exosome-based strategies present a transformative advantage over existing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review examines the multifaceted role of exosomes in NDDs, emphasizing their diagnostic capabilities, intrinsic therapeutic functions, and transformative potential as advanced treatment vehicles.Review Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 4Smart Hydrogels in Lab-On (loc) Applications(Elsevier, 2024) Tevlek, Atakan; Cretin, Esin AkbayLaboratory on-chip (LOC) technology facilitates numerous developments across diverse disciplines, such as medicine, tissue engineering, materials science, biomedical engineering, and biotechnology. Moreover, the potential applications appear boundless when LOC is integrated with intelligent hydrogels. In the literature, however, there are few accounts of the vast array of developments and applications that this combination has spawned. These new systems, which integrate smart hydrogels and LOC and thus significantly advance cuttingedge technology, have been thoroughly examined in this review. The functions of smart hydrogels in LOC applications were described and subsequently the developed intelligent hydrogels were classified as multiresponsive, thermo-responsive, pH-responsive, and stimuli-responsive (light, magnetic, and electric). Following this, details regarding tunable properties for LOC functions were provided, followed by a discussion of the fabrication processes and integration of these intelligent hydrogels into LOC systems, including their benefits and drawbacks. Following that, current literature examples of LOC systems utilizing these intelligent hydrogels for biosensing, 3D culture, tissue engineering, controlled release, personalized medicine, drug delivery, analyte enrichment, and organ-on-a-chip applications were presented. Following the presentation of state-of-the-art information regarding smart hydrogel characterization techniques, present challenges and prospective prospects were discussed.Review Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Diagnostic Use of Circulating Cells and Sub-Cellular Bio-Particles(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Tevlek, AtakanIn the bloodstream or other physiological fluids, "circulating cells and sub-cellular bio-particles" include many microscopic biological elements such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), exosomes, microRNAs, platelets, immune cells, and proteins are the most well-known and investigated. These structures are crucial biomarkers in healthcare and medical research for the early detection of cancer and other disorders, enabling treatment to commence before the onset of clinical symptoms and enhancing the efficacy of treatments. As the size of these biomarkers to be detected decreases and their numbers in body fluids diminishes, the detection materials, ranging from visual inspection to advanced microscopy techniques, begin to become smaller, more sensitive, faster, and more effective, thanks to developing nanotechnology. This review first defines the circulating cells and subcellular bio-particles with their biological, physical, and mechanical properties and second focuses on their diagnostic importance, including their most recent applications as biomarkers, the biosensors that are utilized to detect them, the present obstacles that must be surmounted, and prospective developments in the domain. As technology advances and biomolecular pathways are deepens, diagnostic tests will become more sensitive, specific, and thorough. Finally, integrating recent advances in the diagnostic use of circulating cells and bioparticles into clinical practice is promising for precision medicine and patient outcomes.