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Article Effect of Freezing Phenomenon on Gait Parameters and Pedobarographic Pressure Distribution in Patients with Parkinson's Disease(Springer-Verlag Italia Srl, 2025) Korkusuz, Suleyman; Korkusuz, Busra Seckinogullari; Demircan, Emine Nur; Ozcan, Aysenur; Cakmakli, Gul Yalcin; Balkan, Ayla Fil; Elibol, BulentBackground This study aimed to examine the gait parameters of individuals with Parkinson's Disease with and without freezing of gait (FoG) on the treadmill, where freezing difficulty decreases. Methods Our study included three groups of demographically similar individuals: 15 patients with Parkinson's disease without freezing of gait, 14 patients with Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait, and 14 healthy controls. Spatiotemporal parameters of gait and static-dynamic pedobarographic pressure distribution analysis were performed using a computerized gait evaluation system (on a treadmill). Results The step length, gait speed and gait phase duration of the freezing of gait group were lower than the other groups (p < 0.05). While pedobarographic pressure distribution during static stance was similar in all groups (p > 0.05), pedobarographic pressure distribution during gait was different between groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion In patients with freezing of gait, gait speed was lower, step length and single support phase were shorter, and double support phase was longer. While the amount of load on the backfoot was lower in both Parkinson's groups, the amount of load on the forefoot was lower only in patients with freezing of gait. Even if freezing of gait did not occur, it was observed that the gait characteristics of Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait were different from those of Parkinson's disease without freezing of gait.Article Effects of Sensorimotor-Cognitive Training on Balance and Gait in Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial(Springer London Ltd, 2026) Korkusuz, Suleyman; Elibol, Bulent; Ozcan, Aysenur; Korkusuz, Busra Seckinogullari; Fil, Ayla; Cakmakli, Gul Yalcin; Yigit, OznurBackground Sensory-motor-cognitive integration deficits are common in Parkinson's disease(PD) and significantly limit functional performance, highlighting the growing need for holistic training approaches that target these domains simultaneously. Aims This study aimed to examine the effects of sensory-motor-cognitive integration training on balance and gait in patients with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). Methods A total of 40 PwPD, aged between 45 and 75 years, were included. The intervention group received 24 sessions (3 days per week for 8 weeks) of 60-minute sensory-motor-cognitive integration training. The control group was placed on a waiting list and continued their routine daily activities. All participants were assessed at baseline, at the end of the 8th week, and at the 12th week. Static posturography was used to evaluate balance [Limits of Stability and the Modified Sensory Integration and Balance Clinical Test] and gait (Walk Across test). Additionally, balance was assessed using the Functional Reach Test (FRT), and gait performance was evaluated with the Modified Dynamic Gait Index (mDGI). Results Significant time & times; group interactions were observed for functional balance and gait outcomes. The intervention group showed significant improvements in FRT and mDGI scores over time (p < 0.001), whereas no significant changes were observed in the control group. Static posturography also demonstrated significant time-related changes and group differences for most parameters (p < 0.05), except for movement velocity, directional control, and step length symmetry. Conclusion These findings suggest that individualized, multidomain sensory-motor-cognitive integration training may represent a particularly effective rehabilitation approach for enhancing balance and gait in PwPD.
