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Article Citation - WoS: 32Citation - Scopus: 35Mechanical, Thermal, Melt-Flow and Morphological Characterizations of Bentonite-Filled Abs Copolymer(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2020) Alhallak, Laylay Mustafa; Tirkes, Seha; Tayfun, UmitPurpose This study aims to investigate the mechanical, thermal, melt-flow and morphological behavior of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)-based composites after bentonite inclusions. Melt mixing is the most preferred production method in industrial scale and basically it has very near processing parameters compared to 3D printing applications. Rheological parameters of ABS and its composites are important for 3D applications. Melt flow behavior of ABS effects the fabrication of 3D printed product at desired levels. Shear thinning and non-Newtonian viscosity characteristics of ABS make viscosity control easier and more flexible for several processing techniques including injection molding, compression molding and 3D printing. Design/methodology/approach ABS copolymer was reinforced with bentonite mineral (BNT) at four different loading ratios of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. ABS/BNT composites were fabricated by lab-scale micro-compounder followed by injection molding process. Mechanical, thermo-mechanical, thermal, melt-flow and morphological properties of composites were investigated by tensile, hardness and impact tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), melt flow index (MFI) test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Findings Mechanical tests revealed that tensile strength, elongation and hardness of ABS were enhanced as BNT content increased. Glass transition temperature and storage modulus of ABS exhibited increasing trend with the additions of BNT. However, impact strength values dropped down with BNT inclusion. According to MFI test measurements, BNT incorporation displayed no significant change for MFI value of ABS. Homogeneous dispersion of BNT particles into ABS phase was deduced from SEM micrographs of composites. Loading ratio of 15% BNT was remarked as the most suitable candidate among fabricated ABS-based composites according to findings. Research limitations/implications The advanced mechanical properties and easy processing characteristics are the reasons for usage of ABS as an engineering plastic. Owing to the increase in its usage for 3D printing technology, the ABS became popular in recent years. The utilization of ABS in this technology is in filament form with various colors and dimensions. This is because of its proper rheological features. Practical implications Melt-mixing technique was used as preparation of composites, as this processing method is widely applied in industry. This method is also providing similar processing methodology with 3D printing technology. Originality/value According to the literature survey, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first research work regarding the melt-flow performance of ABS-based composites to evaluate their 3D printing applications and processability. ABS and BNT containing composites were characterized by tensile, impact and shore hardness tests, DMA, TGA), MFI test and SEM techniques.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 9Contribution of Surface Silanization Process on Mechanical Characteristics of Tpu-Based Composites Involving Feldspar and Quartz Minerals(Wiley, 2023) Bouzmane, Hajar; Tirkes, Suha; Yilmaz, Volkan Murat; Tayfun, Umit; Tirkes, SehaIn this study, quartz and feldspar powders were surface treated using a silane coupling agent to achieve a more compatible mineral surface with the polymer matrix. Details of surface characteristics of minerals were examined by energy-dissipative X-ray spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and infrared spectroscopy. Thermoplastic polyurethane-TPU was compounded with minerals using the melt-blending technique. Mechanical, thermo-mechanical, melt-flow, and morphological characterizations of TPU and relevant composites were performed by utilizing tensile and Shore hardness tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), melt flow index (MFI) measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Water repellency of TPU and composites were also evaluated experimentally. Effects of surface treatments were discussed by comparing the results of composites filled with pristine and modified minerals. Results revealed that enrichment of quartz and feldspar surfaces confer mechanical and thermo-mechanical performance of composites. Mineral inclusions caused no drastic changes to the MFI parameter of TPU. The silane layer on the mineral surface displayed a barrier effect to water uptake of composites. Homogeneous dispersion and improved interfacial adhesion of mineral particles to the TPU phase were confirmed with help of SEM observations. Quartz exhibited slightly higher performance thanks to its silica-rich composition. The findings of this research exhibited the considerable influence of the silane layer on the mineral surface on the mechanical performance of TPU-based composites.Article Citation - WoS: 14Citation - Scopus: 19Influence of Carbon Nanotube Inclusions To Electrical, Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Behaviors of Carbon-Fiber Abs Composites(Springer Japan Kk, 2022) Akar, Alinda Oyku; Yildiz, Umit Hakan; Tirkes, Seha; Tayfun, Umit; Hacivelioglu, FerdaAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) terpolymer was compounded with short carbon fiber (CF) and carbon nanotube (CNT) using a micro-extruder followed by the injection molding process. Composite samples were fabricated with loading ratios of 20 wt.% CF and 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 wt.% of CNT. Mechanical, electrical, thermo-mechanical, thermal, melt-flow, and structural investigations of ABS-based composites were conducted by performing tensile, impact, hardness, and wear tests, conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), melt flow rate test (MFR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization techniques, respectively. According to mechanical test data of resultant composites including tensile and impact test findings, CNT additions led to the remarkable increase in tensile strength and impact resistance for CF reinforced ABS composites. The formation of synergy between CNT nanoparticles and CF was confirmed by electrical conduction results. The conductive path in ABS/CF composite system was achieved by the incorporation of CNT with different loading levels. SEM micrographs of composites proved that CNT nanoparticles exhibited homogeneous dispersion into ABS matrix for lower loadings. [GRAPHICS] .Article Citation - WoS: 15Citation - Scopus: 17Development of Barite-Filled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Composites: Mechanical, Thermal, Melt-Flow and Morphological Characterizations(Elsevier, 2021) Madkour, Salma Ali; Tirkes, Seha; Tayfun, UmitBarite mineral (BRT) was compounded with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene terpolymer (ABS) with four varied filling ratio of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight. ABS/BRT composites and unfilled ABS were fabricated by twin screw micro-extruder and test samples were shaped using injection molding process. Tensile tests, shore hardness measurements and impact tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), melt-flow index (MFI) study and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization techniques were performed in order to investigate mechanical, thermo-mechanical, melt-flow and morphological performance of composites, respectively. Mechanical tests results showed that tensile strength and hardness of unfilled ABS were enhanced as BRT content increased. DMA study revealed that in addition to glass transition temperature, storage modulus of ABS raised by BRT inclusions. However, impact energy of ABS exhibited decreasing trend with the loading level of BRT. According to MFI measurements, BRT additions caused no significant change for MFI parameter of ABS regardless of concentration. It was confirmed by SEM microphotographs that the dispersion of BRT particles was found to be more homogeneous into ABS phase for their lower contents. The filling ratio of 10% BRT yield the highest performance among fabricated ABS based composites according to test results.
