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Article Citation - WoS: 36Citation - Scopus: 58A Suite of Object Oriented Cognitive Complexity Metrics(Ieee-inst Electrical Electronics Engineers inc, 2018) Misra, Sanjay; Adewumi, Adewole; Fernandez-Sanz, Luis; Damasevicius, RobertasObject orientation has gained a wide adoption in the software development community. To this end, different metrics that can be utilized in measuring and improving the quality of object-oriented (OO) software have been proposed, by providing insight into the maintainability and reliability of the system. Some of these software metrics are based on cognitive weight and are referred to as cognitive complexity metrics. It is our objective in this paper to present a suite of cognitive complexity metrics that can be used to evaluate OO software projects. The present suite of metrics includes method complexity, message complexity, attribute complexity, weighted class complexity, and code complexity. The metrics suite was evaluated theoretically using measurement theory and Weyuker's properties, practically using Kaner's framework and empirically using thirty projects.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 9Experimental Simulation-Based Performance Evaluation of an Sms-Based Emergency Geolocation Notification System(Hindawi Ltd, 2017) Osebor, Isibor; Misra, Sanjay; Omoregbe, Nicholas; Adewumi, Adewole; Fernandez-Sanz, LuisIn an emergency, a prompt response can save the lives of victims. This statement generates an imperative issue in emergency medical services (EMS). Designing a system that brings simplicity in locating emergency scenes is a step towards improving response time. This paper therefore implemented and evaluated the performance of an SMS-based emergency geolocation notification system with emphasis on its SMS delivery time and the system's geolocation and dispatch time. Using the RAS metrics recommended by IEEE for evaluation, the designed system was found to be efficient and effective as its reliability stood within 62.7% to 70.0% while its availability stood at 99% with a downtime of 3.65 days/year.Article Citation - WoS: 33Citation - Scopus: 51Optimizing Green Computing Awareness for Environmental Sustainability and Economic Security as a Stochastic Optimization Problem(Mdpi, 2017) Okewu, Emmanuel; Misra, Sanjay; Maskeliunas, Rytis; Damasevicius, Robertas; Fernandez-Sanz, LuisThe role of automation in sustainable development is not in doubt. Computerization in particular has permeated every facet of human endeavour, enhancing the provision of information for decision-making that reduces cost of operation, promotes productivity and socioeconomic prosperity and cohesion. Hence, a new field called information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) has emerged. Nonetheless, the need to ensure environmentally friendly computing has led to this research study with particular focus on green computing in Africa. This is against the backdrop that the continent is feared to suffer most from the vulnerability of climate change and the impact of environmental risk. Using Nigeria as a test case, this paper gauges the green computing awareness level of Africans via sample survey. It also attempts to institutionalize green computing maturity model with a view to optimizing the level of citizens awareness amid inherent uncertainties like low bandwidth, poor network and erratic power in an emerging African market. Consequently, we classified the problem as a stochastic optimization problem and applied metaheuristic search algorithm to determine the best sensitization strategy. Although there are alternative ways of promoting green computing education, the metaheuristic search we conducted indicated that an online real-time solution that not only drives but preserves timely conversations on electronic waste (e-waste) management and energy saving techniques among the citizenry is cutting edge. The authors therefore reviewed literature, gathered requirements, modelled the proposed solution using Universal Modelling Language (UML) and developed a prototype. The proposed solution is a web-based multi-tier e-Green computing system that educates computer users on innovative techniques of managing computers and accessories in an environmentally friendly way. We found out that such a real-time web-based interactive forum does not only stimulate the interest of the common man in environment-related issues, but also raises awareness about the impact his computer-related activities have on mother earth. This way, he willingly becomes part of the solution to environment degradation in his circle of influence.Review Citation - WoS: 22Citation - Scopus: 39Cybersecurity Deep: Approaches, Attacks Dataset, and Comparative Study(Taylor & Francis inc, 2022) Barik, Kousik; Misra, Sanjay; Konar, Karabi; Fernandez-Sanz, Luis; Murat, KoyuncuCyber attacks are increasing rapidly due to advanced digital technologies used by hackers. In addition, cybercriminals are conducting cyber attacks, making cyber security a rapidly growing field. Although machine learning techniques worked well in solving large-scale cybersecurity problems, an emerging concept of deep learning (DL) that caught on during this period caused information security specialists to improvise the result. The deep learning techniques analyzed in this study are convolution neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and deep neural networks in the context of cybersecurity.A framework is proposed, and a real-time laboratory setup is performed to capture network packets and examine this captured data using various DL techniques. A comparable interpretation is presented under the DL techniques with essential parameters, particularly accuracy, false alarm rate, precision, and detection rate. The DL techniques experimental output projects improvise the performance of various real-time cybersecurity applications on a real-time dataset. CNN model provides the highest accuracy of 98.64% with a precision of 98% with binary class. The RNN model offers the second-highest accuracy of 97.75%. CNN model provides the highest accuracy of 98.42 with multiclass class. The study shows that DL techniques can be effectively used in cybersecurity applications. Future research areas are being elaborated, including the potential research topics to improve several DL methodologies for cybersecurity applications.Review Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 9An Empirical Evaluation of Software Quality Assurance Practices and Challenges in a Developing Country: a Comparison of Nigeria and Turkey(Springer international Publishing Ag, 2016) Sowunmi, Olaperi Yeside; Mısra, Sanjay; Misra, Sanjay; Fernandez-Sanz, Luis; Crawford, Broderick; Soto, Ricardo; Mısra, Sanjay; Computer Engineering; Computer EngineeringBackground: The importance of quality assurance in the software development process cannot be overemphasized because its adoption results in high reliability and easy maintenance of the software system and other software products. Software quality assurance includes different activities such as quality control, quality management, quality standards, quality planning, process standardization and improvement amongst others. The aim of this work is to further investigate the software quality assurance practices of practitioners in Nigeria. While our previous work covered areas on quality planning, adherence to standardized processes and the inherent challenges, this work has been extended to include quality control, software process improvement and international quality standard organization membership. It also makes comparison based on a similar study carried out in Turkey. The goal is to generate more robust findings that can properly support decision making by the software community. The qualitative research approach, specifically, the use of questionnaire research instruments was applied to acquire data from software practitioners. Results: In addition to the previous results, it was observed that quality assurance practices are quite neglected and this can be the cause of low patronage. Moreover, software practitioners are neither aware of international standards organizations or the required process improvement techniques; as such their claimed standards are not aligned to those of accredited bodies, and are only limited to their local experience and knowledge, which makes it questionable. The comparison with Turkey also yielded similar findings, making the results typical of developing countries. The research instrument used was tested for internal consistency using the Cronbach's alpha, and it was proved reliable. Conclusion: For the software industry in developing countries to grow strong and be a viable source of external revenue, software assurance practices have to be taken seriously because its effect is evident in the final product. Moreover, quality frameworks and tools which require minimum time and cost are highly needed in these countries.Article Citation - WoS: 36Agriculture 4.0: an Implementation Framework for Food Security Attainment in Nigeria's Post-Covid Era(Ieee-inst Electrical Electronics Engineers inc, 2021) Oruma, Samson O.; Misra, Sanjay; Fernandez-Sanz, LuisThe challenge of Nigeria's food insecurity in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, insecurity, climate change, population growth, food wastage, etc., is a demanding task. This study addresses Nigeria's food insecurity challenges by adopting agriculture 4.0 and commercial farming. Using data from six digital libraries, the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics, and other internet sources, we conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR using PRISMA) on Nigeria's agriculture, food security, and agriculture 4.0. Our results show Nigeria's current agricultural state, threats to food security, and modern digital agriculture technologies. We adapted our SLR findings to develop an implementation framework for agriculture 4.0 in solving Nigeria's food insecurity challenge in the post-Covid-19 era. Our proposed framework integrates precision agriculture in Nigeria's food production and the necessary enabling digital technologies in the agri-food supply chain. We analyzed the critical implementation considerations during each agri-food supply chain stage of farming inputs, farming scale, farming approach, farming operation, food processing, food preservation/storage, distribution/logistics, and the final consumers. This study will help researchers, investors, and the government address food security in Nigeria. The implementation of agriculture 4.0 will substantially contribute to SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 3 (good health and well-being), and SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth) of #Envision 2030 of the United Nations, for the benefit of Nigeria, Africa, and the entire world.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 4Ronsi: a Framework for Calculating Return on Network Security Investment(Springer, 2023) Barik, Kousik; Misra, Sanjay; Fernandez-Sanz, Luis; Koyuncu, MuratThis competitive environment is rapidly driving technological modernization. Sophisticated cyber security attacks are expanding exponentially, inflicting reputation damage and financial and economic loss. Since security investments may take time to generate revenues, organizations need more time to convince top management to support them. Even though several ROSI techniques have been put out, they still need to address network-related infrastructure. By addressing gaps in existing techniques, this study delivers a comprehensive framework for calculating Return on Network Security Investment (RONSI). The proposed framework uses a statistical prediction model based on Bayes' theorem to calculate the RONSI. It is validated by Common Vulnerability Security Systems (CVSS) datasets and compared to existing studies. The results demonstrate that the annual loss is reduced to 75% with the proposed RONSI model after implementing a security strategy, and the proposed model is compared with existing studies. An organization can effectively justify investments in network-related infrastructure while enhancing its credibility and dependability in the cutthroat marketplace.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 8Automated Recovery and Visualization of Test-To Traceability (tct) Links: an Evaluation(Ieee-inst Electrical Electronics Engineers inc, 2021) Aljawabrah, Nadera; Gergely, Tamas; Misra, Sanjay; Fernandez-Sanz, LuisIn the software development process, traceability links between unit tests and code are not explicitly maintained, and dependencies in most cases are manually identified. As a result, a large amount of effort and time is required during the comprehension process to establish the links between these artifacts. Although there are several methods that can infer such links based on different phenomenons, these methods usually produce different set of traceability links. This work expands upon previous traceability link recovery and visualization studies by implementing a combination of traceability recovery methods that automatically retrieve the links, and visualizing them to help developers to overview the links inferred by various recovery techniques, and also to select the right relations for analyses. The results of the usability study show that the visualization model presented herein can effectively support browsing, comprehension, and maintenance of Test-to Code Traceability (TCT) links in a system with enhanced efficiency, as well as visualization of TCT links from multiple sources is better than a visualization of single source of traceability links.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 6Enhancing Misuse Cases With Risk Assessment for Safety Requirements(Ieee-inst Electrical Electronics Engineers inc, 2020) Arogundade, Oluwasefunmi T.; Misra, Sanjay; Abayomi-Alli, Olusola O.; Fernandez-Sanz, LuisRisk-driven requirements elicitation represents an approach that allows assignment of appropriate countermeasure for the protection of the Information System (IS) depending on the risk level. Elicitation of safety requirements based on risk analysis is essential for those IS which will run on the open and dynamic Internet platform. Traditionally, misuse cases are used to find the weak points of an IS but cannot differentiate between the weak point that can lead to lenient hazard and/or serious hazard. In this paper, we present an enhanced misuse case approach to support IS safety risk assessment at the early stages of software process. We extensively examined and identified concepts which constitute a modelling technique for IS safety risk assessment and build a conceptual model for achieving IS safety risk assessment during the requirement analysis phase of software process. The risk assessment process follows an approach of consequential analysis based on misuse cases for safety hazard identification and qualitative risk measurement. The safety requirements are elicited according to the results of the risk assessment. A medical IS is used as a case study to validate the proposed model.
